The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. Commentary. Volume IV: Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.

COVER PAGE......Page 1 TITLE PAGE......Page 3 CONTENTS......Page 5 INTRODUCTION......Page 31 TITLE OF THE CONVENTION......Page 38 PREAMBLE......Page 39 ARTICLE 1. - RESPECT FOR THE CONVENTION......Page 43 ARTICLE 2. - APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION......Page 45 ARTICLE 3. - CONFLICTS NOT OF AN INTERNATIONAL CHARACTER......Page 53 ARTICLE 4. - DEFINITION OF PROTECTED PERSONS......Page 73 ARTICLE 5. - DEROGATIONS......Page 80 ARTICLE 6. - BEGINNING AND END OF APPLICATION......Page 86 ARTICLE 7. - SPECIAL AGREEMENTS......Page 92 ARTICLE 8. - NON-RENUNCIATION OF RIGHTS......Page 100 ARTICLE 9. - PROTECTING POWERS......Page 108 ARTICLE 10. - ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS......Page 121 ARTICLE 11. - SUBSTITUTES FOR PROTECTING POWERS......Page 127 ARTICLE 12. - CONCILIATION PROCEDURE......Page 141 ARTICLE 13. - FIELD OF APPLICATION OF PART II......Page 146 ARTICLE 14. - HOSPITAL AND SAFETY ZONES AND LOCALITIES......Page 147 ARTICLE 15. - NEUTRALIZED ZONES......Page 156 ARTICLE 16. - WOUNDED AND SICK: GENERAL PROTECTION......Page 161 ARTICLE 17. - EVACUATION......Page 165 ARTICLE 18. - PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN HOSPITALS......Page 169 ARTICLE 19. - DISCONTINUANCE OF PROTECTION OF HOSPITALS......Page 182 ARTICLE 20. - HOSPITAL STAFF......Page 184 ARTICLE 21. - LAND AND SEA TRANSPORT......Page 197 ARTICLE 22. - AIR TRANSPORT......Page 201 ARTICLE 23. - CONSIGNMENTS OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES, FOOD AND CLOTHING......Page 205 ARTICLE 24. - MEASURES RELATING TO CHILD WELFARE......Page 212 ARTICLE 25. - FAMILY NEWS......Page 218 ARTICLE 26. - DISPERSED FAMILIES......Page 223 ARTICLE 27. - TREATMENT : GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 227 ARTICLE 28. - DANGER ZONES......Page 236 ARTICLE 29. - RESPONSIBILITIES......Page 237 ARTICLE 30. - APPLICATION TO PROTECTING POWERS AND RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS......Page 241 ARTICLE 31. - PROHIBITION OF COERCION......Page 247 ARTICLE 32. - PROHIBITION OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT, TORTURE, ETC.......Page 249 ARTICLE 33. - INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY - COLLECTIVE PENALTIES - PILLAGE - REPRISALS......Page 252 ARTICLE 34. - HOSTAGES......Page 257 SECTION II - ALIENS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF A PARTY TO THE CONFLICT......Page 260 ARTICLE 35. - RIGHT TO LEAVE THE TERRITORY......Page 261 ARTICLE 36. - METHOD OF REPATRIATION......Page 267 ARTICLE 37. - PERSONS IN CONFINEMENT......Page 270 ARTICLE 38. - NON-REPATRIATED PERSONS......Page 271 ARTICLE 39. - MEANS OF EXISTENCE......Page 277 ARTICLE 40. - EMPLOYMENT......Page 281 ARTICLE 41. - ASSIGNED RESIDENCE. INTERNMENT......Page 283 ARTICLE 42. - GROUNDS FOR INTERNMENT OR ASSIGNED RESIDENCE. VOLUNTARY INTERNMENT......Page 285 ARTICLE 43. - PROCEDURE......Page 287 ARTICLE 44. - REFUGEES......Page 290 ARTICLE 45. - TRANSFER TO ANOTHER POWER......Page 293 ARTICLE 46. - CANCELLATION OF RESTRICTIVE MEASURES......Page 298 ARTICLE 47. - INVIOLABILITY OF RIGHTS......Page 300 ARTICLE 48. - SPECIAL CASES OF REPATRIATION......Page 304 ARTICLE 49. - DEPORTATIONS, TRANSFERS, EVACUATIONS......Page 305 ARTICLE 50. - CHILDREN......Page 312 ARTICLE 51. - ENLISTMENT. LABOUR......Page 318 ARTICLE 52. - PROTECTION OF WORKERS......Page 327 ARTICLE 53. - PROHIBITED DESTRUCTION......Page 328 ARTICLE 54. - JUDGE AND PUBLIC OFFICIALS......Page 330 ARTICLE 55. - FOOD AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR THE POPULATION......Page 337 ARTICLE 56. - HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 340 ARTICLE 57. - REQUISITION OF HOSPITALS......Page 344 ARTICLE 58. - SPIRITUAL ASSISTANCE......Page 346 ARTICLE 59. - RELIEF : COLLECTIVE RELIEF......Page 347 ARTICLE 60. - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE OCCUPYING POWER......Page 351 ARTICLE 61. - DISTRIBUTION......Page 352 ARTICLE 62. - INDIVIDUAL RELIEF......Page 356 ARTICLE 63. - NATIONAL RED CROSS AND OTHER RELIEF SOCIETIES......Page 358 ARTICLE 64. - PENAL LEGISLATION: I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 362 ARTICLE 65. - PENAL LEGISLATION: II. PUBLICATION, NON-RETROACTIVITY......Page 366 ARTICLE 66. - PENAL LEGISLATION: III. COMPETENT COURTS......Page 367 ARTICLE 67. - PENAL LEGISLATION: IV. APPLICABLE PROVISIONS......Page 369 ARTICLE 68. - PENAL LEGISLATION: V. PENALTIES. DEATH PENALTY......Page 370 ARTICLE 69. - PENAL LEGISLATION: VI. DEDUCTION FROM SENTENCE OF PERIOD SPENT UNDER ARREST......Page 375 ARTICLE 70. - PENAL LEGISLATION: VII. OFFENCES COMMITTED BEFORE OCCUPATION......Page 376 ARTICLE 71. - PENAL PROCEDURE: I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 380 ARTICLE 72. - PENAL PROCEDURE: II. RIGHT OF DEFENCE......Page 384 ARTICLE 73. - PENAL PROCEDURE: III. RIGHT OF APPEAL......Page 386 ARTICLE 74. - PENAL PROCEDURE: IV. ASSISTANCE BY THE PROTECTING POWER......Page 387 ARTICLE 75. - PENAL PROCEDURE: V. DEATH SENTENCE......Page 389 ARTICLE 76. - TREATMENT OF DETAINEES......Page 391 ARTICLE 77. - HANDING OVER OF DETAINEES AT THE CLOSE OF OCCUPATION......Page 394 ARTICLE 78. - SECURITY MEASURES. INTERNMENT AND ASSIGNED RESIDENCE. RIGHT OF APPEAL......Page 395 SECTION IV - REGULATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INTERNEES......Page 398 ARTICLE 79. - CASES OF INTERNMENT AND APPLICABLE PROVISIONS......Page 399 ARTICLE 80. - CIVIL CAPACITY......Page 402 ARTICLE 81. - MAINTENANCE......Page 405 ARTICLE 82. - GROUPING OF INTERNEES......Page 407 ARTICLE 83. - LOCATION OF PLACES OF INTERNMENT. MARKING OF CAMPS......Page 410 ARTICLE 84. - SEPARATE INTERNMENT......Page 412 ARTICLE 85. - ACCOMMODATION. - HYGIENE......Page 413 ARTICLE 87. - CANTEENS......Page 416 ARTICLE 88. - AIR RAID SHELTERS. - PROTECTIVE MEASURES......Page 419 ARTICLE 89. - FOOD......Page 420 ARTICLE 90. - CLOTHING......Page 424 ARTICLE 91. - MEDICAL ATTENTION......Page 426 ARTICLE 92. - MEDICAL INSPECTIONS......Page 430 ARTICLE 93. - RELIGIOUS DUTIES......Page 431 ARTICLE 94. - RECREATION, STUDY, SPORTS AND GAMES......Page 437 ARTICLE 95. - WORKING CONDITIONS......Page 441 ARTICLE 96. - LABOUR DETACHMENTS......Page 445 ARTICLE 97. - VALUABLES AND PERSONAL EFFECTS......Page 447 ARTICLE 98. - FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS......Page 452 ARTICLE 99. - CAMP ADMINISTRATION. POSTING OF THE CONVENTION AND OF ORDERS......Page 456 ARTICLE 100 - GENERAL DISCIPLINE......Page 459 ARTICLE 101. - COMPLAINTS AND PETITIONS......Page 461 ARTICLE 102. - INTERNEE COMMITTEES : I. ELECTION OF MEMBERS......Page 465 ARTICLE 103. - INTERNEE COMMITTEES: II. DUTIES......Page 468 ARTICLE 104. - INTERNEE COMMITTEES: III. PREROGATIVES......Page 470 ARTICLE 105. - NOTIFICATION OF THE MEASURES TAKEN......Page 473 ARTICLE 106. - INTERNMENT CARD......Page 474 ARTICLE 107. - CORRESPONDENCE......Page 476 ARTICLE 108. - RELIEF SHIPMENTS: I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES......Page 480 ARTICLE 109. - RELIEF SHIPMENTS: II. COLLECTIVE RELIEF......Page 484 ARTICLE 110. - RELIEF SHIPMENTS: III. EXEMPTION FROM POSTAL AND TRANSPORT CHARGES......Page 486 ARTICLE 111. - SPECIAL MEANS OF TRANSPORT......Page 492 ARTICLE 112. - CENSORSHIP AND EXAMINATION......Page 497 ARTICLE 113 - EXECUTION AND TRANSMISSION OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS......Page 499 ARTICLE 114. - MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY......Page 501 ARTICLE 116. - VISITS......Page 502 ARTICLE 117. - GENERAL PROVISIONS. APPLICABLE LEGISLATION......Page 504 ARTICLE 118. - PENALTIES......Page 506 ARTICLE 119. - DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS......Page 509 ARTICLE 120. - ESCAPES......Page 512 ARTICLE 121. - CONNECTED OFFENCES......Page 514 ARTICLE 122. - INVESTIGATIONS. CONFINEMENT AWAITING HEARING......Page 516 ARTICLE 123. - COMPETENT AUTHORITIES. PROCEDURE......Page 517 ARTICLE 124. - PREMISES FOR DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS......Page 521 ARTICLE 125. - ESSENTIAL SAFEGUARDS......Page 522 ARTICLE 126. - PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS......Page 525 ARTICLE 127. - CONDITIONS......Page 526 ARTICLE 128. - METHOD......Page 530 ARTICLE 129. - WILLS. DEATH CERTIFICATES......Page 531 ARTICLE 130. - BURIAL. CREMATION......Page 533 ARTICLE 131. - INTERNEES KILLED OR INJURED IN SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES......Page 536 ARTICLE 132. - DURING HOSTILITIES OR OCCUPATION......Page 538 ARTICLE 133. - RELEASE AFTER THE CLOSE OF HOSTILITIES......Page 542 ARTICLE 134. - REPATRIATION AND RETURN TO LAST PLACE OF RESIDENCE......Page 544 ARTICLE 135. - COSTS......Page 545 SECTION V - INFORMATION BUREAUX AND CENTRAL AGENCY......Page 549 ARTICLE 136. - NATIONAL BUREAUX......Page 550 ARTICLE 137. - TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION......Page 556 ARTICLE 138. - PARTICULARS REQUIRED......Page 561 ARTICLE 139. - FORWARDING OF PERSONAL VALUABLES......Page 565 ARTICLE 140. - CENTRAL AGENCY......Page 568 ARTICLE 141. - EXEMPTION FROM CHARGES......Page 578 ARTICLE 142. - RELIEF SOCIETIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS......Page 584 ARTICLE 143. - SUPERVISION......Page 594 ARTICLE 144. - DISSEMINATION OF THE CONVENTION......Page 608 ARTICLE 145. - TRANSLATIONS: RULES OF APPLICATION......Page 610 PENAL SANCTIONS - (ARTICLES 146 TO 148)......Page 611 ARTICLE 146. - PENAL SANCTIONS: GENERAL OBSERVATIONS......Page 617 ARTICLE 147. - GRAVE BREACHES......Page 624 ARTICLE 148. - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES......Page 630 ARTICLE 149. - ENQUIRY PROCEDURE......Page 631 ARTICLE 150. - LANGUAGES......Page 635 ARTICLE 151. - SIGNATURE......Page 637 ARTICLE 152. - RATIFICATION......Page 638 ARTICLE 154. - RELATION WITH THE HAGUE CONVENTIONS......Page 641 ARTICLE 155. - ACCESSION......Page 649 ARTICLE 157. - IMMEDIATE EFFECT......Page 650 ARTICLE 158. - DENUNCIATION......Page 651 ARTICLE 159. - REGISTRATION WITH THE UNITED NATIONS......Page 654 ANNEX I - DRAFT AGREEMENT RELATING TO HOSPITAL ANDSAFETY ZONES AND LOCALITIES......Page 655 ANNEX II - DRAFT REGULATIONS CONCERNING COLLECTIVE RELIEFFOR CIVILIAN INTERNEES......Page 668 ANNEX III - MODEL INTERNMENT CARDS, LETTERSAND CORRESPONDENCE CARDS......Page 674 RESOLUTIONS OF THE DIPLOMATIC CONFERENCE OF GENEVA, 1949......Page 679 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 683