The Globalization Reader

An introduction to the issues surrounding the complex and controversial realities of today's interconnected world, the revised sixth edition Since its initial publication, The Globalization Reader has been lauded for its comprehensive coverage of the issues surrounding globalization. Now in its sixth edition, the Reader has been thoroughly revised and updated and continues to review the most important global trends. Including readings by a variety of authors, the text offers a wide-ranging and authoritative introduction to the political, economic, cultural, and experiential aspects of globalization. The updated sixth edition presents the most accessible and comprehensive review of current debates and research. Contributions from scholars, activists, and organizations provide balanced viewpoints and expert coverage of the many aspects of globalization. The Globalization Reader offers readings on an exciting range of new topics as well as retaining key globalization topics such as the experience of globalization, economic and political globalization, the role of media and religion in cultural globalization, women’s rights, environmentalism, global civil society, and the alternative globalization movement. This important resource: Covers the many complex dimensions of globalization Includes contributions from many of the most prominent globalization scholars Presents concise and informative introductions to each major topic Offers compelling discussion questions for each section Contains readings on a variety of new topics such as migration, medical tourism, state policy regarding abortion and same-sex sexual relations, the UN Global Compact, climate justice, and more Written for students in undergraduate and graduate courses in sociology, political science, anthropology and geography, the revised sixth edition covers courses such as globalization, comparative political economy, international relations and similar topics. Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface to the Sixth Edition General Introduction Note on Selections Part I Debating Globalization Introduction Chapter 1 The Hidden Promise: Liberty Renewed The Priority of Liberty The Open Society The Individual’s Prayer An Empire without End Chapter 2 How to Judge Globalism Global Interdependences and Movements Are the Poor Getting Poorer? Global Justice and the Bargaining Problem Altering Global Arrangements Institutions and Inequality Fair Sharing of Global Opportunities Chapter 3 The Elusive Concept of Globalisation Globalisation: The Analytical Tool Globalisation: The Political Agenda Globalisation as Humanitarian Concern The Moral Challenge Chapter 4 The Clash of Civilizations? The Next Pattern of Conflict Why Civilizations Will Clash The Fault Lines between Civilizations The West versus the Rest Chapter 5 The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 Overview Unprecedented Efforts Have Resulted in Profound Achievements Despite Many Successes, the Poorest and Most Vulnerable People Are Being Left Behind The Successes of the MDG Agenda Prove that Global Action Works. It Is the Only Path to Ensure that the New Development Agenda Leaves No One Behind Part I Questions Part II Explaining Globalization Introduction Chapter 6 The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy Chapter 7 Sociology of the Global System The Conceptual Space for Transnational Practices (TNP) Economic Transnational Practices The Transnational Capitalist Class Labour and the Transnational Capitalist Class Culture-Ideology Transnational Practices The Culture-Ideology of Consumerism The Theory of the Global System: A Summary Chapter 8 A Brief History of Neoliberalism Introduction The Moving Map of Neoliberalization Chapter 9 World Society and the Nation-State Explanatory Models Isomorphism and Isomorphic Change Processes of World Society’s Impact on Nation-States Conclusion Chapter 10 Globalization as a Problem The Crystallization of a Concept and a Problem Coming to Terms with the World as a Whole Globalization and the Search for Fundamentals Universalism and Particularism Globalized Chapter 11 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy Part III Experiencing Globalization Introduction Chapter 12 Waves in the History of Globalization The First Wave of Globalization: Jamaica Some Patterns in the First Wave The Second Wave of Globalization: North Dakota Some Patterns in the Second Wave Chapter 13 McDonald’s in Hong Kong Transnationalism and the Fast Food Industry Mental Categories: Snack versus Meal From Exotic to Ordinary: McDonald’s Becomes Local Sanitation and the Invention of Cleanliness What’s in a Smile? Friendliness and Public Service Consumer Discipline? Hovering and the Napkin Wars Children as Consumers Ronald McDonald and the Invention of Birthday Parties Conclusions: Whose Culture Is It? Chapter 14 The Transnational Villagers The MDC’s Accomplishments Chapter 15 Virtual Migration: The Programming of Globalization Spatial Integration Temporal Integration: Follow the Sun Globally Yours: Reconfiguring the Lifeworld Chapter 16 Fear and Money in Dubai Fantasy Levitated Gigantism War Zone Chapter 17 Outpatients: The Astonishing New World of Medical Tourism Orbán’s Dentist Chapter 18 An Anthropology of Structural Violence Chapter 19 Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche Junk Science and First World Medicine The Mega-Marketing of Depression Early Adopters Have Second Thoughts Part IV Globalization and the World Economy Introduction Chapter 20 China Makes, the World Takes Chapter 21 Commodity Chains and Marketing Strategies: Nike and the Global Athletic Footwear Industry Trends in the US Athletic Shoe Market Nike Corporation: Competition, Upgrading, and Innovationin a Commodity Chain Conclusions Chapter 22 The Sticky Superpower Power through Neglect Chapter 23 Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now: An Overview Chapter 24 The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It Traps, and the Countries Caught in Them The Role of Growth in Development Chapter 25 The Global Financial Crisis and Its Effects A Brief Chronology Underlying Causes The Initial Economic Impact Policy Responses Chapter 26 The Twin Excesses – Financialization and Globalization – Caused the Crash Chapter 27 Globalism’s Discontents Beneficial Globalization The Darker Side of Globalization Lessons of Crisis The Costs of Volatility The Governance of Globalization Governance through Ideology An Unfair Trade Agenda Global Social Justice Part V Globalization and the Nation‐State Introduction Chapter 28 The Declining Authority of States The Neglected Factor – Technology The Second Neglect – Finance Politics, Power and Legitimacy Chapter 29 Global Organized Crime The New Criminality Criminalization and the Rise of the State as a Courtesan Chapter 30 Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Sources of Tension The Role of National Governments Chapter 31 The Individualization of Society and the Liberalization of State Policies on Same‐Sex Sexual Relations, 1984–1995 Changes in State Policies on Homosexual Relations Two Broader Contexts Overall Cultural Individualism Individualized Gender Equality Linkages to World Society Chapter 32 Abortion Liberalization in World Society, 1960–2009 Introduction Background Results Discussion and Conclusion Part V Questions Part VI Global Governance Introduction Chapter 33 The International Monetary Fund The Effects of IMF Programs on the Balance of Payments Economic Growth Income Distribution and Social Spending Conclusion Chapter 34 ISO and the Infrastructure for a Global Market The ISO Network and Its Voluntary Consensus Process: The Actors and Why They Are Involved A Standard and Its Consequences Setting the Standard Chapter 35 Global Health Governance: A Conceptual Review Introduction Chapter 36 The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Grant-Making Programme for Global Health Introduction The Gates Foundation’s Grant-Making Programme Chapter 37 IMPACT: Transforming Business, Changing the World – The United Nations Global Compact The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact Taking Root: The Global Spread of Sustainability Into the Fold: Expanding the Scope of Corporate Sustainability Part VI Questions Part VII Globalization, INGOs, and Civil Society Introduction Chapter 38 NGOs and Climate Crisis: Fragmentation, Lines of Conflict and Strategic Approaches Mixed Bunch Trends in Climate Work Fragmentation and Diverging Interests Common Denominator: Two Degrees First Line of Conflict: Burden Sharing between North and South Second Line of Conflict: Market Mechanisms vs. System Change Local vs. International Conclusion Chapter 39 The Evolution of Debates over Female Genital Cutting The Health Compromise Women’s Rights as Human Rights Chapter 40 Women’s Human Rights and the Muslim Question: Iran’s One Million Signatures Campaign Human Rights Discourse in Practice: The One Million Signatures Campaign Chapter 41 World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Non-Governmental Organization An Historical Overview of the INGO Population World Development, INGOs, and Capitalistand Interstate Systems INGOs as Enactors and Carriers of World Culture Conclusion Chapter 42 Closing the Corruption Casino: The Imperatives of a Multilateral Approach Chapter 43 Trading Diamonds Responsibly: Institutional Explanations for Corporate Social Responsibility Global CSR Norms: Opportunities for the Conflict Diamonds Campaign Translating Norms into Practice: The Kimberley Process Chapter 44 Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development Fall from Grace? Homegrown Institutions Poverty Truths The Conditions of Protection Part VII Questions Part VIII Globalization and Media Introduction Chapter 45 Cultural Imperialism “Watching Dallas”: The Imperialist Text and Audience Research Multinational Capitalism and Cultural Homogenisation Chapter 46 Mapping Global Media Flow and Contra-Flow Localisation of Global Americana ‘Subaltern’ Contra-Flows: Anti-Hegemonic or Pro-Americana? Transnational Telenovelas Hybridity as Hegemony Chapter 47 Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia What is the Korean Wave? Korean Media Liberalization and Development Chapter 48 Landing of the Wave: Hallyu in Peru and Brazil Brazil Peru Research Design and Results Chapter 49 Watching Big Brother at Work: A Production Study of Big Brother Australia The Rise of Popular Factual Entertainment Making it Aussie: Indigenising an International Format Producing Big Brother Developing a Fan Base Big Brother Online Chapter 50 Bollywood versus Hollywood: Battle of the Dream Factories Introduction Bollywood and Third Cinema ‘Hollywood Raises Hell in Bollywood’ Conclusion Chapter 51 Why Hollywood Rules the World, and Whether We Should Care Why Clustering in Hollywood? The Drive towards Clustering American Cultural Imperialism? Part IX Globalization and Religion Introduction Chapter 52 Bin Laden and Other Thoroughly Modern Muslims The Islamists’ Roots in Secular Education Modern Goals, Modern Methods The Radical Minority Chapter 53 Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah Chapter 54 The Christian Revolution The Rise of Christendom Chapter 55 American Evangelicals: The Overlooked Globalizers and Their Unintended Gospel of Modernity Introduction American Evangelicalism: Vanguard of a Transnational Religious Movement The Language of the Market The Language of Multiculturalism Conclusion: An Unintended Gospel of Modernity Chapter 56 Religious Rejections of Globalization Religion and Antiglobalization Activism: The Case of the Debt Movement Religion and Antiglobalization Discourse Religion and Alternative Visions of Globalization Chapter 57 The Decontexualization of Asian Religious Practices in the Context of Globalization Flows of Asian Global Religious Practices The Modern Fascination with the Self Decontextualizing Asian Global Religious Practices Psychology and Meditation Part IX Questions Part X Globalization and Identity Introduction Chapter 58 Moral Choices and Global Desires: Feminine Identity in a Transnational Realm Meeting Sumitra Mapping a Family Women in the Village Articulating Womanhood Synthesizing an Identity Freedom and Possibility: Banishing the Ban Manche Globalization, Conflict and Self-Definition Chapter 59 Global/Indian: Cultural Politics in the IT Workplace Navigating Cultural Terrain at Work: Corporate Perspectives Chapter 60 Strategic Inauthenticity Youssou N’Dour: “A Modern Griot” Whose Authenticity? Chapter 61 Orange Nation: Soccer and National Identity in the Netherlands The Aura of 1974 Chapter 62 Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture The Cosmopolitan Perspective: Orientation and Competence Cosmopolitanism and the Varieties of Mobility The Cosmopolitan at Home Conclusion: The Dependence of Cosmopolitans on Locals,and their Shared Interests Chapter 63 Cosmopolitanism & Humanism Part X Questions Part XI Global Environmentalism Introduction Chapter 64 Greenpeace and Political Globalism Transnational Organizational Structure Greenpeace’s Politics Political Strategies Chapter 65 Environmental Advocacy Networks The Campaign against Deforestation in Sarawak Conclusions Chapter 66 Toward Democratic Governance for Sustainable Development: Transnational Civil Society Organizing around Big Dams The Rise of Domestic Opposition The Building of Transnational Linkages Taking on the World Bank The Genesis of the World Commission on Dams Chapter 67 Ozone Depletion Chapter 68 Movements for Climate Justice in the US and Worldwide Origins of Climate Justice The Case for Climate Justice Challenging Fossil Fuels and the False Solutions To the Summits and Beyond Into the Future Chapter 69 Speech of the IPCC Chairman, Rajendra K. Pachauri, at the Opening Session of the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland Part XI Questions Part XII Contesting Globalization: Alternatives and Opposition Introduction Chapter 70 Counterhegemonic Globalization: Transnational Social Movements in the Contemporary Political Economy The New Organizational Foundations of Counterhegemonic Globalization Labor as a Global Social Movement Chapter 71 The Global Justice Movement A Brief History of the Global Justice Movement A Movement Against the Neoliberal Ideology Three Major Tendencies Chapter 72 The Twelve Assumptions of an Alter‐Globalisation Strategy Chapter 73 The Global South: The WTO and Deglobalization Chapter 74 Ecological Balance in an Era of Globalization The Three Waves of Globalization The Community, the State, and the Corporation Globalization as Environmental Apartheid Northern Dumping in the South People’s Movements for the Protection of Biodiversity and Collective Rights The Movement for Declaration of Community Rights to Biodiversity: The Case of Pattuvam Panchayat Navdanya: Seeds of Freedom Conclusion Chapter 75 Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization Chapter 76 When and Why Nationalism Beats Globalism Chapter One: The Rise of the Globalists Chapter Two: Globalists and Nationalists Grow Further Apart on Immigration Chapter Three: Muslim Immigration Triggers the Authoritarian Alarm Chapter Four: What Now? Chapter 77 The Globalization of Rage: Why Today’s Extremism Looks Familiar Part XII Questions Index EULA "Since its initial publication, The Globalization Reader has been lauded for its comprehensive coverage of the issues surrounding globalization. Now in its sixth edition, the Reader has been thoroughly revised and updated and continues to review the most important global trends. Including readings by a variety of authors, the text offers a wide-ranging and authoritative introduction to the political, economic, cultural, and experiential aspects of globalization. The updated sixth edition presents the most accessible and comprehensive review of current debates and research. Contributions from scholars, activists, and organizations provide balanced viewpoints and expert coverage of the many aspects of globalization. The Globalization Reader offers readings on an exciting range of new topics as well as retaining key globalization topics such as the experience of globalization, economic and political globalization, the role of media and religion in cultural globalization, women's rights, environmentalism, global civil society, and the alternative globalization movement"-- Provided by publisher