The Geology of Iran: Tectonic, Magmatism and Metamorphism (Earth and Environmental Sciences Library)

"This book describes the geological setting of Iran throughout geological history, referring to paleogeography and general geodynamics. Also, all structural units, faults, tectonic phases and orogeny occurred in the geology of Iran have been evaluated. Magmatic and metamorphic rocks along with ophiolitic complexes have extensive outcrops in Iran, and these rocks with Precambrian age constitute its basement. Study and identification of such rocks not only throws light on the geodynamic issues of Iran but also helps in recognition of the mode of formation and evolution of the sedimentary basins located within various structural divisions of the country. Moreover, the majority of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits are associated either directly or indirectly with magmatic, and at time metamorphic, rocks. In the Magmatism and Metamorphism parts, it is tried to thoroughly consider the various aspects of the igneous rocks, whether intrusive, extrusive or young volcanoes, from the point of view of petrography, geochemistry and geodynamics. In addition, the major intrusive bodies of Iran have been presented along with their petrologic and chronologic specifications in tables, mentioning the bibliographic resources"--Back cover Preface Contents About the Author 1 Geological Setting and Crustal Structure of Iran 1.1 Geological Setting of Iran Within the Alpine-Himalayan Belt 1.1.1 Tethys I (Proto-Tethys) 1.1.2 Tethys II 1.1.3 Tethys III 1.2 Basement Rocks of Iran 1.3 Early-Middle Proterozoic/Archean Basement Rocks 1.4 Seismological Estimation of Crustal Thickness of Iran 1.5 Paleogeography of Iran from Neoproterozoic to Recent—An Overview 1.5.1 Neoproterozoic 1.5.2 Paleozoic 1.5.3 Mesozoic-Cenozoic References 2 Structural Units of Iran 2.1 Literature and Structural Subdivisions 2.2 Alborz 2.2.1 Location and Geographic Position 2.2.2 Geology of the Alborz Zone 2.2.3 Structural Subdivisions of the Alborz 2.2.4 Geological Comparison of the Tarom and Talesh Subzones 2.2.5 Lithostratigraphy of the Alborz Zone 2.2.6 Magmatism 2.3 Central Iran Zone 2.3.1 Lithostratigraphy 2.3.2 Central Iran Microcontinent 2.4 “Urmia-Dokhtar” Magmatic Belt 2.5 Azerbaijan Zone 2.5.1 Geographical Setting 2.5.2 Geological Position 2.6 Sanandaj-Sirjan 2.6.1 Geology 2.6.2 Geodynamic Evolution 2.6.3 Lithostratigraphy 2.6.4 Magmatism 2.6.5 Metamorphism 2.7 Zagros Zone 2.7.1 Stratigraphy 2.7.2 Tectonic Subdivisions 2.8 Kopet-Dagh Basin or Zone 2.8.1 Structural Division of the Mountainous Part of the Kopeh-Dagh Orogenic Belt 2.8.2 Tectono-Sedimentary History 2.9 Eastern Iran 2.9.1 Lut Block 2.9.2 Flysch or Zabol-Baluch Zone 2.9.3 Development and Evolution 2.10 Makran Zone References 3 Faults and Tectonic Phases of Iran 3.1 Faults of Iran 3.2 Alborz 3.2.1 Central Alborz 3.2.2 Eastern Alborz 3.2.3 Azerbaijan and Western Alborz 3.3 Kopeh-Dagh 3.3.1 Active Syn-Depositional Basement Faults 3.3.2 Thrust Faults 3.4 Zagros 3.4.1 Main Zagros Thrust 3.4.2 The Main Recent Faults 3.5 Central Iran 3.6 Eastern and Southeastern Iran 3.7 Tectonic Phases of Iran 3.7.1 Pan-African Orogeny 3.7.2 Caledonian Tectonic Phase 3.7.3 Hercynian Tectonic Phase 3.7.4 Eo-Cimmerian Orogeny 3.7.5 Mid-Cimmerian Orogeny 3.7.6 Late Cimmerian Orogeny 3.7.7 Laramide Orogeny 3.7.8 Pyrenean Tectonic Phase 3.7.9 Savian Tectonic Phase 3.7.10 Styrian Tectonic Phase 3.7.11 Atican Tectonic Phase 3.7.12 Pasadanian Orogeny 3.8 Seismotectonic of Iran 3.8.1 Zagros Active Fold and Thrust Belt 3.8.2 Alborz 3.8.3 Kopeh-Dagh Belt 3.8.4 Central Iran 3.8.5 Accretionary Wedge Zones of the Makran Mountains and the Zabol-Balouch Subzone (Eastern Iranian Flysch Zone) 3.9 Active Faults and Tectonic Block Movements in Iran 3.10 List of Iranian Earthquakes from 3000 Years Ago to Recent References 4 Magmatic Phases and Their Distribution in Iran 4.1 Magmatism of Iran 4.2 Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian Magmatism 4.2.1 Geodynamics and Mechanism of Magmatism in Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian 4.3 Paleozoic Magmatism 4.3.1 Early-Middle Paleozoic Magmatism 4.3.2 Middle-Late Paleozoic Magmatism 4.4 Mesozoic Magmatism 4.4.1 Triassic 4.4.2 Jurassic 4.4.3 Cretaceous 4.5 Cenozoic Magmatism 4.5.1 Distribution 4.6 Igneous Rocks Distribution in Iran 4.7 Intrusions of Iran References 5 Intrusive Rocks of Iran 5.1 Iranian Intrusive Bodies 5.1.1 Age Classification of Intrusions References 6 Young Volcanoes of Iran 6.1 Young Volcanoes of Iran (Late Miocene-Quaternary Magmatism in Iran) 6.1.1 Central Alborz, Damavand Volcano 6.1.2 Sahand Volcano 6.1.3 Sabalan Volcano 6.1.4 Sistan and Baluchistan and Northern Jazmurian Volcanoes 6.1.5 Qorveh, Bijar and Takab Volcanic Areas 6.1.6 Volcanoes of the Takab and Qareh-aghaj Areas 6.1.7 Southeastern Kerman Volcanoes and the Quaternary Volcanic Craters Around Qaleh Hasanali of Rayen, Qaleh Haidar and Tutak 6.1.8 Quaternary Basalts References 7 Ophiolite Complexes in Iran 7.1 Ophiolite Zones and Ultramafic Rocks in Iran 7.2 Structural Position of the Ophiolites in Iran 7.3 Distribution of Ophiolite Complexes and Ophiolitic Mélange in Iran 7.3.1 Central and Eastern Iran Ophiolites (the Circular Band of Central Iran) 7.3.2 Urmia-Maku Ophiolite 7.3.3 Makran Ophiolites 7.3.4 Zagros Ophiolite Complex 7.3.5 The North–Northeastern Iran Ophiolites (Late Paleozoic-Early Triassic) 7.3.6 Ophiolites and Ultramafic Rocks of Late Precambrian to Early Cambrian 7.4 An Overview on the Petrography and Petrogenesis of Ophiolites in Iran 7.4.1 Main Ultramafic and Mafic Body with Metamorphic Texture Consists of Three Main Parts 7.4.2 Basic Mass Body 7.4.3 Diabase Dikes and Microgabbroic Rocks 7.4.4 Volcano-Sedimentary and Associated Sedimentary Rocks 7.4.5 Acidic and Intrusive Rocks 7.5 Geodynamic Model 7.6 Metamorphic Rocks of the Iranian Ophiolite Complexes References 8 Metamorphic Rocks of Iran 8.1 Metamorphic Phases in Iran 8.2 Metamorphic Zones in Iran 8.2.1 Sanandaj-Sirjan 8.2.2 Central Iran 8.2.3 Northern Iran (Shanderman-Gasht) 8.2.4 Eastern and Southeastern Iran References