The Excavation of Roman and Mediaeval London (Routledge Library Editions: Archaeology)

Reissuing works originally published between 1930 and 1996, this set presents a rich selection of renowned and lesser-known scholarship across the subject. Classic previously out-of-print works are brought back into print here in this set of research, guidance and surveys. It includes works of theory and of practical research, ranging over a wide range of themes from archaeology and place-names to industrial archaeology to the rock art of Africa. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Original Title Page 6 Original Copyright Page 7 Dedication 8 Table of Contents 10 Preface 14 List of Figures 16 List of Plates 20 I. Introduction 26 II. The Roman Fort of Cripplegate 40 1. INTRODUCTION: THE POSITION IN 1947 40 2. THE DISCOVERY OF THE FORT 42 3. THE WEST GATEWAY 54 4. ROMAN FEATURES WITHIN THE FORT 57 5. THE HISTORY OF THE FORT 63 6. A NOTE ON SOME EARLY ROADS IN AND ABOUT LONDON 65 III. London Wall 72 1. THE ROMAN CITY WALL 72 2. THE DATE OF THE ROMAN WALL 75 3. THE ROMAN WALL: SOME FURTHER OBSERVATIONS 76 4. THE RIVER FRONTAGE IN ROMAN TIMES 81 5. THE LATER HISTORY OF THE ROMAN WALL AND THE BASTIONS 89 6. NEW EVIDENCE ON THE DATE OF SOME OF THE BASTIONS 96 7. LONDON WALL IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND LATER 103 8. NOTE ON THE NORTH-WESTERN SECTIONS OF LONDON WALL PRESERVED AS A RESULT OF THE BOMBING IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR 116 IV. The Temple of Mithras and its Surroundings 117 1. INTRODUCTION 117 2. THE WALBROOK VALLEY 117 3. THE TEMPLE 123 V. Roman Minor Sites 145 1. INTRODUCTION 145 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF SITES 145 Windsor Court–Falcon Square (5: 1947, 1956) 145 Gutter Lane, Cheapside (25: 1946) 146 Bittiter Square, Fenchurch Street (51: 1946) 149 Mark Lane (52: 1949–50) 150 Austin Friars (50: 1950–1) 151 Salters' Hall, St. Swithin's Lane (49: 1949) 154 Walbrook House, Walbrook (46: 1954) 156 St. Michael Paternoster Royal, College Hill (47: 1949) 157 Bucklersbury, Cheap side (43: 1955) 158 Cheapside, South (38: 1955) 161 Blossoms Inn, Lawrence Lane (41: 1955) 162 Honey Lane, Cheapside (40: 1954–5) 164 Friday Street (37: 195 3–4) 168 St. Swithun, London Stone (48: 1960–1) 169 Queen Victoria Street–Carter Lane (30–1: 1960) 172 Cheapside, Lawrence Lane (42: 1961) 173 Newgate Street–Paternoster Row Area (26–9: 1961–2) 175 VI. Mediaeval Sites: Part One 178 1. INTRODUCTION 178 2. THE ‘LOST’ CENTURIES 180 3. HUT-PITS IN CANNON STREET AND ELSEWHERE 182 4. MINOR MEDIAEVAL STRUCTURES 187 5. SECULAR BUILDINGS 190 VII. Mediaeval Sites: Part Two 200 1. INTRODUCTION 200 2. THE CHARTERHOUSE 202 3. THE JEWS’ GARDEN 207 4. THE CHURCH OF ST. BRIDE, FLEET STREET 209 5. THE CLOISTER OF THE PRIORY CHURCH OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT, WEST SMITHFIELD 225 6. THE CHURCH OF ST. SWITHUN LONDON STONE 226 7. THE CHURCH OF ST. ALBAN WOOD STREET 230 8. THE CLUNIAC ABBEY OF ST. SAVIOUR, BERMONDSEY 237 VIII. Epilogue 245 The Roman and Mediaeval London Excavation Council 269 Subscribers to the Council’s Excavation Fund 272 Index 280 This book is one of a series of volumes resulting from the World Archaeological Congress, September 1986 which addressed world archaeology in its widest sense, investigating how people lived in the past and how and why changes took place to result in the forms of society and culture which exist now. The series brought together archaeologists and anthropologists from many parts of the world, academics from contingent disciplines, and also non-academics from a wide range of cultural backgrounds who could lend their own expertise to the discussions. This book is an exploration of the way in which the animal world features in the works of art of a variety of cultures of different times and places. Contributors have adopted a variety of perspectives for looking at the complex ways in which past and present humans have interrelated with beings they classify as animals. Some of the approaches are predominantly economic and ecological, some are symbolic and others philosophical or theological. All these different views are included in the interpretation of the artworks of the past, revealing some of the foci and inspirations of cultural attitudes to animals. Originally published 1989 This is an immensely fascinating work, published originally in 1968, which is of great value in understanding London's past. The immediate background to the excavations was the bombing of London during the Second World War, which led to the destruction of more than fifty of the three hundred and fifty or so acres that make up the walled city. The interval before rebuilding was a magnificent opportunity for archaeological excavation. The Royal Society of Antiquaries of London established the Roman and Mediaeval London Excavation Council to organise an extended programme which began in July 1947 and went on until 1962. This volume reports on the major series of excavations and deals in detail with Cripplegate, the Temple of Mithras and many mediaeval churches including St Bride's, Fleet Street. Experimental archaeology is a new approach to the study of early man. By reconstructing and testing models of ancient equipment with the techniques available to early man, we learn how he lived, hunted, fought and built. What did early man eat? How did he store and cook his food? How did he make his tools and weapons and pottery? Such everyday questions, besides the more dramatic mysteries associated with the monuments of Easter Island and Stonehenge and the colonization of Polynesia, can all be explored by experiment A comprehensive discussion of what can be established about the culture and daily life of medieval Germany. Besides methodological questions, the author considers what can be learnt about the history of settlement and architecture, of technology, of economic and social matters, of churches and missions, and of population, diet and vegetation. This volume develops a new approach to plant exploitation and early agriculture in a worldwide comparative context. The studies throughout the book come from a worldwide range of geographical contexts, from the Andes to China and from Australia to the Upper Mid-West of North America. Originally published 1989.