The Expression of Emotion: Philosophical, Psychological and Legal Perspectives (Studies in Emotion and Social Interaction)

The Expression Of Emotion Collects Cutting-edge Essays On Emotional Expression Written By Leading Philosophers, Psychologists, And Legal Theorists. It Highlights Areas Of Interdisciplinary Research Interest, Including Facial Expression, Expressive Action, And The Role Of Both Normativity And Context In Emotion Perception. Whilst Philosophical Discussion Of Emotional Expression Has Addressed The Nature Of Expression And Its Relation To Action Theory, Psychological Work On The Topic Has Focused On The Specific Mechanisms Underpinning Different Facial Expressions And Their Recognition. Further, Work In Both Legal And Political Theory Has Had Much To Say About The Normative Role Of Emotional Expressions, But Would Benefit From Greater Engagement With Both Psychological And Philosophical Research. In Combining Philosophical, Psychological, And Legal Work On Emotional Expression, The Present Volume Brings These Distinct Approaches Into A Productive Conversation-- Machine Generated Contents Note: Introduction: Emotional Expression Joel Smith And Catharine Abell; Part I. Philosophical Perspectives: 1. Expressing, Showing And Representing Mitchell Green; 2. Emotions And Their Expressions James Sias And Dorit Bar-on; 3. Expressive Actions Christopher Bennett; 4. Emotional Expression, Commitment, And Joint Value Bennett W. Helm; 5. Collective Emotion And The Function Of Expressive Behaviour Carolyn Price; Part Ii. Psychological Perspectives: 6. Emotional Expression Hyisung C. Hwang And David Matsumoto; 7. A Skeptical Look At Faces As Emotion Signals James A. Russell; 8. Cultural Specificities In The Transmission And Decoding Of Facial Expressions Of Emotion Rachael E. Jack; 9. The Impact Of Context On The Perception Of Emotions Ursula Hess And Shlomo Hareli; 10. The Truth Is Written All Over Your Face! Involuntary Aspects Of Emotional Facial Expressions Alysha Baker, Pamela J. Black And Stephen Porter; Part Iii. Legal Perspectives: 11. Regulating The Expression Of Remorse And The Building Of Moral Communities Richard Weisman; 12. Share Your Grief But Not Your Anger: Victims And The Expression Of Emotion In Criminal Justice Susan A. Bandes; 13. Performing Anger To Signal Injustice: The Expression Of Anger In Victim Impact Statements Sarah Sorial; Index. Edited By Catharine Abell, Joel Smith. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover 1 Half-title 2 Series information 3 Title page 4 Copyright information 5 Table of contents 6 Notes of contributors 8 Acknowledgements 12 Introduction: Emotional Expression 14 References 33 Part I Philosophical Perspectives 36 1. Expressing, Showing and Representing 38 1.1 Expression as Genitive or Generic 38 1.2 Some Emotions Are Perceptible 41 1.3 If Emotions Are Not Natural Kinds 46 1.4 Speech Acts 48 1.5 Charged Language 50 1.6 Expressive Figures 54 References 56 2. Emotions and Their Expressions 59 2.1 Introduction 59 2.2 Expression, Emotion and Perception 61 2.3 Philosophical Theories of Emotion: A Brief Overview 70 2.4 What Can Emotions Be That They Might Be Literally Perceived? 73 2.5 Concluding Remarks 82 References 83 3. Expressive Actions 86 3.1 Introduction: Hursthouse’s Puzzle 86 3.2 How Could We See Expressive Actions as Carried Out for a Reason? 88 3.3 Expressive Action as ‘Doing Justice’ 91 3.4 Expressive Acts, Expressive Power and Symbolism 96 3.5 Explaining Action Out of Emotion 100 3.6 Conclusion 105 References 106 4. Emotional Expression, Commitment and Joint Value 108 4.1 Evincing and Expressing Emotions 109 4.2 Expressions and Reports 116 4.3 Emotional Expressions and Joint Value 120 References 126 5. Collective Emotion and the Function of Expressive Behaviour 128 5.1 Introduction 128 5.2 Approaches to Collective Emotion 129 5.3 Collective Emotional Phenomena? 132 5.4 Expressive Behaviour 135 5.5 Collective Emotional Action 138 5.6 Collective Emotional Cognition 141 5.7 Shared and Collective Emotion 143 References 146 Part II Psychological Perspectives 148 6. Emotional Expression 150 6.1 Emotions 150 6.1.1 Understanding Emotions 150 6.1.2 The Primary Theory behind Biological Emotion 151 6.1.3 Facial Expressions of Emotion 152 6.1.4 Research in Facial Expressions of Emotion: Judgement Studies 153 6.1.5 Research in Facial Expressions of Emotion: Production Studies 154 6.1.6 Evidence from Blind versus Sighted Individuals 156 6.1.7 Summary 158 6.2 Functions of Emotional Expressions on Face 159 6.2.1 Intrapersonal Effects 159 6.2.2 Interpersonal Effects 159 6.2.3 Summary 161 6.3 Emotional Expressions and Culture 161 6.3.1 Culture 161 6.3.2 Cultural Display Rules: Cultural Differences in Expressing Emotion 162 6.3.3 The Display Rule Assessment Inventory and a Worldwide Mapping of Cultural Display Rules 164 6.4 Conclusion 165 References 166 7. A Sceptical Look at Faces as Emotion Signals 170 7.1 The Prototype Version of Basic Emotion Theory 170 7.2 The Production of Facial Movements 172 7.3 The Onlooker’s Interpretation of Facial Movements 175 7.4 Revisions to BET 178 7.5 The Nature of Emotion 179 References 182 8. Cultural Specificities in the Transmission and Decoding of Facial Expressions of Emotion 186 8.1 A Brief History of Research on Facial Expressions of Emotion 188 8.2 Emotion Communication Is a System of Information Transmission and Decoding 190 8.3 Re-Visiting the Universal Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion 192 8.4 Culture-Specific Decoding of Universal Facial Expressions Produces Confusions 193 8.5 Modelling Facial Expressions of Emotion Using a Data-Driven Psychophysics Approach 196 8.6 Modelling Dynamic Facial Expressions of Emotion across Cultures 200 8.7 Summary 203 8.8 Future Research Directions 205 References 206 9. The Impact of Context on the Perception of Emotions 212 9.1 Introduction 212 9.2 The Two-Path Model of Emotion Recognition 215 9.3 Inferences from Emotion Perception 216 9.3.1 A Model of the Reverse Engineering of Appraisals 216 9.4 Types of Context 218 9.4.1 Situational Context 218 9.4.2 The Perceiver as Context 219 9.5 Limits to the Malleability of Emotion Perception 222 9.6 A Model of Social Signals in Context 224 References 227 10. The Truth Is Written All Over Your Face! Involuntary Aspects of Emotional Facial Expressions 232 10.1 Introduction 232 10.2 The Status and Role of the Face in Interpersonal Communication 233 10.3 Emotional Expressions: Universal, Learned...or Both? 235 10.4 Voluntary and Involuntary Aspects of Emotional Deception 237 10.5 Manifestations of Sincere and Insincere Basic Emotions 239 10.5.1 Voluntary Aspects of Insincere Emotional Expressions 242 10.5.2 Involuntary Aspects of Insincere Emotional Expressions 244 10.6 Communicating False Emotion in High-Stakes Contexts 246 10.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 250 Acknowledgements 250 References 250 Part III Legal Perspectives 258 11. Regulating the Expression of Remorse and the Building of Moral Communities 260 11.1 Introduction 260 11.2 Remorse and the Construction of Moral Communities 263 11.3 Making Moral Communities Visible 265 11.3.1 The Undoing and Rebuilding of Moral Communities in Wartime 266 11.3.2 Regime Change and Remorse 268 11.3.3 Occupations as Moral Communities 271 11.4 Remorse, Moral Communities and Dehumanization 273 References 274 12. Share Your Grief but Not Your Anger 276 12.1 Introduction 276 12.2 The Courtroom: An Emotion Culture 279 12.3 Victim Emotion in the Courtroom 281 12.4 The Rationales for the Expression of Emotion by Crime Victims 283 12.4.1 For the Victim: Healing, Closure and Catharsis 283 12.4.2 For the Defendant: Inculcating Remorse, Empathy or Shame 287 12.4.3 For the Court: Providing Information 289 12.5 Display Rules: Communicating and Interpreting Victim Emotion 291 12.5.1 Explicit Rules and Expectations 291 12.5.2 Expected and Deviant Emotions: The Implicit Rules 293 12.6 Conclusion 297 References 297 13. Performing Anger to Signal Injustice 300 13.1 Introduction 300 13.2 What Is Anger? 302 13.3 Expressing Anger in Victim Impact Statements 303 13.4 The Place of Anger in Law 307 13.5 Anger, Judgement and the Empirical Evidence 309 13.6 Performing Anger 314 13.6.1 Courtroom Performances 315 13.6.2 Performing Anger to Secure Recognition for Injustice 316 13.6.3 Performing Anger to Foster Empathy and Elicit an Appropriate Response 317 13.6.4 Restoring Community Relations 318 References 321 Index 324 "The Expression of Emotion collects cutting-edge essays on emotional expression written by leading philosophers, psychologists, and legal theorists. It highlights areas of interdisciplinary research interest, including facial expression, expressive action, and the role of both normativity and context in emotion perception. Whilst philosophical discussion of emotional expression has addressed the nature of expression and its relation to action theory, psychological work on the topic has focused on the specific mechanisms underpinning different facial expressions and their recognition. Further, work in both legal and political theory has had much to say about the normative role of emotional expressions, but would benefit from greater engagement with both psychological and philosophical research. In combining philosophical, psychological, and legal work on emotional expression, the present volume brings these distinct approaches into a productive conversation"-- Informació facilitada per l'editor.