The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union (Woodrow Wilson Center Press)

This Book Addresses The Question Of What It Means, And Has Meant, To Be European, Covering The Period From Antiquity To The End Of The Twentieth Century. The Essays Discuss Questions Of Politics, Law, Religion, Culture, Literature, And Even Affectivity In A Broad Account Of How A Distinctive European Identity Has Grown Over The Centuries And Its Place In The Future Evolution Of The European Union. In The Massive Literature Of European Integration, No Other Book Takes Such A Long Historical Perspective, And None Other Deals Directly With The Question Of Identity. Introduction / Anthony Pagden -- Europe : Conceptualizing A Continent / Anthony Pagden -- Some Europes In Their History / J.g.a. Pocock -- Europe In The Middle Ages / William Chester Jordan -- The Republican Mirror : The Dutch Idea Of Europe / Hans W. Blom -- The Napoleonic Empire And The Europe Of Nations / Biancamaria Fontana -- Homo Politicus And Homo Oeconomicus : The European Citizen According To Max Weber / Wilfried Nippel -- The European Self : Rethinking An Attitude / Michael Herzfeld -- European Nationalism And European Union / Ariane Chebel D'appollonia -- From The Ironies Of Identity To The Identities Of Irony / Luisa Passerini -- Muslims And European Identity : Can Europe Represent Islam? / Talal Asad -- The Long Road To Unity : The Contribution Of Law To The Process Of European Integration Since 1945 / Philip Ruttley -- The Euro, Economic Federalism, And The Question Of National Sovereignty / Elie Cohen -- Identity Politics And European Integration : The Case Of Germany / Thomas Risse And Daniela Engelmann-martin -- Nationalisms In Spain : The Organization Of Convivencia / Andrés De Blas Guerrero -- The Kantian Idea Of Europe : Critical And Cosmopolitan Perspectives / James Tully. Edited By Anthony Pagden. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 Contents......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Introduction......Page 15 GOVERNMENT......Page 17 THE LEGACY OF EMPIRE......Page 24 WAR AND COMMERCE......Page 27 A MODERN EUROPEAN IDENTITY......Page 34 AGENCIES OF IDENTITY......Page 38 1 Europe: Conceptualizing a Continent......Page 47 2 Some Europes in Their History......Page 69 THE GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPT OF "EUROPE”......Page 70 THE ENLIGHTENED NARRATIVE......Page 76 ANOTHER "EUROPE” IN HISTORY......Page 81 CONCLUSION......Page 84 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE......Page 85 3 “Europe” in the Middle Ages......Page 86 EUROPE......Page 88 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS......Page 90 THE ECONOMY......Page 92 THE ECCLESIASTICAL WORLD......Page 95 CONCLUSION......Page 103 4 The Republican Mirror: The Dutch Idea of Europe......Page 105 THE RISE OF DUTCH REPUBLICANISM......Page 109 THE FAILURES OF HUMANIST, ARISTOCRATIC REPUBLICANISM, 1609–29......Page 113 THE MORAL CONTAINMENT OF REASON OF STATE......Page 118 THE CULMINATION OF THE REPUBLICAN DEBATE......Page 124 EUROPEAN REPUBLICANISM AND THE REPUBLICAN IDEA OF EUROPE......Page 126 5 The Napoleonic Empire and the Europe of Nations......Page 130 THE ENLIGHTENMENT VIEW......Page 131 REVOLUTION AND CONQUEST......Page 133 THE OPPOSITION TO NAPOLEON......Page 138 FROM PARIS TO VIENNA......Page 140 6 Homo Politicus and Homo Oeconomicus: The European Citizen According to Max Weber......Page 143 OCCIDENT VERSUS ORIENT......Page 145 MIDDLE AGES VERSUS ANTIQUITY......Page 146 CONCLUSION......Page 151 7 The European Self: Rethinking an Attitude......Page 153 THE MENTALITY TRAP......Page 156 A VIEW FROM THE MARGINS......Page 159 CONTESTING THE CLAIMS OF RATIONALISM......Page 162 THE EVERYDAY USE OF “NATIONAL CHARACTER”......Page 164 THE GREEK ATOMIST INDIVIDUALIST: A PARADIGMATIC CASE......Page 171 PREDICAMENTS OF THE PICTURESQUE: VARIEGATIONS OF A EUROPEAN SELFHOOD......Page 178 FROM ARTISANAL MODELS TO MODEL SELVES: TOWARD THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA......Page 183 8 European Nationalism and European Union......Page 185 FROM EUROPEAN COSMOPOLITANISM TO ANTINATIONAL EUROPEAN NATIONALISM......Page 187 FROM EUROPEAN COSMOPOLITANISM TO PRO-NATIONAL EUROPEAN NATIONALISM......Page 194 THE PREDICAMENT OF EUROPEAN NATIONALISM TODAY......Page 200 9 From the Ironies of Identity to the Identities of Irony......Page 205 THE IDEA OF EUROPE AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY......Page 207 EUROPE AND ITS OTHERS......Page 214 BEING EUROPEAN......Page 218 10 Muslims and European Identity: Can Europe Represent Islam?......Page 223 MUSLIMS AND THE IDEA OF EUROPE......Page 225 ISLAM AND THE NARRATIVE OF EUROPE......Page 228 THE SHIFTING BORDERS OF MODERN EUROPE......Page 232 EUROPEAN LIBERAL DEMOCRACY AND MINORITY REPRESENTATION......Page 234 11 The Long Road to Unity: The Contribution of Law to the Process of European Integration since 1945......Page 242 FROM THE TREATY OF PARIS TO THE TREATY OF AMSTERDAM: THE UNIFICATION OF EUROPE THROUGH THE EC TREATIES......Page 243 The First Phase, 1945–1955......Page 246 The Second Phase, 1955–1968......Page 249 The Third Phase, 1965–1987......Page 251 The Fourth Phase: The Single European Act of 1987......Page 256 The Fifth Phase: The Maastricht Treaty on European Union of 1992 and the Treaty of Amsterdam of 1997......Page 259 THE DYNAMIC ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS......Page 264 The Doctrine of Exclusive Community Competence......Page 267 Private Enforcement of the Treaties against Member States......Page 270 12 The Euro, Economic Federalism, and the Question of National Sovereignty......Page 274 WHY THE EMU?......Page 275 THE EMU AND THE RENUNCIATION OF SOVEREIGNTY......Page 278 THE EMU AND THE THEORY OF IMPULSE IMBALANCE......Page 280 THE STRATEGY OF COMPETITIVE DEFLATION INSCRIBED IN THE STONE OF INSTITUTIONS......Page 284 THE EMU: A STRATEGY FOR WINNING MONETARY INFLUENCE......Page 289 THE CENTRAL BANKS AGAINST THE MARKETS......Page 291 EUROPE AFTER THE EURO......Page 295 13 Identity Politics and European Integration: The Case of Germany......Page 301 WHAT IS "NATION-STATE IDENTITY” AND WHAT CAN IT EXPLAIN?......Page 303 Konrad Adenauer’s Vision of Germany in Europe......Page 308 Lack of Consensus among German Elites......Page 311 A Federalist Consensus Emerges......Page 314 German Unification: Continuity Rather than Change......Page 316 GERMAN EUROPEANNESS AND THE SINGLE CURRENCY: BETWEEN THE EURO AND THE DEUTSCHE MARK......Page 320 CONCLUSIONS......Page 328 14 Nationalisms in Spain: The Organization of Convivencia......Page 331 THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPANISH NATIONAL STATE AND THE HORIZON OF THE EUROPEAN UNION......Page 333 PLURALISM IN THE IDEA OF THE NATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO SPAIN......Page 336 CONCLUSION: OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES......Page 341 THE KANTIAN IDEA OF EUROPE AND THE WORLD......Page 345 A CRITICAL ENLIGHTENMENT ATTITUDE TOWARD THE KANTIAN IDEA OF EUROPE......Page 348 RETHINKING CULTURES......Page 354 RETHINKING CONSTITUTIONS AND FEDERATIONS......Page 361 FROM MONOLOGUE TO COSMOPOLITAN MULTILOGUE......Page 367 CONCLUSION......Page 372 Contributors......Page 373 Index......Page 377 The creation of the European Union and the progressive integration of the European states has raised serious questions about the existence of a distinctive European identity. Do the British share much in common with the French, or the French with the Danes? Will a unified Europe remain an economic and political possibility with no greater cultural or affective foundations? If there is something that distinguishes all Europeans, what is it, and how is it being changed by recent events? This book addresses these questions in essays ranging from ancient Greece to the end of the twentieth century. Their authors come from different intellectual backgrounds and represent differing intellectual traditions. They discuss questions of politics, religion, commerce, law, language, literature and affectivity. Taken together, they provide a powerful insight into the historical origins of the idea of Europe and into the future of the European Union. This collection discusses what it means to be 'European', covering the period from Antiquity to the end of the twentieth century. Addressing politics, law, religion, culture, literature and affectivity, this broad account shows how a distinctive European identity has grown over the centuries, and looks at the European Union's future