The History and Archaeology of Phoenicia (Archaeology and Biblical Studies) (Archaeology and Biblical Studies, 25)

An insightful historical account of Phoenicia that illustrates its cities, culture, and daily life Hélène Sader presents the history and archaeology of Phoenicia based on the available contemporary written sources and the results of archaeological excavations in Phoenicia proper. Sader explores the origin of the term Phoenicia ; the political and geographical history of the city-states Arwad, Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre; and topography, climate, and natural resources of the Phoenician homeland. Her limited focus on Phoenicia proper, in contrast to previous studies that included information from Phoenician colonies, presents the bare realities of the opportunities and difficulties shaping Phoenician life. Sader's evaluation and synthesis of the evidence offers a corrective to the common assumption of a unified Phoenician kingdom. Features Historical as well as modern maps with the locations of all relevant archaeological sites Faunal and floral analyses that shed light on the Phoenician diet Petrographic analysis of pottery that sheds light on trading patterns and developments An insightful historical account of Phoenicia that illustrates its cities, culture, and daily life Hlne Sader presents the history and archaeology of Phoenicia based on the available contemporary written sources and the results of archaeological excavations in Phoenicia proper. Sader explores the origin of the term Phoenicia ; the political and geographical history of the city-states Arwad, Byblos, Sidon, and Tyre; and topography, climate, and natural resources of the Phoenician homeland. Her limited focus on Phoenicia proper, in contrast to previous studies that included information from Phoenician colonies, presents the bare realities of the opportunities and difficulties shaping Phoenician life. Saders evaluation and synthesis of the evidence offers a corrective to the common assumption of a unified Phoenician kingdom. Features Historical as well as modern maps with the locations of all relevant archaeological sites Faunal and floral analyses that shed light on the Phoenician diet Petrographic analysis of pottery that sheds light on trading patterns and developments Hlne Sader is Professor of Archaeology at the American University of Beirut and has directed excavations of Phoenician settlements at Beirut and Tell el-Burak. Sader is the author of Les tats Aramens de Syrie depuis leur Fondation jusqu leur Transformation en Provinces Assyriennes (1987) and Iron Age Funerary Stelae from Lebanon (2005). "This book draws on written sources and archaeological excavations to present the history and archaeology of the Iron Age in the land of Phoenicia. Sader draws on archaeological evidence from Phoenicia proper without filling in gaps with information from the Phoenician colonies in order to present an insightful picture of Phoenicia that illustrates its cities, culture, and the daily life of Phoenician culture"-- Provided by publisher Contents 6 Abbreviations 8 Preface 12 1 Introduction 18 2 Phoenicia in Iron Age I 50 3 Phoenicia in Iron Age II and III 68 4 Phoenician Culture 164 5 Phoenician Religion 198 6 Phoenicia’s Economy 266 Conclusion 330 Bibliography 334 Ancient Sources Index 380 Personal Names Index 382 Place Names Index 386 Modern Authors Index 394