The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: An Insight on Managed and Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems (Environmental Science and Engineering)

The book addresses in a comprehensive way the full greenhouse gases budget of the Italian landscape, focusing on land use and terrestrial ecosystems. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of terrestrial ecosystems with regard to the carbon cycle and only recently a regional approach has been considered for its specificity in terms of new methodologies for observations and models and its relevance for national policies on mitigation and adaptation to climate changes. In terms of methods this book describes the role of℗ℓ flux networks and data-driven models, airborne regional measurements of fluxes and specific sectoral approaches related to important components of the human and natural landscapes. There is also a growing need on the part of institutions, agencies and policy stakeholders for new data and analyses enabling them to improve their national inventories of greenhouse gases and their compliance℗ℓ with the UNFCCC process. In this respect the data presented is a basis for a full carbon accounting and available to relevant stakeholders for improvements and/or verification of national inventories. The wealth of research information is the result of a national project, CARBOITALY, which involved 15 Italian institutions and several researchers to provide new data and analyses in the framework of climate policies The book addresses in a comprehensive way the full greenhouse gases budget of the Italian landscape, focusing on land use and terrestrial ecosystems. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of terrestrial ecosystems with regard to the carbon cycle and only recently a regional approach has been considered for its specificity in terms of new methodologies for observations and models and its relevance for national policies on mitigation and adaptation to climate changes. In terms of methods this book describes the role of℗l flux networks and data-driven models, airborne regional measurements of fluxes and specific sectoral approaches related to important components of the human and natural landscapes. There is also a growing need on the part of institutions, agencies and policy stakeholders for new data and analyses enabling them to improve their national inventories of greenhouse gases and their compliance℗l with the UNFCCC process. In this respect the data presented is a basis for a full carbon accounting and available to relevant stakeholders for improvements and/or verification of national inventories. The wealth of research information is the result of a national project, CARBOITALY, which involved 15 Italian institutions and several researchers to provide new data and analyses in the framework of climate policies Front Matter....Pages i-viii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: A Synthesis....Pages 3-10 Carbon, Water and Energy Fluxes of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Italy....Pages 11-45 Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions....Pages 47-57 Front Matter....Pages 59-59 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystem: An Inventory Approach....Pages 61-70 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystems: A Modeling Based Approach....Pages 71-85 Emissions from Forest Fires: Methods of Estimation and National Results....Pages 87-102 Carbon Losses Due to Wood Harvesting and the Role of Wood Products....Pages 103-115 Front Matter....Pages 117-117 Soil Carbon Stocks and Fluxes....Pages 119-133 N 2 O Emission Factors for Italian Crops....Pages 135-144 Cropland and Grassland Management....Pages 145-156 Front Matter....Pages 157-157 The Role of Vineyards in the Carbon Balance Throughout Italy....Pages 159-171 Afforestation and Reforestation: The Sicilian Case Study....Pages 173-184 Afforestation and Reforestation: The Friuli Venezia Giulia Case Study....Pages 185-193 Trying to Link Vegetation Units with Biomass Data: The Case Study of Italian Shrublands....Pages 195-211 2.4.1 Quality Criteria and Data Selection2.4.2 Relationships Between Carbon Uptake Period Duration and Annual Net Ecosystem Exchange; 2.4.3 Analysis of the Relationship Between Annual NEE and Climate Variables; 2.5 Conclusions; 2.6 The Big Effort of Maintaining the Network and Acknowledgments; References; 3 Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions ; Abstract ; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Model Description and Its Main Properties; 3.3 Results Provided by the Model and Validation; 3.4 Conclusions; References; Part II Forests; 4 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystem: An Inventory Approach 6 Emissions from Forest Fires: Methods of Estimation and National Results Abstract ; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Quantification of Forest Fire Emissions and Uncertainty Sources; 6.3 Description of Emission Factors for GHGs; 6.4 Fire Emissions Modelling; 6.5 Fire Emission Historical Trends and Future Scenarios; 6.5.1 CO and CO2 Historical Trends; 6.5.2 Fire Emission Amount and Spatial Distribution; 6.5.3 21st Century Scenarios; 6.6 Conclusions; References; 7 Carbon Losses Due to Wood Harvesting and the Role of Wood Products ; Abstract ; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Forest Harvesting in Italy 2.2.10 Lavarone (IT-Lav)2.2.11 Lecceto (IT-Lec); 2.2.12 Malga Arpaco (IT-Mal); 2.2.13 Monte Bondone (IT-MBo); 2.2.14 Negrisia (IT-Neg); 2.2.15 Noè (IT-Noe); 2.2.16 Nonantola (IT-Non); 2.2.17 Parco Ticino (IT-PT1); 2.2.18 Pianosa (IT-Pia); 2.2.19 Roccarespampani Forest (IT-Ro1 and IT-Ro2); 2.2.20 Roccarespampani Crops (IT-Ro3 and IT-Ro4); 2.2.21 Renon (IT-Ren); 2.2.22 San Rossore (IT-SRo); 2.2.23 Tolfa (IT-Tol); 2.2.24 Torgnon (IT-Tor); 2.2.25 Valle dell'Adige (IT-VdA); 2.2.26 Vigevano (IT-Vig); 2.3 Example of Measurements; 2.4 Analysis of Climate-Carbon NEE Interactions Abstract 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Building Up a Consistent Time Series by Integration of Land Use and Forest Inventory; 4.2.1 IUTI Land Use Inventory; 4.2.2 ISCI Carbon Stock Inventory; 4.3 Conclusions; References; 5 The Role of Managed Forest Ecosystems: A Modeling Based Approach ; Abstract ; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Carbon Budget Estimation of the Italian Forests: Ecosystem Models Approach; 5.2.1 Estimation of Italian Forest NPP. C-Fix and BIOME-BGC Integration Model; 5.2.2 Estimation of Italian Forest NPP. the 3-PG Model; 5.3 Conclusions; References This wide-ranging assessment of the data from Italy's national CARBOITALY project to measure the greenhouse gas 'accounts' of the country's landscape provides fresh information and analysis that will provide an empirical foundation to policy making on climate