The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics)

Theories and practices to assess critical information in a complex adaptive system Organized for readers to follow along easily, The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence provides a structured outline of the key challenges in assessing crucial information in a complex adaptive system. Illustrating a variety of computational and explanatory challenges, the book demonstrates principles and practical implications of exploring and assessing the fitness of information in an extensible framework of adaptive landscapes. The book's first three chapters introduce fundamental principles and practical examples in connection to the nature of aesthetics, mental models, and the subjectivity of evidence. In particular, the underlying question is how these issues can be addressed quantitatively, not only computationally but also explanatorily. The next chapter illustrates how one can reduce the level of complexity in understanding the structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge through the design and use of the CiteSpace system for visualizing and analyzing emerging trends in scientific literature. The following two chapters explain the concepts of structural variation and the fitness of information in a framework that builds on the idea of fitness landscape originally introduced to study population evolution. The final chapter presents a dual-map overlay technique and demonstrates how it supports a variety of analytic tasks for a new type of portfolio analysis. The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence also features: In-depth case studies and examples that characterize far-reaching concepts, illustrate underlying principles, and demonstrate profound challenges and complexities at various levels of analytic reasoning Wide-ranging topics that underline the common theme, from the subjectivity of evidence in criminal trials to detecting early signs of critical transitions and mechanisms behind radical patents An extensible and unifying framework for visual analytics by transforming analytic reasoning tasks to the assessment of critical evidence The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence is a suitable reference for researchers, analysts, and practitioners who are interested in analyzing evidence and making decisions with incomplete, uncertain, and even conflicting information. The book is also an excellent textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level courses on visual analytics, information visualization, and business analytics and decision support systems. **Theories and practices to assess critical information in a complex adaptive system**Organized for readers to follow along easily, __The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence__ provides a structured outline of the key challenges in assessing crucial information in a complex adaptive system. Illustrating a variety of computational and explanatory challenges, the book demonstrates principles and practical implications of exploring and assessing the fitness of information in an extensible framework of adaptive landscapes. The book’s first three chapters introduce fundamental principles and practical examples in connection to the nature of aesthetics, mental models, and the subjectivity of evidence. In particular, the underlying question is how these issues can be addressed quantitatively, not only computationally but also explanatorily. The next chapter illustrates how one can reduce the level of complexity in understanding the structure and dynamics of scientific knowledge through the design and use of the CiteSpace system for visualizing and analyzing emerging trends in scientific literature. The following two chapters explain the concepts of structural variation and the fitness of information in a framework that builds on the idea of fitness landscape originally introduced to study population evolution. The final chapter presents a dual-map overlay technique and demonstrates how it supports a variety of analytic tasks for a new type of portfolio analysis. __The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence__ also features: * In-depth case studies and examples that characterize far-reaching concepts, illustrate underlying principles, and demonstrate profound challenges and complexities at various levels of analytic reasoning * Wide-ranging topics that underline the common theme, from the subjectivity of evidence in criminal trials to detecting early signs of critical transitions and mechanisms behind radical patents * An extensible and unifying framework for visual analytics by transforming analytic reasoning tasks to the assessment of critical evidence __The Fitness of Information: Quantitative Assessments of Critical Evidence__ Cover; Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics; Title page; Copyright page; Preface; Chapter 1: Attention and Aesthetics; 1.1 Attention; 1.2 Gestalt Principles; 1.3 Aesthetics; 1.4 The Index of the Interesting; 1.5 Summary; Bibliography; Chapter 2: Mental Models; 2.1 Mental Models; 2.2 Creativity; 2.3 Foresights; 2.4 Summary; Bibliography; Chapter 3: Subjectivity of Evidence; 3.1 The Value of Information; 3.2 Causes Célèbre; 3.3 The Da Vinci Code; 3.4 Supreme Court Opinions; 3.5 Apple versus Samsung; 3.6 Summary; Bibliography; Chapter 4: Visualizing the Growth of Knowledge 4.1 Progressive Knowledge Domain Visualization4.2 CiteSpace; 4.3 Examples; 4.4 Summary; Bibliography; Chapter 5: Fitness Landscapes; 5.1 Cognitive Maps; 5.2 Fitness Landscapes; 5.3 Applications of Fitness Landscapes; 5.4 Summary; Bibliography; Chapter 6: Structural Variation; 6.1 Complex Adaptive Systems; 6.2 Radical Patents; 6.3 Bridging the Gaps; 6.4 Applications; 6.5 Summary; Bibliography; Chapter 7: Gap Analytics; 7.1 Portfolio Analysis and Risk Assessment; 7.2 Interactive Overlays; 7.3 Examples of Dual-Map Overlays; 7.4 Summary; 7.5 Conclusion; Bibliography; Index Content: Attention and aesthetics -- Mental models -- Subjectivity of evidence -- Visualizing the growth of knowledge -- Fitness landscapes -- Structural variation -- Gap analytics.