The Graven Image: Representation in Babylonia and Assyria (Archaeology, Culture, and Society)

Mesopotamia, the world's earliest literate culture, developed a rich philosophical conception of representation in which the world was saturated with signs. Instead of imitating the natural world, representation—both in writing and in visual images—was thought to participate in the world and to have an effect upon it in natural, magical, and supernatural ways. The Graven Image is the first book to explore this tradition, which developed prior to, and apart from, the Greek understanding of representation. The classical Greek system, based on the notion of mimesis, or copy, is the one with which we are most familiar today. The Assyro-Babylonian ontology presented here by Zainab Bahrani opens up fresh avenues for thinking about the concept of representation in general, and her reading of the ancient Mesopotamian textual and visual record in its own ontological context develops an entirely new approach to understanding Babylonian and Assyrian arts in particular. The Graven Image describes, for the first time, rituals and wars involving images; the relationship of divination, the organic body, and representation; and the use of images as a substitute for the human form, integrating this ancient material into contemporary debates in critical theory. Bahrani challenges current methodologies in the study of Near Eastern archaeology and art history, introducing a new way to appreciate the unique contributions of Assyrian and Babylonian culture and their complex relationships to the past and present. Mesopotamia, The World's Earliest Literate Culture, Developed A Rich Philosophical Conception Of Representation In Which The World Was Saturated With Signs. Instead Of Imitating The Natural World, Representation - Both In Writing And In Visual Images - Was Thought To Participate In The World And To Have An Effect Upon It In Natural, Magical, And Supernatural Ways. The Graven Image Is The First Book To Explore This Tradition, Which Developed Prior To, And Apart From, The Greek Understanding Of Representation. The Graven Image Describes, For The First Time, Rituals And Wars Involving Images; The Relationship Of Divination, The Organic Body, And Representation; And The Use Of Images As A Substitute For The Human Form, Integrating This Ancient Material Into Contemporary Debates In Critical Theory. Bahrani Challenges Current Methodologies In The Study Of Near Eastern Archaeology And Art History, Introducing A New Way To Appreciate The Unique Contributions Of Assyrian And Babylonian Culture And Their Complex Relationships To The Past And Present.--jacket. The Aesthetic And The Epistemic: Race, Culture, And Antiquity -- The Extraterrestrial Orient: Despotic Time And The Time Of The Despots -- Ethnography And Mimesis: Representing Aesthetic Culture -- Being In The Word: Of Grammatology And Mantic -- Salmu: Representation In The Real -- Decoys And Lures: Substitution And The Uncanny Double Of The King -- Presence And Repetition: The Altar Of Tukulti-ninurta -- Conclusion: Image, Text, And Différance, Or From Difference To Différance. Zainab Bahrani. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [219]-235) And Index. Cover 1 Contents 8 Illustrations 10 Introduction 12 1. THE AESTHETIC AND THE EPISTEMIC: RACE, CULTURE, AND ANTIQUITY 24 2. THE EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIENT: DESPOTIC TIME AND THE TIME OF THE DESPOTS 61 3 . ETHNOGRAPHY AND MIMESIS: REPRESENTING AESTHETIC CULTURE 84 4. BEING IN THE WORD: OF GRAMMATOLOGY AND MANTIC 107 5. SALMU: REPRESENTATION IN THE REAL 132 6. DECOYS AND LURES: SUBSTITUTION AND THE UNCANNY DOUBLE OF THE KING 160 7. PRESENCE AND REPETITION: THE ALTAR OF TUKULTI-NINURTA 196 8. CONCLUSION: IMAGE, TEXT, AND DIFFÉRANCE, OR FROM DIFFERENCE TO DIFFÉRANCE 213 Notes 222 Bibliography 230 Index 248 Acknowledgments 252 IN 1992 W. J. T. Mitchell wrote an article titled "Postcolonial Culture, Postimperial Criticism.