The Ethics of the Environment (The International Library of Essays in Public and Professional Ethics)

"This book brings together over thirty of the foremost contributions to environmental ethics, from pioneering papers to recent work at the cutting edge of thought in this field. It also unites them through an innovative introductory essay which appraises both strengths and weaknesses and presents a distinctive view of the subject. Areas covered include the land ethic, Deep Ecology, biocentric approaches, environmental virtue ethics, feminist contributions, debates on equity and on the interests and representation of future generations, preservation, sustainability and sustainable development. The importance of attempts to discover a comprehensive ethic relevant both to the environment and other key areas of ethical debate is highlighted. Robin Attfield has been working in this field for thirty years, and has published several related collections and monographs, of which the latest is Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty-First Century, published by Polity in 2003. The Ethics of The Environment complements that work, from which it incorporates a significant extract about the considerable practical difference that environmental ethics is capable of making."--Publisher's website Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgements 10 Series Preface 14 Introduction 16 PART I VALUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 32 1 ‘Is There a Need for a New, an Environmental, Ethic?’, in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren and John Clark (eds) (1993), Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 12–21 34 2 ‘Is There an Ecological Ethic?’, Ethics, 85, pp. 93–109 44 3 ‘Anthropocentrism, Atomism, and Environmental Ethics’, Environmental Ethics, 4, pp. 115–23 62 4 ‘Postmodernism, Value and Objectivity’, Environmental Values, 10, pp. 145–62 72 5 ‘Why Environmental Ethics Shouldn’t Give Up on Intrinsic Value’, Environmental Ethics, 29, pp. 43–61 90 6 Nature – Every Last Drop of It – Is Good, Thingmount Working Paper Series on the Philosophy of Conservation, Department of Philosophy, Lancaster University, pp. 1–17 110 PART II THE LAND ETHIC AND DEEP ECOLOGY 128 7 ‘The Land Ethic’, in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren and John Clark (eds) (1993), Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 95–109 130 8 ‘The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary’, Inquiry, 16, pp. 95–100 146 9 ‘Hume’s Is/Ought Dichotomy and the Relation of Ecology to Leopold’s Land Ethic’, Environmental Ethics, 4, pp. 163–74 152 10 ‘The Land Ethic and Callicott’s Ethical System (1980–2001): An Overview and Critique’, Inquiry, 44, pp. 331–58 164 11 ‘The Inadequacy of Callicott’s Ecological Communitarianism’, Environmental Ethics, 28, pp. 395–412 192 12 ‘Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique’, Environmental Ethics, 11, pp. 71–83 210 13 ‘Nature, Self, and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosophy, and the Critique of Rationalism’, Hypatia, 6, pp. 3–27 224 14 ‘Beasts Versus the Biosphere?’, Environmental Values, 1, pp. 113–21 250 PART III BIOCENTRIC APPROACHES 260 15 ‘On Being Morally Considerable’, Journal of Philosophy, 75, pp. 308–25 262 16 ‘The Ethics of Respect for Nature’, Environmental Ethics, 3, pp. 197–218 280 17 ‘The Nature and Possibility of an Environmental Ethic’, Environmental Ethics, 3, pp. 19–34 302 18 ‘Biocentric Individualism’, in David Schmidtz and Elizabeth Willott (eds), Environmental Ethics: What Really Matters, What Really Works, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108–20 318 19 ‘A Biocentrist Strikes Back’, Environmental Ethics, 20, pp. 361–76 332 PART IV VIRTUE ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES 348 20 ‘Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments’, Environmental Ethics, 5, pp. 211–24 350 21 ‘Environmental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrism’, Environmental Ethics, 6, pp. 131–48 364 22 ‘Must a Concern for the Environment be Centred on Human Beings?’, in Bernard Williams, Making Sense of Humanity and Other Philosophical Papers, 1982–1993, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 233–40 382 23 ‘When Utilitarians Should Be Virtue Theorists’, Utilitas, 19, pp. 160–83 390 PART V EQUITY AND THE FUTURE 414 24 ‘Nuclear Energy and Obligations to the Future’, Inquiry, 21, pp. 133–79 416 25 ‘Why Care About the Future?’, in Ernest Partridge (ed.), Responsibilities to Future Generations, Environmental Ethics, Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, pp. 203–20 464 26 ‘Global Environment and International Inequality’, International Affairs, 75, pp. 531–45 482 27 ‘Adaptation, Mitigation, and Justice’, in Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Richard B. Howarth (eds), Perspectives on Climate Change: Science, Economics, Politics, Ethics: Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources, 5, pp. 217–48 498 28 ‘Giving a Voice to Posterity – Deliberative Democracy and Representation of Future People’, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 18, pp. 429–50 530 PART VI PRESERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 552 29 ‘Feeding People versus Saving Nature?’, in William Aiken and Hugh FaFollette (eds), World Hunger and Morality, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 248–67 554 30 ‘Saving Nature and Feeding People’, Environmental Ethics, 26, pp. 339–60 574 31 ‘Distributive Justice and Environmental Sustainability’, Heythrop Journal, 41, pp. 449–60 596 PART VII MAKING A DIFFERENCE 608 32 ‘The Ethicist Conception of Environmental Problems’, Environmental Values, 9, pp. 127–52 610 33 ‘Can Environmental Ethics make a Difference?’, in Robin Attfield, Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 75–84 (plus notes) 636 Name Index 648