The Global Old Age Care Industry : Tapping Into Migrants for Tackling the Old Age Care Crisis

"This book focuses on the emerging global old age care industry developing as a response to tackle the "old age care crisis" in richer countries. In this global industry, multiple actors are involved in recruiting, skilling and placing migrant care workers in different spheres of the receiving country's old age care system. This book delves into the analysis of these actors and the multiple levels influencing their activities. Accordingly, it examines the significance of old age care regimes and policies as well as intermediaries and promoters for initiating, shaping and perpetuating old age care arrangements based on migrant labor and the relationships within them. Particular emphasis is placed on the risks and implications of these arrangements for the well-being and the social protection of the different actors involved. The book analyzes these processes and structures from a global perspective including different countries and regions of the world."--Publisher's description Acknowledgments Contents Notes on Contributors List of Figures 1: Introduction: The Global Old-Age Care Industry—Tapping into Care Labor Across and Within National Borders 1 The Migration-Care Regime Nexus 2 The Global Old-Age Care Industry 3 Outline of the Book References Part I: Policies and Regimes 2: When Local Meets Global: The Changing Face of Old-Age Care in Japan 1 Introduction 2 Population Aging and Japan’s Crisis of Old-Age Care 3 Migrants in the Care Labor Market: The First Wave 4 Transforming the Workplace: From Contention to Inclusion 5 Deregulation of Care Worker Migration: Three More Waves 6 Conclusion References 3: Family Carers’ Expectations and Strategies in Shaping Live-in Migrant Carer Arrangements: A Comparison Between Germany and the Netherlands 1 Introduction 2 LTC Regimes in Germany and the Netherlands 3 Data and Methods 4 Family Carers’ Expectations of LIMCs 5 Shaping the Arrangement 6 Discussion and Conclusions References 4: The ‘Care Mix’ Adopted by Belgian Families and the Growing Presence of Migrant Workers in Old Age Care in Belgium 1 Introduction 2 Old Age Care in Belgium 3 Formal Old Age Home Care Services in the Region of Brussels 4 Methodology 5 The Reinforcement of Home Care Services 6 The Privatization of Services 7 The Multiplication of Formal care providers 8 Conclusions References 5: Individual Trajectories and Intersecting Regimes: Methodological Reflections on Researching Migrant Care Work 1 Introduction 2 Policies, Regimes and Intersections: Explaining Patterns of Migrant Care Work 3 Methodological Remarks 4 Case Study: Mary 4.1 Migration Trajectories 4.2 Family and Gender Regimes 4.3 Professional Trajectory 4.4 Deskilling Regimes of Migrant Care Work? 5 Conclusions: Intersecting Regimes—Intersecting Trajectories References Part II: Promoters and Intermediaries 6: Self-regulation in a Grey Market? Insights from the Emerging Polish–German Business Field of Live-in Care Brokerage 1 Introduction 2 Live-in Care Migration in the EU: Regulatory Features of the Multilevel System 3 Decent Care (Work): Do Agencies Make a Difference? 4 Conclusion References 7: Caritas’ Commitment to Fair and Legal Employment of Live-in Migrant Carers in Germany: A Report from Practice 1 Introduction 2 What Drove Caritas into the ‘Agency Business’? Initial Situation for CariFair 3 The CariFair Framework 3.1 Employment Based on the Employer-Employee Model 3.2 Working Conditions 3.3 Accompaniment by Coordinators in Germany and Poland 3.4 Problems in the Context of Employment 3.5 Nursing Care by Specialists 3.6 Financial Aspects of CariFair 4 Evaluation of CariFair 5 Commitment of Caritas Organizations at European Level 6 Perspectives for Germany References 8: Pragmatic Inattention and Win-Win Narratives: How Finnish Eldercare Managers Make Sense of Foreign-Born Care Workers’ Structural Disadvantage 1 Introduction 2 Migrant Divisions of (Care) Labor in Helsinki 3 Care Managers’ Discursive-Affective Practice 4 Findings 4.1 No Agency, No Blame, No Prestige? 4.2 Good Workers, Nice Jobs 4.3 Against International Recruitment: Or Out of Sight, Out of Mind? 5 Discussion and Conclusions References 9: Social Dynamics and Concepts of Good Care Affecting the Interaction Between Established Employees and Newcomers in a German Nursing Home 1 Introduction 2 Understanding Group Processes 3 Methodology 3.1 Setting and Sample 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Ethical Considerations 3.4 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Organizational Constraints 4.2 Different Concepts and Practices of Good Care and Language Difficulties 4.3 Resentment and Pain from Indifference 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Part III: Risks and Social Protection 10: Everyday Vulnerability: Work and Health Experiences of Live-in Migrant Care Workers in Taiwan 1 Introduction 2 Live-in Migrant Care Workers in Taiwan 3 Research Design and Methods 4 Liminality of Live-in Migrant Care Workers 4.1 Long Working Hours 4.2 Heavy Care Responsibilities 4.3 The Power Dynamics in Care Workers’ Employment Relations 5 A Healthy Body as a Workable Body 5.1 Work for a Better Life 5.2 “Our Health is not Their Concern”: Disposable Workers 6 Conclusion References 11: Transnational Social Protection for Migrant Care Workers: The Experiences, Practices of and Hurdles for Self-Employed 24-Hour Care Workers 1 Introduction 2 Transnational Social Protection 3 Migrant Long-Term Care Work and Social Protection 3.1 The Variety of Migrant Care Work Arrangements 3.2 Formal Social Security for Migrant Care Workers 4 Experiences and Practices of Self-Employed Migrant Care Workers 4.1 Huge Varieties in Experiences, Practices and Perceptions 4.2 Information 4.3 Rotational Migration and Space 4.4 Cost, Quality and Level of Provisions 4.5 Personal Circumstances 4.6 The Interplay of Macro, Meso and Micro Levels 5 Conclusion References 12: Social Support Within and Outside Care Networks: Experiences of Live-in Migrant Care Workers in the Netherlands 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Research Methodology 4 Findings 5 Discussion and Conclusion References 13: Elder Abuse in Live-in Migrant Carer Arrangements 1 Introduction 2 24-Hour Caregivers in the German System 3 Abuse in Old Age Care 4 Methodological Design 5 Empirical Findings 6 Discussion and Conclusion References Index