The Great Urban Transition: Landscape and Environmental Changes from Siberia, Shanghai, to Saigon (Landscape Series, 34)

This monograph examines the (sub)urbanization process of seven transitional economies in Southeast, East, and North Asia (SENA), i.e., Siberia of Russia in North Asia, China and Mongolia in East Asia, and Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam in Southeast Asia. In ten chapters, great urban transformation occurred in SENA is discussed, as well as the transitional period which aggravated urban environments in SENA cities and how ‘institutional shift,’ enabled by movements of urban residents and transitional urban governance, may facilitate the process and improve the urban environmental condition. This book includes land cover and land use data derived from satellite images over the past thirty years and intensive field research in more than thirty cities exploring the rise of these great cities and their environmental challenges. Unlike in western countries, the current urbanization process in Asian transitional economies is a hybrid product of marketlogic and state legacy and intervention, with these influences sometimes conflicting and at other times enhancing each other, under intensified globalization. This book is of interest to researchers and students interested in landscape, urban studies, environment studies in particularly Asia, as well as planners and policy makers. The Great Urban Transition Landscape and Environmental Changes from Siberia, Shanghai, to Saigon Copyright Preface Acknowledgements of Permissions Acknowledgements Contents Part I: Introduction Chapter 1: Why Study Urbanization in Southeast, East, and North Asia (SENA)? 1.1 The Scope 1.2 Study Area 1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis 1.4 The Structure of the Book References Chapter 2: Research Design 2.1 Theoretical Foundations 2.1.1 Urbanization 2.1.2 Urban Environmental Changes 2.2 Conceptual Framework 2.3 Data and Analysis 2.3.1 Indices, Modeling and Analysis 2.3.2 Hypothesis Testing References Part II: Land and Population Chapter 3: Urban Land Transition 3.1 Uneven Land Transition Across SENA Countries 3.2 Urban Land Expansion in 21 Case Cities in SENA 3.3 Land Transition in Lanzhou, North Asia, and Vietnam 3.4 A Glimpse of Suburban Landscapes in Shanghai 3.4.1 Industrial Suburbanization 3.4.2 Commercial Suburbanization 3.4.3 College Towns 3.4.4 Parks and Recreational Spaces 3.5 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Urban Population Dynamics 4.1 Rapid Urban Population Growth in SENA 4.2 Population Dynamics of the Case cities 4.3 High and Growing Urban Population Density 4.4 Population Settlements: Gated Communities and Informal Settlements 4.4.1 Gated Communities 4.4.2 Informal Settlements 4.5 Conclusion References Chapter 5: Urban Air Pollution 5.1 Global Context of Air Pollution 5.2 Urban Air Pollution in SENA 5.3 North Asia: Air Pollution Increasingly Concerned 5.4 East Asia: Severe Air Pollution and Getting Worse 5.4.1 China: Dynamics and Drivers of Urban Air Pollution 5.4.2 Air Quality Monitoring in China 5.4.3 Mongolia 5.5 Southeast Asia: Increasing Air Pollution 5.6 Discussion: Temporal and Intra-City Spatial Variation 5.6.1 Temporal Variation 5.6.2 Intra-City Spatial Variation 5.7 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Urban Green Space 6.1 Green Space Provision for Cities Across the Globe 6.2 Green Space in North Asian Cities: Preservation and Conversion 6.2.1 Russia 6.2.2 Yekaterinburg 6.2.3 Irkutsk 6.3 Green Space in East Asian Cities: Decline in UB vs. Rise in Chinese Cities 6.3.1 Mongolia 6.3.2 China 6.4 Southeast Asia 6.5 Discussion: Environmental Impacts and Accessibility of Urban Green Space 6.5.1 Urban Heat Islands 6.5.2 PM2.5 Mitigation 6.5.3 Accessibility 6.6 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Governing the Land 7.1 Changing Institutions: From Central to Local, from Global to Regional 7.1.1 Household Registration 7.1.2 Development Policies at Different Spatial Levels 7.1.3 The Rise of the Local Government 7.2 From State to Private Land Ownership: Russia, Mongolia, and Cambodia 7.2.1 Russia 7.2.2 Mongolia 7.2.3 Cambodia 7.3 An Upper Hand in Land Use Rights: China and Vietnam 7.3.1 China 7.3.2 Vietnam 7.4 Land Concessions: Laos and Myanmar 7.4.1 Laos PDR 7.4.2 Myanmar 7.5 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Transforming Urban Planning 8.1 Weakened Role of Planning: Russia and Mongolia 8.2 Strengthened Role of Planning: China and Vietnam 8.3 Foreign-Assisted Planning: Cambodia, Laos PDR, and Myanmar 8.4 Discussion and Conclusion: Planning in the Transitional Period References Chapter 9: From Planning to the Change of Urban Landscape 9.1 Planning Effectiveness: A Quantitative Measurement 9.2 Planning Through Center (Re)development 9.3 Planning Through Setting Up Transportation Lines 9.4 Planning Through Administrative Area Changes 9.5 Planning Through the Evolving Role of Industry 9.6 Conclusion References Part V: Conclusion Chapter 10: Conclusion 10.1 Summary of Findings 10.2 Characteristics of SENA Experiences 10.3 Future Prospect and Implications for the Global South References Postface Appendixes Appendix 1. Profiles of SENA Countries Asian Russia Mongolia China Cambodia Laos PDR Myanmar Vietnam Appendix 2. Profiles of SENA Case Cities Asian Russia Yekaterinburg Omsk Novosibirsk Krasnoyarsk Irkutsk Khabarovsk Mongolia Ulaanbaatar China Urumqi Lanzhou Hohhot Beijing Shanghai Hangzhou Nanjing Chongqing Shenzhen Cambodia Phnom Penh Vietnam HCMC Hanoi Myanmar Yangon Lao PDR Vientiane References References for Appendix 1 References for Appendix 2