The Imperial Cult in the Latin West: Studies in the Ruler Cult of the Western Provinces of the Roman Empire, Volume III: Provincial Cult. Part 1: Institution and Evolution

This volume deals with the institution and evolution of imperial cult at the provincial level from the earliest foundations under Augustus down to the mid-third century A.D. On the basis of detailed examination of evidence from the different regions or provinces of the Latin west the emphasis of provincial cults can be seen to move first from the living emperor and Roma to the deified emperor, then from a composite cult of living and deified dead emperors to a renewed emphasis on the reigning emperor in the late second and early third centuries. Analysis is based primarily on the study of epigraphical, numismatic and iconographic evidence, generously illuminated by plates. The volume concludes with a series of essays summarizing the main lines of development in the light of various related issues. The Imperial Cult in the Latin West, Volume III: Provincial Cult. Part 1: Institution and Evolution 4 Contents 8 Preface 12 List of Abbreviations 14 List of Plates 16 Book III: Institution and Evolution 18 Introduction 20 I. Roma and the Living Emperor: Regional Cults (31 B.C. – A.D. 14) 22 Arae Sestianae 23 Ara Romae et Augusti ad confluentes Araris et Rhodani 26 i. The Federal Altar 27 ii. Historical Context 28 iii. Date of Dedication 30 iv. The Cult ad aram 36 Ara Ubiorum 37 Templum apud Lingonum gentem 39 An Altar on the Elbe 40 A Regional Centre at Lugdunum Convenarum? 40 i. A Regional Council? 41 ii. Regional Priests? 44 iii. A Regional Temple? 46 iv. The Inscription of Hasparren 48 v. An Ara Convenarum? 49 vi. An Inconclusive Case 50 vii. The Creation of Novempopulana 54 viii. A Civic Cult at Lugdunum Convenarum 55 II. The Deified Emperor: Provincial Cults (A.D. 14–69) 58 Hispania citerior 60 i. The "Temple of Augustus" 60 ii. The Provincial Cult 69 Lusitania 70 i. The Priesthood of Albinus 73 ii. The Provincial Cult 76 Noricum 77 i. The Council House 81 ii. The Temple 85 Britannia 92 i. A Temple of Claudius? 93 ii. The Temple of Divus Claudius 99 iii. An Altar to Roma and Augustus? 106 Gallia Comata 109 i. The Federal Cult and the Amphitheatre 109 III. Expansion and Reformulation (A.D. 69–96) 112 Gallia Narbonensis 116 i. Flamen primus 117 ii. Date of Institution 121 iii. The Provincial Cult 126 Baetica 128 i. flamini Augustali in Baetica primo [ ... 131 ii. A Flavian Regulation at Corduba 136 iii. The Provincial Cult 143 Africa Proconsularis 144 i. The Era of the Province 145 ii. A Flavian Regulation in Africa Proconsularis 147 iii. The Provincial Cult 148 Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana 148 i. The Provincial Cult 149 Sardinia 150 i. A Flavian Regulation at Carales 152 ii. The Provincial Cult 161 Alpes Cottiae and Alpes Maritimae 162 Arae Flaviae 162 Dalmatia 165 Tres Galliae 166 i. A Flavian Regulation at the Federal Sanctuary? 167 ii. Stips annua 171 iii. The Provincial Cult 172 Hispania citerior 173 i. Flavian Regulations at Tarraco 175 ii. The Provincial Cult 181 Lusitania 183 i. A Flavian Regulation at Emerita 184 ii. The Provincial Cult 186 Britannia 186 IV. Extension and Consolidation (A.D. 96–193) 188 Dacia 190 i. The Provincial Cult 193 Upper and Lower Pannonia 194 Upper and Lower Moesia 196 Dalmatia 197 Tres Galliae 198 i. The Provincial Temple 199 ii. The Provincial Cult 202 Hispania citerior 203 i. The "Temple of Augustus" 203 ii. The Provincial Priesthood 205 iii. The Provincial Cult 207 Africa Proconsularis 207 Sardinia 210 Other Provinces 211 V. The Aftermath of Revolution (A.D. 193–284) 214 Tres Galliae 216 i. The Altar of the Caesar(s) 218 ii. The Cult ad aram 219 iii. Historical Context 220 Hispania citerior 221 Baetica 222 Dacia 223 i. The Provincial Cult 225 Pannonia and Moesia 226 Other Provinces 227 VI. The Development of Provincial Worship 230 Initiative and Responsibiliry 230 Content and Form 237 Roman and Non-Roman 246 References 256 Back Matter 278