The handbook of culture and biology

A comprehensive guide to empirical and theoretical research advances in culture and biology interplay Culture and biology are considered as two domains of equal importance and constant coevolution, although they have traditionally been studied in isolation. The Handbook of Culture and Biology is a comprehensive resource that focuses on theory and research in culture and biology interplay. This emerging field centers on how these two processes have evolved together, how culture, biology, and environment influence each other, and how they shape behavior, cognition, and development among humans and animals across multiple levels, types, timeframes, and domains of analysis. The text provides an overview of current empirical and theoretical advances in culture and biology interplay research through the work of some of the most influential scholars in the field. Harnessing insights from a range of disciplines (e.g., biology, neuroscience, primatology, psychology) and research methods (experiments, genetic epidemiology, naturalistic observations, neuroimaging), it explores diverse topics including animal culture, cultural genomics, and neurobiology of cultural experiences. The authors also advance the field by discussing key challenges and limitations in current research. The Handbook of Culture and Biology is an important resource that: Gathers related research areas into the single, cohesive field of culture and biology interplay Offers a unique and comprehensive collection from leading and influential scholars Contains information from a wide range of disciplines and research methods Introduces well-validated and coherently articulated conceptual frameworks Written for scholars in the field, this handbook brings together related areas of research and theory that have traditionally been disjointed into the single, cohesive field of culture and biology interplay. Evidence for Supernatural Punishment -- Costly Signals -- Hard-to-Fake Signals and CREDs -- Evidence for Signals -- Evidence and Conclusions -- Culture -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part II Animal Culture -- 4 Introduction to Animal Culture: Is Culture Uniquely Human? -- Criteria for Culture -- Innovation -- Dissemination -- Standardization -- Durability -- Diffusion -- Tradition -- Non-Subsistence -- Naturalness -- Independence of Ecology and Genetics -- Social Learning -- Mechanisms of Cultural Transmission -- Social Tolerance -- Types of Social Learning and Teaching -- Gene-Culture Coevolution and Epigenetics -- Gene-Culture Coevolution -- Epigenetics -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 5 Comparing and Contrasting Primate and Cetacean Culture -- Social Systems, Ecology, and Culture -- Culture in Foraging -- Vocal Communication -- Social, Play, and "Fad" Behaviors -- Social Learning Experiments -- Conclusions and Future Direction -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Cultural Phenomena in Cooperatively Breeding Primates -- Rapid Social Learning -- Imitation -- Food Preferences -- Teaching -- Communication -- Paternal Care -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part III Cultural Genomics -- 7 How Are Genes Related to Culture? An Introduction to the Field of Cultural Genomics -- What Is Cultural Genomics? -- Levels of Analysis of Cultural Genomics -- Types of Gene-Culture-Environment Interplay -- Problems (and Solutions) in Cultural Genomics Research -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 8 Dual Inheritance, Cultural Transmission, and Niche Construction -- Dual-Inheritance Theory -- Cultural Transmission -- Individual Learning -- Social Learning -- Its Not Always One or the Other -- A Simple Map of Learning -- Niche Construction -- Conclusions and Future Directions Defining and Measuring Biological Pathways -- Cardiovascular Function -- Neuroendocrine Function -- Immune Function -- Scope of the Review -- Database Sources and Study Screening -- Data Extraction and Study Characteristics -- Unfair Treatment and Cardiovascular Functioning -- Unfair Treatment and Neuroendocrine Endpoints -- Unfair Treatment and Immune Functioning -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Abbreviations -- References -- 13 Cultural Experiences, Social Ties, and Stress: Focusing on the HPA Axis -- The HPA Axis and the "Stress Hormone" Cortisol -- The HPA Axis and Its Sensitivity to Social Experience -- Cortisol Parameters -- The Broad Reach of Culture and Ethnicity: Key Constructs and Why Culture Matters -- Culture and the HPA Axis -- Acculturation -- Ethnicity -- "Other" Forms of Culture -- Cultural Shaping of the Links between Social Ties and the HPA Axis -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 14 Cultural Influences on Parasympathetic Activity -- Heart Rate Variability: The Wandering Biomarker -- Heart Rate Variability: From Stressor to Brain and Body -- The Paradox of Ethnicity/Race and Heart Rate Variability -- Racism, Discrimination, and Heart Rate Variability -- Socioeconomic Status and HRV -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- 15 Neurobiology of Stress and Drug Use Vulnerability in Culturally Diverse Communities -- What Is Stress? -- Defining Stressors -- Stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis -- Chronic Stress and Drug Use Vulnerability -- Stress and Drug Use in Racially Diverse Communities -- The Black/African-American Community -- The American Indian/Alaskan Native Community -- The Asian Community -- The Latino Community -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part V Cultural Neuroscience -- 16 An Introduction to Cultural Neuroscience Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 How the Study of Religion and Culture Informs Genetics and Vice Versa -- The Study of Culture and Religion in Psychology -- Integrating Culture and Religion with Genetics -- The Heritability of Religiosity and the Behavioral Correlates of Religion -- Gene-Culture Coevolution -- Gene-Environment Interactions -- Implications for Prosocial Behavior -- Implications for Immoral Behavior -- Implications for Coping and Well-Being -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Part IV Cultural Neurobiology -- 10 An Introduction to Cultural Neurobiology: Evidence from Physiological Stress Systems -- Culturally Informed Theory -- Neurobiological Stress Systems -- The ANS -- The HPA Axis -- Immune Markers -- Allostatic Load and Multisystem Approaches -- Evidence of Relations between Culture and Neurobiology -- Perceived Discrimination -- Stereotype Threat -- Ethnic and Racial Identity -- Acculturation -- Family Processes -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Supportive Family Processes -- Biculturalism or Multiculturalism -- Cultural Experiences and Identities for Majority-Group Members -- Additional Biological Markers of Cultural Relevance -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- 11 Relations among Culture, Poverty, Stress, and Allostatic Load -- Allostatic Load: Reconceptualizing the Consequences of Stress -- Poverty and Allostatic Load -- Culture and Allostatic Load -- Mechanisms Underlying Poverty and Allostatic Load: The Influence of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity -- Stress Exposure -- Social and Family Processes -- Parenting Processes -- Social Support -- Self-Regulatory and Coping Processes -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 12 Biological Consequences of Unfair Treatment: A Theoretical and Empirical Review -- Conceptualizing the Role of Unfair Treatment in Health The Handbook of Culture and Biology -- Contents -- Biographical Notes -- Foreword: On Culture and Biology -- References -- Preface: Why Culture and Biology? -- References -- Part I General Issues in Culture and Biology Interplay -- 1 Introduction to Culture and Biology Interplay -- The Field of Culture and Biology Interplay -- Obstacles to the Integration of Culture and Biology -- Principles for the Study of Culture and Biology -- History of Culture and Biology Interplay -- Levels of Culture and Biology Interplay -- Types of Culture and Biology Interplay -- Domains of Culture and Biology Interplay Research -- Animal Culture -- Cultural Genomics -- Cultural Neurobiology -- Cultural Neuroscience -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 Integrating Culture and Biology in Psychological Research: Conceptual Clarifications and Recommendations -- What Is Cultural Psychology? -- On Terminology Used in Cultural Psychology -- On the Supposed Biological Basis of Race and the Justified Skepticism of Culture and Biology Research -- The Path Forward: Recommendations for a Sensible Science of Culture and Biology -- Assess the Psychological Process Underlying Group Differences -- Clue in to the Myriad Discussions of Methods Reforms in the Wake of the "Reproducibility Crisis" -- Be Especially Attentive to Effect Sizes versus p-Values -- Be Skeptical of "Established" Measures of Culture -- These Issues Are Not Limited to Culture and Biology -- Check Assumptions, Break Barriers, and Seek Collaboration -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- 3 Understanding Religion from Cultural and Biological Perspectives -- Where Religions Come From -- Supernatural Agents -- Anthropomorphism -- Theory of Mind -- Evidence and Conclusions -- From Byproducts to Adaptive Religion -- Supernatural Punishment What Is Cultural Neuroscience? -- Why Study Cultural Neuroscience? -- Key Terms and Methods -- Measuring the Brain -- Key Terms for Regions of the Brain in Cultural Neuroscience -- Defining Culture -- Measuring and Manipulating Cultural Constructs of Interest -- Making Cross-Cultural Comparisons -- Behavioral and Neural Findings -- Suggestions for Steps in Designing a Study -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 17 Neurobiological Causes and Consequences of Cultural Differences in Social Cognition -- How Do Environmental Factors Influence Cultural Ideologies? The Parasite Stress Theory of Sociality -- What Nudges Culturally Consistent Interpretations of the Social World? -- Priming Hypothesis -- How Does Cultural Background Influence How We Remember the Social World? -- Consolidation Hypothesis -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 18 Culture and Self-Other Overlap in Neural Circuits -- Self-Representation -- Positive Views of the Self and Others -- Empathy -- Vicarious Reward and Loss -- Motor Resonance -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 19 Developmental Cultural Neuroscience: Progress and Prospect -- What Is Developmental Cultural Neuroscience? -- Why Study Developmental Cultural Neuroscience? -- Framework of Developmental Cultural Neuroscience -- Culturally Rooted Social Practices Affect Childrens Brain Development -- Culturally Shaped Brain Processes Underlie Childrens Real-Life Functioning -- Progress -- Race Perception -- Family Relationships -- Cultural Stereotypes of Adolescence -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Index -- EULA Research into the links between culture and biology has the potential to transform our understanding of the role of nature and nurture in shaping evolution, adaptation, and development. For researchers in this area, culture and biology are two domains of equal importance and constant coevolution.