خانه روتشیلد در اسپانیا، ۱۸۱۲-۱۹۴۱ (مطالعاتی در تاریخ بانکداری و مالی)

Amongst the serried ranks of capitalists who drove European industrialisation in the nineteenth century, the Rothschilds where amongst the most dynamic and the most successful. Establishing businesses in Germany, Britain, France, Austria, and Italy the family soon became leading financiers, bankrolling a host of private and government businesses ventures. In so doing they played a major role in fuelling economic and industrial development across Europe, providing capital for major projects, particularly in the mining and railway sectors. Nowhere was this more apparent than in Spain, where for more than a century the House of Rothschild was one of the primary motors of Spanish economic development.Yet, despite the undoubted importance of the Rothschild's role, questions still remain regarding the actual impact of these financial activities and the effect they had on financial sectors, companies and Spanish markets. It is to such questions that this book turns its attention, utilising a host of archive sources in Britain, France and Spain to fully analyse the investments and financial activities carried out by the Rothschild House in Spain during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In so doing the book tackles a variety of interrelated issues: Firstly, fixing the period when the main capital entries sprung from the initiatives taken by the Rothschild family, how consequential they really were, and the sectors they affected. Secondly, quantifying the importance of these investments and financial activities and the weight they had on financial sectors, companies and Spanish markets, as well as in foreign investment in each period. Thirdly, outlining the steps followed and means used by the Rothschild House in order to achieve the success in each of their businesses. Finally, analysing the consequences of this phenomenon in the actual growth of Spanish contemporary economy, both in a general and in a partial scale. By exploring these crucial questions, not only do we learn much more about the working of one of the leading financial institutions and the development of the Spanish economy, but a greater understanding of the broader impact of international finance and the flow of capital in the nineteenth century is achieved. Amongst the ranks of capitalists who drove European industrialization in the 19th century, the Rothschilds were amongst the most dynamic and the most successful. Whilst their business interests were of a global nature, this book explores the specific case of Spain, where the House of Rothschild had extensive investments. Amongst the serried ranks of capitalists who drove European industrialisation in the nineteenth century, the Rothschilds were amongst the most dynamic and the most successful. Establishing businesses in Germany, Britain, France, Austria, and Italy the family soon became leading financiers, bankrolling a host of private and government businesses ventures. In so doing they played a major role in fuelling economic and industrial development across Europe, providing capital for major projects, particularly in the mining and railway sectors. Nowhere was this more apparent than in Spain, where for more than a century the House of Rothschild was one of the primary motors of Spanish economic development. Yet, despite the undoubted importance of the Rothschild's role, questions still remain regarding the actual impact of these financial activities and the effect they had on financial sectors, companies and Spanish markets. It is to such questions that this book turns its attention, utilising a host of archive sources in Britain, France and Spain to fully analyse the investments and financial activities carried out by the Rothschild House in Spain during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In so doing the book tackles a variety of interrelated issues: Firstly, fixing the period when the main capital entries sprung from the initiatives taken by the Rothschild family, how consequential they really were, and the sectors they affected. Secondly, quantifying the importance of these investments and financial activities and the weight they had on financial sectors, companies and Spanish markets, as well as in foreign investment in each period. Thirdly, outlining the steps followed and means used by the Rothschild House in order to achieve the success in each of their businesses. Finally, analysing the consequences of this phenomenon in the actual growth of Spanish contemporary economy, both in a general and in a partial scale. By exploring these crucial questions, not only do we learn much more about the working of one of the leading financial institutions and the development of the Spanish economy, but a greater understanding of the broader impact of international finance and the flow of capital in the nineteenth century is achieved Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Figures and Illustrations 8 List of Tables 12 Metric and Monetary Equivalents 14 Abbreviations 16 Prologue to the English Edition 18 Introduction 20 1 Early Contacts and Failed Attempts to Set Up in Spain, 1812–1833 26 2 Liberalism, Corruption and War Finances, 1833–1840 54 3 The Contradictions of Peace 90 4 Financing the Railways 120 5 Years of Financial Euphoria and Crisis, 1856–1868 144 6 The Great Operations of the Sexenio 190 7 The Rothschilds’ Waning Importance in Public Finances, 1874–1900 233 8 The Industrial Investments, 1874–1913 255 9 The First Symptoms of the End of an Investment Model 299 10 The Slow Journey towards the End of the Rothschild Investments in Spain 341 11 Fundamentals of the Rothschilds’ Activities in Spain 389 12 The Consequences of the Rothschild Years, 1812–1941 425 Appendices 449 Bibliography 453 Index 479 Introduction Early contacts and failed attempts to set up in Spain : 1812-1833 Liberalism, corruption, and war finances (1833-1840) The contradictions of peace: financial problems of the state and the first moves towards modernity (1840-1855) Financing the railways 1856-1868 : years of financial euphoria and of crisis The great operations of the Sexenio The waning preponderance in public finances, 1874-1900 The industrial investments (1874-1913) The first symptoms of the end of an investment model The slow journey towards the end of the investments in Spain Fundaments of the Rothschilds' activities in Spain The consequences of it all Index. Amongst the ranks of capitalists who drove European industrialisation in the nineteenth century, the Rothschilds where amongst the most dynamic and the most successful. Whilst their business interests were of a global nature, this book explores the specific case of Spain, where the House of Rothschild had extensive investments.