The Forgotten Schools: The Baha'is and Modern Education in Iran, 1899-1934 (International Library of Iranian Studies)

By the end of the nineteenth century it became evident to Iran’s ruling Qajar elite that the state’s contribution to the promotion of modern education in the country was unable to meet the growing expectations set by Iranian society. Muzaffar al-Din Shah sought to remedy this situation by permitting the entry of the private sector into the field of modern education and in 1899 the first Baha’i school was established in Tehran. By the 1930s there were dozens of Baha’i schools. Their high standards of education drew many non-Baha’i students, from all sections of society. Here Soli Shahvar assesses these ‘forgotten schools’ and investigates why they proved so popular not only with Baha’is, but Zoroastrians, Jews and especially Muslims. Shahvar explains why they were closed by the reformist Reza Shah in the late 1930s and the subsequent fragility of the Baha’is position in Iran. "The phonecall came from out of the blue, just when Sir Hilary Synnott was looking forward to retirement after helping steer India and Pakistan back from the verge of nuclear war. "It's about Iraq. We need a King of the South..."Bad Days in Basra" is the story of Synnott's time as Britain's most senior representative in Southern Iraq, trying to keep the region together as the rest of the country descended in to murderous violence. By turns wryly comic, revealing and heart-breaking, it offers a never seen before glimpse in to the high politics of the occupation. Shuttling between the gilded palaces of the Green Zone and the leaky outhouses which constituted Coalition HQ in Basra, Synnott had to negotiate his boss, Paul Bremer's brash indifference to what was going outside Baghdad, the indecisiveness of his London masters, and the brutal political realities of a country under occupation.Bearing witness for the first time to the chaotic fashion in which the coalition was run at the highest levels, Synnott's unique insider account is the most important primary source we yet have on how the South was lost. It offers new insights in to the style and motivations of key characters such as Bremer himself, US commander General David Petraeus and the then UK Foreign Minister Jack Straw. It provides an entertaining and witty portrait of the absurdities of life inside the occupying coalition, a devastating critique of CPA policies and controversial revelations about the real relationship between the two occupying powers, Britain and America."--Bloomsbury publishing. Abbreviations; Transliteration, Calendars And Dates; Illustrations; Acknowledgements; Preface; Introduction: Education In The Reformist Thought Of Nineteenth-century Iranians; 1. From Traditional To Modern Education: The State Of Education In Iran To The End Of The Nineteenth Century; 2. Opening The Door: Muzaffar Al-din Shah Qajar And The Advent Of Baha'i Schools In Iran; 3. Modern Baha'i Schools And Their Educational Standards; 4. Opposition To The Baha'i Schools; 5. Closing The Doors: Riza Shah Pahlavi And The Closure Of The Baha'i Schools In Iran; Conclusion; Appendix; Notes Soli Shahvar. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [249]-265) And Index.