The Foundations of Modern Terrorism : State, Society and the Dynamics of Political Violence

"Why is it that terrorism has become such a central factor in our lives despite all the efforts to eradicate it? Ranging from early modern Europe to the contemporary Middle East, Martin Miller reveals the foundations of modern terrorism. He argues that the French Revolution was a watershed moment as it was then that ordinary citizens first claimed the right to govern. The traditional notion of state legitimacy was forever altered and terrorism became part of a violent contest over control of state power between officials in government and insurgents in society. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries terrorism evolved into a way of seeing the world and a way of life for both insurgents and state security forces with the two sides drawn ever closer in their behaviour and tactics. This is a groundbreaking history of terrorism which, for the first time, integrates the violence of governments and insurgencies"-- Provided by publisher CONTENTS......Page 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 12 1 WRITING THE HISTORY OF TERRORISM......Page 15 2 THE ORIGINS OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN THE PRE-MODERN ERA......Page 24 3 TRAJECTORIES OF TERRORISM IN THE TRANSITION TO MODERNITY......Page 46 4 NINETEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONARY AND TSARIST TERRORISMS......Page 72 5 EUROPEAN NATION STATE TERRORISM AND ITS ANTAGONISTS, AT HOME AND ABROAD, 1848-1914......Page 112 6 TERRORISM IN A DEMOCRACY: THE UNITED STATES......Page 151 The assault on Native Americans......Page 152 Violence against African Americans......Page 160 7 COMMUNIST AND FASCIST AUTHORITARIAN TERROR......Page 177 Red Terror in Soviet Russia......Page 179 The Red Scare in the US......Page 183 Weimar violence and the Nazi prelude......Page 189 State terror in the Stalin era......Page 197 8 GLOBAL IDEOLOGICAL TERROR DURING THE COLD WAR......Page 211 Congo and Algeria......Page 213 South Africa......Page 217 Latin America......Page 222 Radical violence in the US......Page 234 Political violence in Western Europe......Page 242 9 TOWARD THE PRESENT: TERRORISM IN THEORY AND PRACTICE......Page 254 2 The origins of political violence in the pre-modern era......Page 273 3 Trajectories of terrorism in the transition to modernity......Page 275 4 Nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary and tsarist terrorisms......Page 277 5 European nation state terrorism and its antagonists, at home and abroad, 1848–1914......Page 282 6 Terrorism in a democracy: the United States......Page 286 7 Communist and fascist authoritarian terror......Page 288 8 Global ideological terror during the Cold War......Page 292 9 Toward the present: terrorism in theory and practice......Page 296 Index......Page 299 CONTENTS 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12 1 WRITING THE HISTORY OF TERRORISM 15 2 THE ORIGINS OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN THE PRE-MODERN ERA 24 3 TRAJECTORIES OF TERRORISM IN THE TRANSITION TO MODERNITY 46 4 NINETEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONARY AND TSARIST TERRORISMS 72 5 EUROPEAN NATION STATE TERRORISM AND ITS ANTAGONISTS, AT HOME AND ABROAD, 1848-1914 112 6 TERRORISM IN A DEMOCRACY: THE UNITED STATES 151 The assault on Native Americans 152 Violence against African Americans 160 7 COMMUNIST AND FASCIST AUTHORITARIAN TERROR 177 Red Terror in Soviet Russia 179 The Red Scare in the US 183 Weimar violence and the Nazi prelude 189 State terror in the Stalin era 197 8 GLOBAL IDEOLOGICAL TERROR DURING THE COLD WAR 211 Congo and Algeria 213 South Africa 217 Latin America 222 Radical violence in the US 234 Political violence in Western Europe 242 9 TOWARD THE PRESENT: TERRORISM IN THEORY AND PRACTICE 254 BIBLIOGRAPHY 273 2 The origins of political violence in the pre-modern era 273 3 Trajectories of terrorism in the transition to modernity 275 4 Nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary and tsarist terrorisms 277 5 European nation state terrorism and its antagonists, at home and abroad, 1848–1914 282 6 Terrorism in a democracy: the United States 286 7 Communist and fascist authoritarian terror 288 8 Global ideological terror during the Cold War 292 9 Toward the present: terrorism in theory and practice 296 Index 299 Machine generated contents note: 1. Writing the history of terrorism; 2. Religious terror and nation-state formation; 3. Trajectories of terrorism in the transition to modernity; 4. Nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary and Tsarist terrorisms; 5. European nation-state terrorism and its antagonists, 1848-1914; 6. Terrorism in a democracy: the US; 7. Communist and Fascist authoritarian terror; 8. Global ideological terrorism during the Cold War; 9. Toward the present: terrorism in theory and practice. A groundbreaking history of the roots of modern terrorism, ranging from early modern Europe to the contemporary Middle East