گرند کنیون: دانشنامه‌ای از جغرافیا، تاریخ و فرهنگ

This single-volume encyclopedia examines the Grand Canyon in depth, from the native peoples who have survived there for centuries to the explorers who charted its vast expanses and to the challenges that Grand Canyon National Park faces. • Includes a chronology of important events in the history of the Grand Canyon, helping readers to hone in on key events that occurred during its history • Presents a chronology of important events in the history of the Grand Canyon, helping readers to focus on key events that occurred during its history • Offers a Grand Canyon "at a glance" section that allows readers key statistics about the park • Provides an appendix that gives readers the chance to explore "firsts" in the history of the Grand Canyon as well as to plot the GPS coordinates of major sites at the national park • Features photos from the authors' personal research travels that illuminate the text in such a style as to be different than tour books and trail guides Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 14 Acknowledgments......Page 18 Introduction......Page 20 Chronology of Human History at Grand Canyon......Page 30 Grand Canyon at a Glance......Page 36 Part I: Thematic Essays......Page 46 Grand Canyon’s Ancient Beginnings: The Proterozoic Eon......Page 48 The “Postcard Rocks” of Grand Canyon: The Paleozoic Era......Page 56 How the Colorado River Carved Grand Canyon......Page 64 Grand Canyon’s First People......Page 72 Tribes That Call Grand Canyon Their Home......Page 79 John Wesley Powell......Page 87 Whose Canyon Is It?......Page 98 Whose Water Is It?......Page 105 The Colorado River’s Historic Sites......Page 113 Grand Canyon and Modern Christian Fundamentalism......Page 123 The Future of Grand Canyon......Page 132 Part II: Topical Entries......Page 138 Airplanes and Helicopters......Page 140 Akin, Louis......Page 141 Antiquities Act of 1906......Page 142 Bass, William and Ada......Page 144 Bass Trails and Bass Camp......Page 146 Berry, Peter......Page 147 Birdseye, Claude......Page 149 Boucher, Louis......Page 153 Bridge Canyon Dam......Page 154 Bright Angel Lodge......Page 156 Bright Angel Trail......Page 157 Bright Angels......Page 160 Brighty, the North Rim Burro......Page 162 Brown, Frank......Page 164 Buggeln, Martin......Page 167 California Condors......Page 170 Cameron, Ralph......Page 171 Cape Final and Cape Final Trail......Page 173 Cape Royal and Cape Royal Trail......Page 174 Cárdenas, García López de......Page 175 Cattalo, Buffalo, and Pearl Gray......Page 176 Civilian Conservation Corps......Page 178 Clark, Georgie White......Page 180 Colter, Mary Elizabeth Jane......Page 182 Dellenbaugh, Frederick......Page 188 Desert View......Page 189 Dinosaurs......Page 191 Domínguez and Escalante......Page 192 Dutton, Clarence......Page 193 Eddy, Clyde......Page 200 El Tovar Hotel......Page 201 Evolution......Page 204 Fish......Page 208 Flavell, George......Page 211 Frazier, Russell......Page 212 Galloway, Nathan......Page 214 Gannett, Henry......Page 215 Garcés, Francisco Tomás......Page 216 Gateways to Grand Canyon......Page 217 Geology along the River......Page 219 Goldwater, Barry......Page 222 Grand Canyon Depot......Page 223 Grand Canyon Museum......Page 225 Grand Canyon Natural History Association......Page 226 Grand Canyon Village......Page 227 Grand Canyon West......Page 228 Grandview Point......Page 231 Grandview Trail......Page 233 Great Deer Run......Page 234 Hance, John......Page 236 Hance Trails......Page 238 Harvey, Fred, and the Harvey Girls......Page 239 Hermit Trail......Page 241 Hermits Rest......Page 244 Hogan, Dan......Page 246 Holmes, William Henry......Page 247 Holmstrom, Haldane “Buzz"......Page 248 Hopi House......Page 250 Hopi Point......Page 251 Hyde, Glen and Bessie......Page 252 Ives, Joseph Christmas......Page 254 James, George Wharton......Page 256 Kaibab Plateau and Kaibab National Forest......Page 258 Ken Patrick Trail......Page 259 Kolb, Ellsworth and Emery......Page 260 Kolb Studio......Page 265 Lake Mead and Hoover Dam......Page 268 Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam......Page 271 Lava Falls Trail......Page 274 Lees Ferry......Page 275 Lipan Point......Page 280 Little Colorado River......Page 281 Litton, Martin......Page 282 Loper, Bert......Page 283 “Lost Worlds"......Page 285 Marble Canyon......Page 286 Marble Canyon Dam......Page 287 Maricopa Point......Page 288 Marston, Otis “Dock"......Page 290 Mather, Stephen......Page 291 Mather Point......Page 293 Matthes, François......Page 295 McKee, Edwin “Eddie"......Page 296 Mission 66......Page 298 Moran, Thomas......Page 299 Moran Point......Page 302 Motorboats in Grand Canyon National Park......Page 303 Mules......Page 305 National Park Service......Page 308 Navajo Bridge......Page 310 Navajo Point......Page 312 Nevills, Norman......Page 313 Newberry, John Strong......Page 314 North Kaibab Trail......Page 316 North Rim......Page 320 O’Neill, William Owen “Buckey"......Page 324 Owens, James “Uncle Jim"......Page 325 Parachuting into Grand Canyon......Page 328 Patraw, Pauline “Polly"......Page 329 Pattie, James......Page 330 Phantom Ranch......Page 331 Pima Point......Page 335 Pioneer Cemetery and Other Gravesites......Page 336 Place-Names in Grand Canyon......Page 342 Point Imperial......Page 344 Postage Stamps......Page 345 Powell Point......Page 346 Railroad......Page 348 Rapids......Page 351 Reilly, Plez “P. T."......Page 356 Religious Books and Scripture Plaques......Page 357 Roads......Page 358 Roosevelt Point......Page 359 Rowe, Sanford......Page 361 Russell, Charles, and the Ross Wheeler......Page 362 Sierra Club......Page 364 Sipapu......Page 366 South Kaibab Trail......Page 367 Squirrels......Page 370 Stagecoaches......Page 371 Stanton, Robert......Page 372 Stone, Julius......Page 375 Sturdevant, Glen......Page 377 Supai and the Waterfalls of the Havasupai......Page 378 Tanner Trail......Page 382 Tillotson, Miner......Page 383 Tonto Trail......Page 385 Toroweap......Page 387 Trail of Time......Page 390 Tramways......Page 391 Transept Trail and Bridle Trail......Page 393 Tusayan Museum and Ruins......Page 394 United States Geological Survey......Page 396 Verkamp, John......Page 398 Walhalla Overlook and Walhalla Glades Pueblo......Page 402 Water at Grand Canyon......Page 403 Widforss, Gunnar......Page 404 Woolley, Edwin Dilworth “Uncle Dee"......Page 406 Wylie Way Camps......Page 407 Yavapai Point......Page 410 Appendix: Geologic Time Scale......Page 412 Glossary......Page 414 Bibliography......Page 418 Index......Page 422 Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Preface 14 Acknowledgments 18 Introduction 20 Chronology of Human History at Grand Canyon 30 Grand Canyon at a Glance 36 Part I: Thematic Essays 46 Grand Canyon’s Ancient Beginnings: The Proterozoic Eon 48 The “Postcard Rocks” of Grand Canyon: The Paleozoic Era 56 How the Colorado River Carved Grand Canyon 64 Grand Canyon’s First People 72 Tribes That Call Grand Canyon Their Home 79 John Wesley Powell 87 Whose Canyon Is It? 98 Whose Water Is It? 105 The Colorado River’s Historic Sites 113 Grand Canyon and Modern Christian Fundamentalism 123 The Future of Grand Canyon 132 Part II: Topical Entries 138 Airplanes and Helicopters 140 Akin, Louis 141 Antiquities Act of 1906 142 Bass, William and Ada 144 Bass Trails and Bass Camp 146 Berry, Peter 147 Birdseye, Claude 149 Boucher, Louis 153 Bridge Canyon Dam 154 Bright Angel Lodge 156 Bright Angel Trail 157 Bright Angels 160 Brighty, the North Rim Burro 162 Brown, Frank 164 Buggeln, Martin 167 California Condors 170 Cameron, Ralph 171 Cape Final and Cape Final Trail 173 Cape Royal and Cape Royal Trail 174 Cárdenas, García López de 175 Cattalo, Buffalo, and Pearl Gray 176 Civilian Conservation Corps 178 Clark, Georgie White 180 Colter, Mary Elizabeth Jane 182 Dellenbaugh, Frederick 188 Desert View 189 Dinosaurs 191 Domínguez and Escalante 192 Dutton, Clarence 193 Eddy, Clyde 200 El Tovar Hotel 201 Evolution 204 Fire Towers 208 Fish 208 Flavell, George 211 Frazier, Russell 212 Galloway, Nathan 214 Gannett, Henry 215 Garcés, Francisco Tomás 216 Gateways to Grand Canyon 217 Geology along the River 219 Goldwater, Barry 222 Grand Canyon Depot 223 Grand Canyon Museum 225 Grand Canyon Natural History Association 226 Grand Canyon Village 227 Grand Canyon West 228 Grandview Point 231 Grandview Trail 233 Great Deer Run 234 Hamblin, Jacob 236 Hance, John 236 Hance Trails 238 Harvey, Fred, and the Harvey Girls 239 Hatch, Robert “Bus" 241 Hermit Trail 241 Hermits Rest 244 Historic Sites Act of 1935 246 Hogan, Dan 246 Holmes, William Henry 247 Holmstrom, Haldane “Buzz" 248 Hopi House 250 Hopi Point 251 Hyde, Glen and Bessie 252 Ives, Joseph Christmas 254 James, George Wharton 256 Kaibab Plateau and Kaibab National Forest 258 Ken Patrick Trail 259 Kolb, Ellsworth and Emery 260 Kolb Studio 265 Lake Mead and Hoover Dam 268 Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam 271 Lava Falls Trail 274 Lees Ferry 275 Lipan Point 280 Little Colorado River 281 Litton, Martin 282 Loper, Bert 283 “Lost Worlds" 285 Marble Canyon 286 Marble Canyon Dam 287 Maricopa Point 288 Marston, Otis “Dock" 290 Mather, Stephen 291 Mather Point 293 Matthes, François 295 McKee, Edwin “Eddie" 296 Mission 66 298 Moran, Thomas 299 Moran Point 302 Motorboats in Grand Canyon National Park 303 Mules 305 Nankoweap Canyon 308 National Park Service 308 Navajo Bridge 310 Navajo Point 312 Nevills, Norman 313 Newberry, John Strong 314 North Kaibab Trail 316 North Rim 320 O’Neill, William Owen “Buckey" 324 Owens, James “Uncle Jim" 325 Parachuting into Grand Canyon 328 Patraw, Pauline “Polly" 329 Pattie, James 330 Phantom Ranch 331 Pima Point 335 Pioneer Cemetery and Other Gravesites 336 Place-Names in Grand Canyon 342 Point Imperial 344 Point Sublime 345 Postage Stamps 345 Powell Point 346 Railroad 348 Rapids 351 Reilly, Plez “P. T." 356 Religious Books and Scripture Plaques 357 Rim Trail 358 Roads 358 Roosevelt Point 359 Rowe, Sanford 361 Russell, Charles, and the Ross Wheeler 362 Shoshone Point 364 Sierra Club 364 Sipapu 366 South Kaibab Trail 367 Squirrels 370 Stagecoaches 371 Stanton, Robert 372 Stone, Julius 375 Strong, Harriet 377 Sturdevant, Glen 377 Supai and the Waterfalls of the Havasupai 378 Tanner Trail 382 Tillotson, Miner 383 Tiyo 385 Tonto Trail 385 Toroweap 387 Trail of Time 390 Tramways 391 Trans-Canyon Telephone Line 393 Transept Trail and Bridle Trail 393 Tusayan Museum and Ruins 394 Uncle Jim Trail 396 United States Geological Survey 396 Verkamp, John 398 Walhalla Overlook and Walhalla Glades Pueblo 402 Water at Grand Canyon 403 White, James 404 Widforss, Gunnar 404 Woolley, Edwin Dilworth “Uncle Dee" 406 Wylie Way Camps 407 Yavapai Point 410 Appendix: Geologic Time Scale 412 Glossary 414 Bibliography 418 Index 422 This single-volume encyclopedia examines the Grand Canyon in depth, from the native peoples who have survived there for centuries to the explorers who charted its vast expanses and to the challenges that Grand Canyon National Park faces. The Grand Canyon is one of the most internationally recognized landscapes and symbols of nature in North America. In this one-volume encyclopedia, readers can dive into the many people, places, stories, and issues associated with the Grand Canyon as well as the scientific, religious, and social contexts of events that have made the Grand Canyon what it is. At the front of the encyclopedia are thematic essays that examine the Grand Canyon's history, geography, and culture. Essays cover topics including John Wesley Powell, to whom the Grand Canyon "belongs," the Native Americans who live at the Grand Canyon, and the future of the Grand Canyon. Following the thematic essays are approximately 150 topical entries focusing on more specific aspects of the Grand Canyon, such as trails and camps, natural formations, and courageous heroes as well as shameless profiteers who have influenced the Grand Canyon's history. The encyclopedia is rounded out by a chronology of human history at the Grand Canyon, a Grand Canyon "at a glance" section, and multiple fact-based sidebars. Through the people, places, and stories explored in this work, readers will gain a better understanding of how the history of the Grand Canyon is relevant to the world today.