The guarded gate : bigotry, eugenics, and the law that kept two generations of Jews, Italians, and other European immigrants out of America

NAMED ONE OF THE "100 NOTABLE BOOKS OF THE YEAR" BY THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW "An extraordinary book, I can't recommend it highly enough." –Whoopi Goldberg, The View By the widely celebrated New York Times bestselling author of Last Call —the powerful, definitive, and timely account of how the rise of eugenics helped America close the immigration door to "inferiors" in the 1920s. A forgotten, dark chapter of American history with implications for the current day, The Guarded Gate tells the story of the scientists who argued that certain nationalities were inherently inferior, providing the intellectual justification for the harshest immigration law in American history. Brandished by the upper class Bostonians and New Yorkers—many of them progressives—who led the anti-immigration movement, the eugenic arguments helped keep hundreds of thousands of Jews, Italians, and other unwanted groups out of the US for more than 40 years. Over five years in the writing, The Guarded Gate tells the complete story from its beginning in 1895, when Henry Cabot Lodge and other Boston Brahmins launched their anti-immigrant campaign. In 1921, Vice President Calvin Coolidge declared that "biological laws" had proven the inferiority of southern and eastern Europeans; the restrictive law was enacted three years later. In his characteristic style, both lively and authoritative, Okrent brings to life the rich cast of characters from this time, including Lodge's closest friend, Theodore Roosevelt; Charles Darwin's first cousin, Francis Galton, the idiosyncratic polymath who gave life to eugenics; the fabulously wealthy and profoundly bigoted Madison Grant, founder of the Bronx Zoo, and his best friend, H. Fairfield Osborn, director of the American Museum of Natural History; Margaret Sanger, who saw eugenics as a sensible adjunct to her birth control campaign; and Maxwell Perkins, the celebrated editor of Hemingway and Fitzgerald. A work of history relevant for today, The Guarded Gate is an important, insightful tale that painstakingly connects the American eugenicists to the rise of Nazism, and shows how their beliefs found fertile soil in the minds of citizens and leaders both here and abroad. From Pulitzer Prize Finalist Daniel Okrent, The Definitive And Timely Account Of A Forgotten Dark Chapter Of American History. The Guarded Gate Tells The Story Of The Scientists Who Provided The Intellectual Justification For The Harshest Immigration Law In American History And The Men Who Turned Their 'science' Into Politics. Brandished By The Upper-class Bostonians And New Yorkers--many Of Them Progressives--who Led The Anti-immigration Movement, Eugenicist Arguments Ranking The Presumed Genetic Virtue Of Various Ethnic Groups Helped Keep Hundreds Of Thousands Of Jews, Italians, And Other Unwanted Groups Out Of The United States For More Than Forty Years. In The Early 1890s, Henry Cabot Lodge And Other Boston Brahmins Began A Three-decade Campaign To Close The Immigration Door. By 1921, The Wide Acceptance Of Eugenic Doctrine Enabled Vice President Calvin Coolidge To Declare That 'biological Laws' Had Proven The Inferiority Of Southern And Eastern Europeans; The Restrictive Law T Hat Remained U.s. Policy Until 1965 Was Enacted Three Years Later. In His Characteristic Lively And Authoritative Style, Daniel Okrent Brings To Life The Rich Cast Of Characters: Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge's Closest Friend, Who Feared 'race Suicide'; Charles Darwin's First Cousin Francis Galton, The Idiosyncratic Polymath Who Gave Life To Eugenics; Madison Grant, The Fabulously Wealthy And Profoundly Bigoted Founder Of The Bronx Zoo; Grant's Best Friend, H. Fairfield Osborn, The Aggressively Anti-semitic Director Of The American Museum Of Natural History; Margaret Sanger, Who Saw Eugenics As A Sensible Adjunct To Her Birth Control Campaign; Maxwell Perkins, The Celebrated Editor Of Fitzgerald And Hemingway, Who Also Published The Leading Proponents Of 'scientific Racism.' A Work Of History Relevant For Today, The Guarded Gate Is An Important, Insightful Tale That Painstakingly Connects The Work Of The American Eugenicists To Nazi Racial Policies And Shows How Their Beliefs Found Fertile ^soil In The Minds Of Citizens And Leaders Both Here And Abroad.--dust Jacket. Prologue: Ellis Island, 1925 ; Part I: Enough! Enough! We Want No More!. The Future Betterment Of The Human Race ; Thrifty, Capable Yankee Blood ; The Warfare Of The Cradle ; The Kindled Fire ; Short, Sober, Musical Rapists ; To Hell With Jews, Jesuits, And Steamships! -- Part Ii: The Perfect Weapons Of Science. Heaven-sent Madison Grant ; A Carnival Of Exclusion ; The Coming Of The Quota ; Science Is Our Polestar ; 6,346,856 Inferior Immigrants ; Without Foundation ; The Train Of Consequences -- Epilogue: Liberty Island, 1965. Daniel Okrent. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 433-451) And Index. **By the widely celebrated __New York Times__ bestselling author of __Last Call__—the powerful, definitive, and timely account of how the rise of eugenics helped America close the immigration door to "inferiors" in the 1920s.**A forgotten, dark chapter of American history with implications for the current day, tells the story of the scientists who argued that certain nationalities were inherently inferior, providing the intellectual justification for the harshest immigration law in American history. Brandished by the upper class Bostonians and New Yorkers—many of them progressives—who led the anti-immigration movement, the eugenic arguments helped keep hundreds of thousands of Jews, Italians, and other unwanted groups out of the US for more than 40 years. Over five years in the writing, tells the complete story from its beginning in 1895, when Henry Cabot Lodge and other Boston Brahmins... Eugenicist arguments ranking the presumed genetic virtue of various ethnic groups helped keep hundreds of thousands of Jews, Italians, and other unwanted groups out of the United States for more than forty years. By 1921 Vice President Calvin Coolidge declared that 'biological laws' had proven the inferiority of southern and eastern Europeans; the restrictive law that remained U.S. policy until 1965 was enacted three years later. Okrent connects the work of the American eugenicists to Nazi racial policies and shows how their beliefs found fertile soil in the minds of citizens and leaders both here and abroad. -- adapted from jacket