The Ideal Worlds of Economics: Liberal, Radical, and Conservative Economic World Views

## What Is Liberalism? there is no such thing as striking a balance, which, he would say, implies that a society is some sort of organism, transcending the individuals who are its parts. Next consider the radical. He is at least as appalled as the conservative at our pragmatic models. He believes that affluence is a sham, covering a deep malaise, that the governments run these societies for the benefit of a tiny minority of the population, so that welfare too is a sham. He also believes that the openness and conflict in these societies are a superficial manifestation of a fundamental ailment, namely, alienation, that can only be eliminated by a dramatic transformation of the social structure. And in his vision of this transformed society conflict too is transformed into a "dialectic interaction among nonantagonistic contradictions," or some such thing. No, these are liberal answers, distinguishable fundamentally from those offered by the other ideologies that exist in the world today. In fact, the questions too may be liberal, tending to formulate issues in ways that favor and reveal the liberal orientation. This too is conceded, and the same liberal orientation that formed the questions will continue as we look a bit more deeply at the structure of the contemporary world political economy in the next few chapters. \* Starred items are available in paperback edition. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Introduction....Pages 3-6 What Is Liberalism?....Pages 7-11 Affluent Capitalism: Some Basic Facts....Pages 12-21 Markets and Affluent Capitalism....Pages 22-35 Political Business....Pages 36-47 Management and Planning....Pages 48-57 Developing Along the Main Line....Pages 58-66 Socialism: Development and Utopia....Pages 67-73 International Relations....Pages 74-85 The Future....Pages 86-92 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 Liberal Economic World Views in Perspective....Pages 95-101 Basic Liberal Values....Pages 102-107 The Galbraith Variant....Pages 108-125 Drucker’s Liberal Discontinuities....Pages 126-134 Power and the Survival of Liberal Government....Pages 135-141 Wars and the Failure of Issue Structure....Pages 142-148 Dissent on Development....Pages 149-153 Ecological Cassandras....Pages 154-160 Front Matter....Pages 173-174 Introduction....Pages 175-179 Contemporary Capitalism:The Charges....Pages 180-186 Front Matter....Pages 173-174 The Structure and Tendency of Societies....Pages 187-195 Monopoly Capitalism: Structure and Tendencies....Pages 196-204 Exploitation Under Monopoly Capitalism....Pages 205-213 Government and Monopoly Capital....Pages 214-221 Instability and Crisis....Pages 222-228 Development and Imperialism....Pages 229-237 The Rise of Socialism: The Soviet Union....Pages 238-245 The Rise of Socialism: Yugoslavia and China....Pages 246-253 Transitions....Pages 254-261 The Future....Pages 262-265 Front Matter....Pages 267-267 Radical World View and Radical Economics....Pages 269-273 Baran and Sweezy....Pages 274-283 Stagnation and Surplus Absorption....Pages 284-287 Alienation....Pages 288-292 Horvat....Pages 293-298 Technical Economics vs. Radical Economics?....Pages 299-303 The Role of Revolution....Pages 304-306 Front Matter....Pages 323-324 Introduction....Pages 325-329 What Made the Modern World?....Pages 330-336 Prosperity and Order in Ancient China and Republican Venice....Pages 337-342 Front Matter....Pages 323-324 England and the United States: The Thoroughgoing Market Economy....Pages 343-348 Markets and the Twentieth Century....Pages 349-354 Property Rights....Pages 355-360 Government and Property....Pages 361-368 Government and Spending....Pages 369-373 Money and Taxes....Pages 374-378 The Problem of Order....Pages 379-385 Economic Development....Pages 386-391 The International Economy....Pages 392-398 Socialism....Pages 399-404 International Order....Pages 405-410 The Future....Pages 411-416 Front Matter....Pages 417-417 Introduction....Pages 419-423 Libertarians: The Pure Breed....Pages 424-429 Social Conservatives....Pages 430-434 Neoconservatives....Pages 435-439 Friedman....Pages 440-444 Hayek....Pages 445-449 Back Matter....Pages 461-482