The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7e (Feb 13, 2017)_(0323402119)_(Mosby).pdf

No one explains A&P more clearly! The Human Body in Health & Disease, 7th Edition makes it easier to understand how the body works, both in normal conditions and when things go wrong. Its easy-to-read writing style, more than 500 full-color illustrations, and unique Clear View of the Human Body transparencies keep you focused on the principles of anatomy, physiology, and pathology. New to this edition are Connect It! features with bonus online content and concept maps with flow charts to simplify complex topics. From noted educators Kevin Patton and Gary Thibodeau, this book presents A&P in a way that lets you know and understand what is important. More than 545 full-color photographs and drawings bring difficult A&P concepts to life and illustrate the most current scientific knowledge. Clear, conversational writing style breaks down information into brief 'chunks,' making principles easier to understand. UNIQUE! Clear View of the Human Body transparencies allow you to peel back the layers of the body, with a 22-page, full-color insert showing the male and female human body along several planes. Over 50 Animation Direct 3-D animations provide dynamic visual explanations for key concepts, with callouts in the text directing you to these animations on the Evolve companion website. Language of Science/Language of Medicine presents lists of medical terms, pronunciations, and word parts to help you become familiar with A&P terminology and the meanings of individual word parts. Useful learning features include study tips, chapter objectives, case studies, critical thinking questions, summary boxes, review questions, and chapter tests. A study guide reinforces your understanding of anatomy and physiology with a variety of practical exercises to help you review and apply key A&P concepts. Sold separately. NEW and UNIQUE! Connect It! articles on the Evolve companion website provide bonus information for you to explore, and are called out in the text. NEW and UNIQUE! Active Concept Maps on Evolve utilize animated and narrated flow charts to explain complex topics, and are also called out in the text. NEW! Chapter objectives and Active Learning sections more closely tie objectives to the end-of-chapter material. UPDATED! Genetics chapter includes the latest and most important advances. Front cover Anatomical directions Contents in brief Evolve learning system Front matter The human body in health & disease Copyright About the authors Contributor panel Scientific review panel Preface Instructional design Unifying themes Organization and content Illustrations and page design Clear view of the human body Embedded learning tools Hints: Chapter outline: Chapter objectives: Language of science and medicine: Quick check questions: Active concept maps: Boxed sidebars: Connect it! online articles: AnimationDirect: Outline summaries: Audio chapter summary boxes: Active learning tools: Glossary: Index: Digital learning tools Online resources for instructors TEACH instructor resource manual Test bank Image collection Update guide Supplements Summary of changes to the seventh edition A word of thanks How to use this book 1. Get your head into it 2. Gain familiarity 3. Seek mastery Table of contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the body Language of science Language of medicine Scientific method Levels of organization Anatomical position Anatomical directions Directional terms Anatomical compass rosette Planes of the body Body cavities Dorsal cavities Ventral cavities Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Abdominopelvic quadrants and regions Abdominopelvic quadrants Abdominopelvic regions Body regions Balance of body functions Homeostasis Feedback control Negative feedback Positive feedback Normal fluctuations ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning Table of contents CHAPTER 2 Chemistry of life Language of science Language of medicine Levels of chemical organization Atoms Elements, molecules, and compounds Chemical bonding Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Hydrogen bonds Inorganic chemistry Water Solutions Water chemistry Acids, bases, and salts Acids Bases pH Salts Homeostasis of pH Organic chemistry Carbohydrates Lipids Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Proteins Nucleic acids Clinical applications of chemistry ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 3 Cells Language of science Language of medicine Overview of cells Size and shape Composition Parts of the cell Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Centrosome Cell extensions Microvilli Cilia Flagella Nucleus Central structure of a cell Nucleolus Chromatin and chromosomes Relationship of cell structure and function Movement of substances through cell membranes Types of membrane transport Passive transport processes Diffusion Osmosis Dialysis Filtration Active transport processes Ion pumps Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Cell transport and disease Cell growth and reproduction Cell growth DNA RNA Protein synthesis Transcription Translation Protein synthesis and disease Cell reproduction Cell life cycle DNA replication Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Results of cell division Changes in cell growth and reproduction ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 4 Tissues Language of science Language of medicine Introduction to tissues Tissue types Matrix Epithelial tissue Introduction to epithelial tissues Overview Shape of cells Arrangement of cells Squamous epithelium Simple squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium Transitional epithelium Connective tissue Introduction to connective tissue Overview Cells and matrix Types of connective tissue Fibrous connective tissue Loose fibrous connective tissue (areolar) Adipose tissue Reticular tissue Dense fibrous connective tissue Bone Cartilage Overview Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage Blood tissue Hematopoietic tissue Muscle tissue Introduction to muscle tissue Skeletal muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue Smooth muscle tissue Nervous tissue Tissue repair ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 5 Organ systems Language of science Language of medicine Organ systems of the body Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Skeletal muscles Muscles of other systems Nervous system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Lymphatic and immune systems Lymphatic system Immune system Respiratory system Digestive system Urinary system Reproductive systems Human reproduction Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Body as a whole Homeostasis Applying organ system concepts Organ replacement Vital and nonvital organs Artificial organs Nonvital organ replacement Vital organ replacement Medical machines Engineered tissues and organs Organ transplantation Surgical transplants Immune rejection of transplants ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 6 Mechanisms of disease Language of science Language of medicine Studying disease Disease terminology Signs, symptoms, and disease Disease progression Patterns of disease Introduction to epidemiology Tracking disease Stopping the spread of disease Pathophysiology Mechanisms of disease Disturbances of homeostasis Types of disease mechanisms Genetic mechanisms Infectious mechanisms Neoplastic mechanisms Traumatic mechanisms Metabolic mechanisms Inflammatory mechanisms Degeneration Risk factors Types of risk factors Genetic factors Age Lifestyle Stress Environmental factors Preexisting conditions Combined risk factors Avoiding risk of disease Pathogenic organisms and particles Viruses Introduction to viruses Examples of viruses Human immunodeficiency virus Coronaviruses Flaviviruses Prions Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Pathogenic animals Prevention and control Mechanisms of transmission Person-to-person contact Environmental contact Opportunistic invasion Transmission by a vector Prevention and treatment strategies Vaccination Drug therapy Antibiotic drugs Antiviral drugs Tumors and cancer Neoplasms Benign and malignant tumors Types of tumors Causes of cancer Abnormal cell division Genetic factors Carcinogens Age Environment Viruses Pathogenesis of cancer Detecting cancer Self-examination Diagnostic imaging Biopsy Blood test Stages and grades of cancer Cancer treatment Inflammation Inflammatory response Introduction to inflammation Mechanisms of inflammation Inflammatory disease Local and systemic inflammation Fever Acute and chronic inflammation ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 7 Skin and membranes Language of science Language of medicine Body membranes Classification of membranes Epithelial membranes Types of epithelial membrane Cutaneous membrane Serous membranes Mucous membranes Connective tissue membranes Skin structure Overview of skin structure Epidermis Epidermal structure Skin pigment Melanin Skin color changes Dermal-epidermal junction Dermis Overview of dermis Papillary layer Dermal papillae Dermal ridges Reticular layer Fibrous network Birthmarks Subcutaneous tissue Hair, nails, and skin receptors Hair Location of hair Hair growth Hair loss Arrector pili muscle Nails Nail growth and structure Variations in nail structure Skin receptors Skin glands Sweat glands Eccrine glands Apocrine glands Sebaceous glands Sebum Acne Functions of the skin Protection Temperature regulation Sensation Excretion Synthesis of vitamin D Disorders of the skin Skin lesions Burns Severity of burns Depth classification of burns First-degree burns Second-degree burns Third-degree burns Fourth-degree burns Estimating body surface area Skin infections Impetigo Tinea Warts Boils Scabies Vascular and inflammatory skin disorders Decubitus ulcers Hives Scleroderma Psoriasis Eczema Skin cancer Role of ultraviolet radiation Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Melanoma Kaposi sarcoma ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 8 Skeletal system Language of science Language of medicine Functions of the skeletal system Support Protection Movement Storage Hematopoiesis Gross structure of bones Types of bones Structure of long bones Structure of flat bones Microscopic structure of bones Bone tissue structure Cancellous bone (spongy bone) Compact bone Cartilage tissue structure Bone development Making and remodeling bone Endochondral ossification Intramembranous ossification Axial skeleton Skull Regions of the skull Sinuses Sutures and fontanels Hyoid bone Vertebral column (spine) Vertebrae Sacrum and coccyx Spinal curvatures Convex and concave curvatures Abnormal spinal curvatures Thorax Appendicular skeleton Upper extremity Lower extremity Skeletal variations Male-female skeletal differences Age differences Environmental factors Joints Articulation of bones Kinds of joints Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses Structure of diarthroses Function of diarthroses Ball-and-socket joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Saddle joints Gliding joints Condyloid joints Skeletal disorders Tumors Bone tumors Cartilage tumors Metabolic bone diseases Osteoporosis Rickets and osteomalacia Paget disease Osteogenesis imperfecta Bone infection Bone fractures Joint disorders Noninflammatory joint disease Inflammatory joint disease (arthritis) Rheumatoid arthritis Gouty arthritis Infectious arthritis ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 9 Muscular system Language of science Language of medicine Muscle tissue Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Structure of skeletal muscle Muscle organs Muscle fibers Structure of muscle fibers Contraction of muscle fibers Function of skeletal muscle Movement Posture Heat production Fatigue Integration with other body systems Motor unit Muscle stimulus Types of muscle contraction Twitch and tetanic contractions Isotonic contraction Isometric contraction Effects of exercise Movements produced by muscles Angular movements Circular movements Special movements Skeletal muscle groups Muscles of the head and neck Muscles of the upper extremities Muscles of the trunk Muscles of the lower extremities Muscular disorders Muscle injury Muscle infections Muscular dystrophy Myasthenia gravis ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 10 Nervous system Language of science Language of medicine Organs and divisions of the nervous system Cells of the nervous system Neurons Neuron structure Types of neurons Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons Glia Function of glia Central glia Peripheral glia Disorders of nervous tissue Multiple sclerosis Tumors Nerves and tracts Nerve signals Reflex arcs Neuron pathways Structure of reflex arcs Reflex responses Nerve impulses Definition of a nerve impulse Mechanism of a nerve impulse Conduction of nerve impulses Synapses Structure and function of a synapse Neurotransmitters and receptors Neurotransmitters Receptors Parkinson disease Central nervous system Brain Divisions of the brain Brainstem Cerebellum Structure Function Diencephalon Hypothalamus Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebrum Structure of the cerebrum Function of the cerebrum Brain disorders Destruction of brain tissue Physical injury Stroke Cerebral palsy Degenerative disease Seizure disorders Spinal cord Structure Functions Coverings and fluid spaces Meninges and bone Cerebrospinal fluid spaces Peripheral nervous system Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Structure Functions Peripheral nerve disorders Autonomic nervous system Overview Functional anatomy Autonomic conduction paths Sympathetic division Structure Function Parasympathetic division Structure Function Autonomic neurotransmitters Autonomic nervous system as a whole Disorders of the autonomic nervous system Stress-induced disease Neuroblastoma ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 11 Senses Language of science Language of medicine Classification of senses General senses Special senses Sensory receptor types Sensory pathways General senses Distribution of general sense receptors Modes of sensation Disorders involving general senses Special senses Vision Structure and function of the eye Fibrous layer Vascular layer Inner layer Fluids of the eyeball Visual pathway Disorders of vision Refraction disorders Common focusing problems Cataracts Conjunctivitis Strabismus Disorders of the retina Retinal detachment Diabetic retinopathy Glaucoma Retinal degeneration Color blindness Disorders of the visual pathway Hearing and equilibrium Ear External ear Middle ear Inner ear Hearing Equilibrium Hearing and equilibrium disorders Hearing disorders Equilibrium disorders Taste Smell Integration of senses ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 12 Endocrine system Language of science Language of medicine Endocrine glands Mechanisms of hormone action Nonsteroid hormones Steroid hormones Regulation of hormone secretion Negative feedback Positive feedback Levels of regulation Mechanisms of endocrine disease Prostaglandins Pituitary gland Structure of the pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Growth hormone Prolactin Posterior pituitary gland hormones Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Thyroid hormone Calcitonin Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands Location of adrenal glands Adrenal cortex Zones of adrenal cortex Aldosterone Cortisol Adrenal sex hormones Adrenal medulla Adrenal abnormalities Pancreatic islets Sex glands Female sex glands Male sex glands Thymus Placenta Pineal gland Endocrine functions throughout the body Other endocrine structures Hormone actions in every organ ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 13 Blood Language of science Language of medicine Blood composition Blood tissue Blood plasma Formed elements Hematopoiesis Mechanisms of blood disease Red blood cells RBC structure and function RBC count Hemoglobin RBC abnormalities Blood types Systems of blood typing ABO system Rh system Combined ABO-Rh system Red blood cell disorders Polycythemia Anemia Hemorrhagic anemia Aplastic anemia Deficiency anemias Reduction of normal hemoglobin Pernicious anemia Folate deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia Hemolytic anemias RBC destruction Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia Hemolytic disease of the newborn White blood cells Introduction to WBCs WBC count WBC types Granular leukocytes Agranular leukocytes White blood cell disorders Multiple myeloma Leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Acute lymphocytic leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Infectious mononucleosis Platelets and blood clotting Platelets Blood clotting Clotting disorders Abnormal blood clots Types of abnormal clots Anticoagulant therapy Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia Vitamin K deficiency ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 14 Heart Language of science Language of medicine Location of the heart Functional anatomy of the heart Heart chambers Pericardium Coverings of the heart Pericarditis Heart action Heart valves Valve structure and function Valve disorders Heart sounds Blood flow through the heart Blood supply to heart muscle Cardiac cycle Electrical activity of the heart Conduction system Electrocardiography Cardiac dysrhythmia Heart block Bradycardia Tachycardia Sinus dysrhythmia Premature contractions Fibrillation Cardiac output Definition of cardiac output Heart rate Stroke volume Heart failure ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 15 Circulation of blood Language of science Language of medicine Blood vessels Types Structure Outer layer Middle layer Inner layer Functions Arteries and arterioles Capillary exchange Veins and venules Disorders of blood vessels Disorders of arteries Arteriosclerosis Aneurysm Disorders of veins Varicose veins Phlebitis Routes of circulation Systemic and pulmonary circulation Hepatic portal circulation Fetal circulation Hemodynamics Defining blood pressure Factors that influence blood pressure Blood volume Strength of heart contractions Heart rate Blood viscosity Resistance to blood flow Fluctuations in arterial blood pressure Central venous blood pressure Pulse Hypertension Definition Risk factors Circulatory shock Cardiogenic shock Hypovolemic shock Neurogenic shock Anaphylactic shock Septic shock ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 16 Lymphatic system and immunity Language of science Language of medicine Lymphatic system Organization of the lymphatic system Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphedema Lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Location Biological filtration Thymus Tonsils Spleen Lymphoma Immune system Function of the immune system Innate immunity Overview Inflammatory response Adaptive immunity Overview Types of adaptive immunity Immune system molecules Cytokines Antibodies Definition Functions Complement proteins Immune system cells Phagocytes Lymphocytes Natural killer cells B cells Development of B cells Function of B cells T cells Development of T cells Functions of T cells Hypersensitivity of the immune system Allergy Autoimmunity Alloimmunity Immune system deficiency Congenital immune deficiency Acquired immune deficiency ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 17 Respiratory system Language of science Language of medicine Structural plan Overview Respiratory tract Respiratory mucosa Structure Function Upper respiratory tract Nose Pharynx Larynx Disorders of the upper respiratory tract Upper respiratory infection Anatomical disorders Lower respiratory tract Trachea Bronchial tree Alveoli Respiratory distress Infant respiratory distress Adult respiratory distress Lungs Pleurae Disorders of the lower respiratory tract Lower respiratory infection Restrictive pulmonary disorders Obstructive pulmonary disorders Lung cancer Respiration Pulmonary ventilation Mechanics of breathing Inspiration Expiration Pulmonary volumes Regulation of ventilation Homeostasis of blood gases Brainstem control of respiration Cerebral cortex control of respiration Respiratory reflexes Chemoreflexes Pulmonary stretch reflexes Breathing patterns Gas exchange and transport Pulmonary gas exchange Systemic gas exchange Blood transportation of gases Transport of oxygen Transport of carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbaminohemoglobin Bicarbonate ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 18 Digestive system Language of science Language of medicine Overview of digestion Wall of the digestive tract Mouth Structure of the oral cavity Teeth Types of teeth Typical tooth Salivary glands Disorders of the mouth Cancer Dental conditions Infection Congenital defects Pharynx Structure Function Esophagus Structure and function Reflux Hiatal hernia Stomach Structure Function Disorders of the stomach Signs and symptoms Pyloric conditions Gastric ulcer Stomach cancer Small intestine Structure Function Disorders of the small intestine Liver and gallbladder Structure Function Disorders of the liver and gallbladder Gallstones and jaundice Hepatitis Cirrhosis Pancreas Structure and function Disorders of the pancreas Large intestine Structure Function Disorders of the large intestine Motility disorders Inflammatory conditions Colorectal cancer Appendix Structure and function Appendicitis Peritoneum Location Extensions Peritonitis Ascites Digestion Overview of digestions Enzymes and chemical digestion Carbohydrate digestion Protein digestion Lipid digestion End products of digestion Absorption Mechanisms of absorption Surface area and absorption ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 19 Nutrition and metabolism Language of science Language of medicine Metabolic function of the liver Macronutrients Dietary sources of nutrients Carbohydrate metabolism Glucose catabolism ATP Anabolism Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Fat metabolism Protein metabolism Micronutrients Vitamins Overview of vitamins Vitamin imbalances Minerals Regulating food intake Metabolic rates Metabolic and eating disorders Metabolic imbalances Eating disorders Anorexia nervosa Bulimia Obesity Protein-calorie malnutrition Body temperature Thermoregulation Abnormal body temperature Fever Malignant hyperthermia Heat exhaustion Heatstroke Hypothermia Frostbite ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 20 Urinary system Language of science Language of medicine Kidneys Location of the kidneys Gross structure of the kidney External anatomy Internal anatomy Microscopic structure of the kidney Overview of kidney function Formation of urine Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Summary of urine formation Control of urine volume Antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic hormone Abnormalities of urine volume Elimination of urine Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Micturition Abnormalities of urine output Urinalysis Renal and urinary disorders Obstructive disorders Renal calculi Tumors Urinary tract infections Urethritis Cystitis Pyelonephritis Glomerular disorders Nephrotic syndrome Acute glomerulonephritis Chronic glomerulonephritis Kidney failure Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 21 Fluid and electrolyte balance Language of science Language of medicine Body fluid volumes Body fluid compartments Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid Mechanisms that maintain fluid balance Overview of fluid balance Regulation of fluid output Routes of fluid output ADH mechanism Aldosterone mechanism ANH mechanism Regulation of fluid intake Exchange of fluids by blood Fluid imbalances Dehydration Overhydration Importance of electrolytes in body fluids Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes Ions Electrolyte functions Electrolyte imbalances Homeostasis of electrolytes Sodium imbalance Potassium imbalance Calcium imbalance ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 22 Acid-base balance Language of science Language of medicine pH of body fluids Using the pH scale The pH unit Mechanisms that control pH of body fluids Overview of pH control mechanisms Integration of pH control Buffers Respiratory mechanism of pH control Urinary mechanism of pH control pH imbalances Acidosis and alkalosis Metabolic and respiratory disturbances Compensation for pH imbalances ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 23 Reproductive systems Language of science Language of medicine Sexual reproduction Producing offspring Male and female systems Male reproductive system Structural plan Reproductive tract Essential organs Accessory organs Testes Structure and location Testis functions Spermatogenesis Sperm Production of testosterone Reproductive ducts Overview Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct and urethra Accessory glands Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands External genitals Disorders of the male reproductive system Infertility and sterility Disorders of the testes Reduced sperm production Cryptorchidism Testicular cancer Disorders of the prostate Benign prostatic hypertrophy Prostate cancer Disorders of the penis and scrotum Penis disorders Infection, cancer, and structural disorders Erectile dysfunction Scrotum disorders Female reproductive system Structural plan Essential organs Accessory organs Ovaries Structure and location Ovary functions Oogenesis Production of estrogen and progesterone Reproductive ducts Overview Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina Accessory glands Vestibular glands Breasts External genitals Menstrual cycle Overview Phases Ovulation Control of the menstrual cycle Disorders of the female reproductive system Hormonal and menstrual disorders Dysmenorrhea Amenorrhea Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Premenstrual syndrome Infection and inflammation Infections Pelvic inflammatory disease Vaginitis Tumors and related conditions Benign uterine tumors Ovarian cysts Endometriosis Cancer Breast cancer Ovarian cancer Uterine cancer Infertility Summary of male and female reproductive systems Sexually transmitted diseases ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 24 Growth, development, and aging Language of science Language of medicine Prenatal period Fertilization to implantation Amniotic cavity and placenta Periods of development Formation of the primary germ layers Histogenesis and organogenesis Birth Parturition Stages of labor Multiple births Disorders of pregnancy Implantation disorders Preeclampsia Gestational diabetes Fetal death Birth defects Postpartum disorders Postnatal period Growth, development, and aging Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Older adulthood Aging Mechanisms of aging Effects of aging Skin Skeletal system Central nervous system Special senses Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Urinary system Reproductive systems ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning CHAPTER 25 Genetics and genetic diseases Language of science Language of medicine Genetics and human disease Chromosomes and genes Mechanisms of gene function Human genome Distribution of chromosomes to offspring Gene expression Hereditary traits Gene pairs Dominance and recessiveness Codominance Sex-linked traits Genetic mutations Genetic diseases Mechanisms of genetic disease Role of genes in disease Single-gene mechanisms Epigenetics Chromosomal mechanisms Single-gene diseases Cystic fibrosis Phenylketonuria Tay-Sachs disease Epigenetic conditions Chromosomal diseases Trisomy 21 XXY XO Prevention and treatment of genetic diseases Genetic counseling Pedigree Punnett square Karyotype Treating genetic diseases Treating symptoms Gene therapy Gene replacement Gene augmentation RNA interference Potential of gene therapy ❑ Outline summary ❑ Active learning APPENDIX A Examples of pathological conditions APPENDIX B Medical terminology Hints for learning and using medical terms APPENDIX C Clinical and laboratory values Conversion factors to international system of units (SI units) Glossary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Illustration/photo credits Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Clear view of the human body Introduction Hints for using the clear view of the body Key Tips and shortcuts for surviving and succeeding in A&P The Human Body in Health & Disease - Softcover, Seventh Edition (2018) 850pp. 978-0-323-40211-8