The Identities of Membrane Steroid Receptors : ... And Other Proteins Mediating Nongenomic Steroid Action

Cheryl S. Watson University o/Texas Medical Branch Cellular steroid action has been thoroughly studied in the nuclear compartment. However, nuclear steroid receptor mechanisms have been unable to explain some of the rapid activities of steroids, partiCUlarly those which occur in a time frame of seconds to minutes [reviewed in (1;2)]. Based on these and other considerations, an alternative membrane-associated receptor form was long ago proposed to exist (3). Others interpret the location of the steroid receptors mediating these rapid effects as peri­ membrane or cytoplasmic. New experimental tools have been brought to bear on the topic of receptors for steroids which mediate non-genomic actions, and thus investigative activity and focus regarding this type of steroid receptor has recently increased significantly. However, there may be multiple answers to the question "how do steroids mediate rapid nongenomic effects?" Steroid actions initiated at the cell membrane can impinge on important phases in the lifespan of a cell: proliferation, migration, differentiation, and release of hormones or neurotransmitters functioning as signals to other cells. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptors and Breast Cancer....Pages 1-9 A Membrane Form of Estrogen Receptor-α Mediates Estrogenic, Nongenomic Effects....Pages 11-19 An Expanded View of Estrogen Receptor Localization in Neurons....Pages 21-25 Regulation of Endothelial No Synthase Activity by Estrogen Receptors in a Steroid Receptor Fast-Action Complex (SRFC) in Caveolae....Pages 27-35 Estrogen-Stimulated, Membrane-Initiated Receptor-Ligand Interactions in Vascular Cells....Pages 37-45 Membrane Glucocorticoid Receptors and Glucocorticoid Signal Transduction....Pages 47-55 Nuclear Vitamin D (VDR) and Estrogen (ER) Receptors in the Membrane of Muscle and Breast Cancer Cells....Pages 57-65 The Role of Adapter Proteins in Eraα Membrane Association and Function....Pages 67-76 Interactions of Estrogen Receptors with Signal Cascade Molecules....Pages 77-83 Human Progesterone Receptor Crosstalk with Cytoplasmic Signaling Molecules Through Direct SH3 Domain Interaction....Pages 85-91 The Classical Progesterone Receptor Mediates Xenopus Oocyte Maturation Through a Non-Genomic Mechanism....Pages 93-101 Seteroid Hormone Receptor Interactions with PAK6, a Member of the P21 Activated Kinase Family....Pages 103-110 Membrane Localization and Rapid Non-Transcriptional Action of the Androgen Receptor....Pages 111-117 The Discovery and Function of MTA1s in Eraα Cytoplasmic Sequestration....Pages 119-124 Novel, Membrane-Intrinsic Receptors for Progesterone and Aldosterone....Pages 125-129 Current Knowledge of the Nature and Identity of Progestin and Estrogen Membrane Receptors in Fish Gonads....Pages 131-137 Evidence Supporting a Role for Gpr30, an Orphan Member of the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Superfamily, in Rapid Estrogen Signaling....Pages 139-146 A Novel Non-Genomic Action of Estradiol (E) and Testosterone (T): Regulators of Microtubule Polymerization....Pages 147-156 Evidence that a Membrane Corticosteroid Receptor is an Opioid-Like Receptor....Pages 157-164 Progestins Have Actions Through GABA A Receptors....Pages 165-168 Characteristics of a Nonclassical Membrane Estrogen Receptor in the Endocrine Pancreas....Pages 169-176 Protein Kinase C Isoforms as Non-Genomic Receptors....Pages 177-185 Membrane Estrogen Receptors in Human Spermatozoa: An Example of a Non-Classic Steroid Receptor Located in the Membrane....Pages 187-192 Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Steroid Signaling at the Cell Membrane....Pages 193-200 Back Matter....Pages 201-208 Understanding the nature of rapid (nongenomic) steroid signaling depends upon identifying the protein(s) which binds hormone at the cell periphery and mediates the initial signal transmission. This book juxtaposes identifications from different laboratories and collectively presents several possibilities: nuclear steroid receptors in nonnuclear locations, other known membrane receptors with additional steroid binding sites, enzymes, transporters, receptors for blood-borne steroid-binding proteins, and unique, previously undescribed proteins