The Holocaust : Europe, the world, and the Jews, 1918-1945

"The second edition of this book frames the Holocaust as a catastrophe emerging from varied international responses to the Jewish question during an age of global crisis and war. The chapters are arranged chronologically, thematically, and geographically, reflecting how persecution, responses, and experience varied over time and place, conveying a sense of the Holocaust's complexity. Fully updated, this edition incorporates the past decade's scholarship concerning perpetrators, victims, and bystanders from political, national, and gendered perspectives. It also frames the Holocaust within the broader genocide perspective and within current debates on memory politics and causation. Global in approach and supported by images, maps, diverse voices, and suggestions for further reading, this is the ideal textbook for students of this catastrophic period in world history"-- Provided by publisher Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Figures List of Maps Preface Acknowledgments A Note on Place Names 1 The Jewish Question to Modern Times Jews and Christians in the Ancient World Ashkenazic Jewry in the Middle Ages Emancipation and Acculturation in Western Europe The Pale of Settlement Modern Antisemitism 2 A People Apart: World War I and Its Aftermath World War I and the Embrace of Mass Violence Germany’s Defeat and the Early Weimar Republic Eastern Europe’s Jews Zionism between the Wars Other Destinations 3 Nazism and the Racial State Adolf Hitler’s Early Years Hitler and the Jewish Enemy How the Nazis Came to Power The Police State 4 Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933–1939 Germans and Jews Anti-Jewish Measures, 1933–1935 Readying for War The Nazi Effect in Eastern Europe Kristallnacht 5 No Safe Haven: The World and the Jewish Question, 1933–1939 Jewish Responses to Persecution Palestine, the Arab Revolt, and the White Paper The Jewish Question on the World Stage Desperation: The Évian Conference and After The Vatican and the Jewish Question 6 The Assault on Poland’s Jews, 1939–1941 The Nazi Assault on Poland Schemes for Jewish Reservations Ghettoization in Poland Jewish Councils The Joint, Aleynhilf, and the Underground 7 Western Europe, the War, and the Jews, 1939–1941 Jews in the Reich, 1939–1941 The Jews of Western Europe, 1940–1941 Was Escape Still Possible? Palestine Was Escape Still Possible? The Americas and Asia 8 Transitions to Systematic Killing, 1940–1941 Murdering Germany’s Disabled Hungary and Romania as German Allies The Destruction of Yugoslavia 9 “War of Extermination”: The Campaign in the USSR, 1941 Preparing Mass Murder Jews in the USSR on the Eve of Barbarossa The Onslaught: Pogroms The Onslaught: Systematic Shooting Romania’s War in the USSR 10 The Holocaust in the USSR: The Jewish Response, 1941–1944 Jewish Reactions: Recognition and Survival Varieties of Jewish Leadership The Soviet State and the Holocaust Jewish Resistance in the USSR 11 The Destruction of Poland’s Jews, 1942–1943 The Decision to Kill Europe’s Jews Aktion Reinhard Deportations The Warsaw Ghetto Rising The End of Aktion Reinhard 12 Auschwitz and The Terrible Secret, 1941–1943 Auschwitz What the Allies Knew To the Bermuda Conference 13 The Final Solution in Western Europe, 1942–1944 The Destruction of the Reich’s Jews The Jews of Western Europe: Deportation Countering the Holocaust in Western Europe 14 Rescue: The Final Solution Interrupted, 1942–1943 The Nazis and the Jews of the Middle East The Germans, the Japanese, and the Shanghai Ghetto Rescue in the North Italy and the Final Solution The Silence of the Vatican 15 Hitler’s Southeastern Allies and the Hungarian Jewish Catastrophe, 1942–1944 Romania Reconsiders The Survival of Bulgaria’s Jews Hungary, the War, and the Jews Jewish Leaders and the Hungarian Catastrophe The Allies and the Jews of Southeast Europe 16 The Reich’s Destruction and the Jews, 1944–1945 Auschwitz: The Final Act Budapest under the Arrow Cross From Evacuations to Death Marches Himmler’s Bargains and the Reich’s Destruction 17 Legacies: 1945 to the Present Refugees Justice Germany and Holocaust Memory Holocaust Memory in Europe Jewish Memorialization Starting Points for Further Reading—Works in English Index