The Fifth Crusade In Context: The Crusading Movement In The Early Thirteenth Century (crusades - Subsidia)

The Fifth Crusade represented a cardinal event in early thirteenth-century history, occurring during what was probably the most intensive period of crusading in both Europe and the Holy Land. Following the controversial outcome of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, and the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, Pope Innocent III's reform agenda was set to give momentum to a new crusading effort. Despite the untimely death of Innocent III in 1216, the elaborate organisation and firm crusading framework made it possible for Pope Honorius III to launch and oversee the expedition. The Fifth Crusade marked the last time that a medieval pope would succeed in mounting a full-scale, genuinely international crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land, yet, despite its significance, it has largely been neglected in the historiography. The crusade was much more than just a military campaign, and the present book locates it in the contemporary context for the first time. "The Fifth Crusade in Context" is of crucial importance not only to better understand the organization and execution of the expedition itself, but also to appreciate its place in the longer history of crusading, as well as the significance of its impact on the medieval world. This volume brings together an international group of scholars working on the Fifth Crusade and the crusading movement in the early thirteenth century, exemplifying the new approaches being pursued in the study of the crusades and religious medieval history more broadly. The contributions address the historiographical debate, the roles of the papacy and the German empire, the preaching and recruiting of the crusade, the situation in Egypt and the Holy Land, the textual traditions and, finally, the political importance of the crusade in Europe. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Information 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 List of tables and maps 11 List of Contributors 12 Foreword 17 Acknowledgements 20 Abbreviations 21 Maps 24 Introduction 26 1 The historiography of the Fifth Crusade 30 Notes 33 Part I Papal and imperial influence 38 2 The role of Pope Honorius III in the Fifth Crusade 40 Notes 46 3 ‘Totius populi Christiani negotium’: The crusading conception of Pope Honorius III, 1216–21 52 The middle position of the clergy in Christian society 53 The predominance of holy shrines in Honorius’s thought 55 A crusade marked by the seal of penitence and miracle 58 Document: the official reaction of Honorius III to the failure of the Fifth Crusade 61 Notes 63 4 From King John of Jerusalem to the Emperor-elect Frederick II: A neglected letter from the Fifth Crusade 65 Notes 73 Part II Preaching and propaganda 76 5 The impact of Prester John on the Fifth Crusade 78 Notes 88 6 The Fifth Crusade and the conversion of the Muslims 93 Francis of Assisi and the conversion of non-Christians in the pre-1228 accounts 96 The learned approach to the conversion of the non-Christians: Oliver of Cologne’s letters to al-Kāmil 105 Conclusions 109 Notes 110 7 Crusade and reform: The sermons of Bibliothèque Nationale, MS nouv. acq. lat. 999 117 Notes 132 Part III Egypt and the Holy Land 140 8 The place of Egypt in the military strategy of the crusades, 1099–1221 142 I 144 II 148 III 152 Notes 156 9 The indigenous Christians of the Ayyūbid Sultanate at the time of the Fifth Crusade 160 Introduction 160 Dhimmīs and Ayyūbids 161 Notes 166 10 Pilgrimage, the Holy Land and the Fifth Crusade 171 The origins of pilgrimage in northern Egypt 172 Pilgrimage in the twelfth century 173 The Fifth Crusade 176 The impact of the Fifth Crusade 179 Conclusion 181 Notes 182 Part IV Textual traditions 186 11 Ernoul, Eracles and the Fifth Crusade 188 I 189 II 193 III 195 Notes 197 12 ‘Rome, vos estes refroidie d’aidier la terre de Surie’: Originality and reception of Huon of Saint-Quentin’s ... 200 Huon’s critique and the redefinition of crusading 200 Transmission and adaptations of Huon’s work 204 Notes 207 13 The events of the Fifth Crusade according to the Cypriot chronicle of ‘Amadi’ 210 Notes 217 Part V The Fifth Crusade in Europe 218 14 The Teutonic Order during the Fifth Crusade and their rise in Western Europe: The French case study (1218–58) 220 Notes 227 15 Croats and the Fifth Crusade: Did two members of the Babonić noble family accompany King Andrew II of ... 230 Introduction 230 The Babonići brothers as crusaders: historical context 232 King Louis’s charter in 1352 236 The unrealistic number of horsemen 238 Conclusion 239 Notes 239 16 Norway and the Fifth Crusade: The crusade movement on the outskirts of Europe 243 Norwegian historiography and the crusades 243 Norwegian crusading in the twelfth century 244 Events in Norway prior to the Fourth Lateran Council 245 The Fourth Lateran Council and royal involvement 247 Disintegration 248 Conclusion 250 Notes 251 Index 256 The Fifth Crusade Represented A Cardinal Event In Early Thirteenth-century History, Occurring During What Was Probably The Most Intensive Period Of Crusading In Both Europe And The Holy Land. Following The Controversial Outcome Of The Fourth Crusade In 1204, And The Decrees Of The Fourth Lateran Council In 1215, Pope Innocent Iii's Reform Agenda Was Set To Give Momentum To A New Crusading Effort. Despite The Untimely Death Of Innocent Iii In 1216, The Elaborate Organisation And Firm Crusading Framework Made It Possible For Pope Honorius Iii To Launch And Oversee The Expedition. The Fifth Crusade Marked The Last Time That A Medieval Pope Would Succeed In Mounting A Full-scale, Genuinely International Crusade For The Recovery Of The Holy Land, Yet, Despite Its Significance, It Has Largely Been Neglected In The Historiography. The Crusade Was Much More Than Just A Military Campaign, And The Present Book Locates It In The Contemporary Context For The First Time. The Fifth Crusade In Context Is Of Crucial Importance Not Only To Better Understand The Organization And Execution Of The Expedition Itself, But Also To Appreciate Its Place In The Longer History Of Crusading, As Well As The Significance Of Its Impact On The Medieval World.--publisher's Website. Edited By E.j. Mylod, Guy Perry, Thomas W. Smith And Jan Vandeburie. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.