تفاوت اساسی: مغزهای مردانه و زنانه و حقیقت دربارهٔ اوتیسم

for all those who think there's no difference between males and females cited in [*The Complementarity of Women and Men: Philosophy, Theology, Psychology & Art*](https://isidore.co/calibre/#panel=book_details&book_id=8910) and Fortin's [*Fatherhood & the Perfection of Masculine Identity*](https://isidore.co/calibre/#panel=book_details&book_id=8995) cf.: David M. Greenberg et al., “[Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing Theory of Sex Differences and the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism in Half a Million People](https://isidore.co/misc/Physics%20papers%20and%20books/Zotero/storage/TUAW3GRH/Greenberg%20et%20al.%20-%202018%20-%20Testing%20the%20Empathizing%E2%80%93Systemizing%20theory%20of%20sex%20.pdf),” *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 115, no. 48 (November 27, 2018): 12152–57. * * * We all appreciate that there are differences in the typical psychology of men and women. Yet underlying these subtle differences, Simon Baron-Cohen believes, there is one essential difference, and it affects everything we do: Men have a tendency to analyze and construct systems while women are inclined to empathize. With fresh evidence for these claims, Baron-Cohen explores how these sex differences arise more from biological than cultural causes and shows us how each brain type contributes in various ways to what we think of as "intelligence." Emphasizing that not all men have the typically "male" brain, which he calls Type "S," and not all women have the typically female brain (Type "E"), Baron-Cohen explores the cutting-edge research that illuminates our individual differences and explains why a truly "balanced" brain is so rare. Filled with surprising and illuminating case studies, many from Baron-Cohen's own clinical practice, The Essential Difference moves beyond the stereotypes to elucidate over twenty years of groundbreaking research. From gossip to aggression, Baron-Cohen dissects each brain type and even presents a new theory that autism (as well as its close relative, Asperger's syndrome) can be understood as an extreme form of the male brain. Smart and engaging, this is the thinking person's guide to gender difference, a book that promises to change the conversation about-and between-men and women. "At last, leading psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen confirms what most of us have long suspected: male and female brains are different. This groundbreaking and controversial study reveals the scientific evidence (present even in one-day-old babies) that proves female brains are better at empathizing and communicating, while male brains are stronger at understanding and building systems--not just computers and machinery, but abstract systems such as politics and music. Most revolutionary of all, The Essential Difference also puts forward the compelling new theory that autism (and the related condition of Asperger Syndrome) is actually an example of the extreme male brain, leaving those with the condition able to analyze the most complex systems but unable to relate to others' emotional lives. Understanding our essential difference, Simon Baron-Cohen concludes, may help us not just to make sense of our partners' foibles, but to solve one of the most mysterious scientific riddles of our time."--Back cover of paperback The male and female brain Boy meets girl What is empathizing? The female brain as empathizer : the evidence What is systemizing? The male brain as systemizer : the evidence Culture Biology Evolution of the male and female brain Autism : the extreme male brain A professor of mathematics The extreme female brain : back to the future. Draws on the author's experience in clinical practice to identify a basic, biological difference in male and female psychology, profiling and presenting evidence about gender-based brain types to offer insight into a range of behaviors and conditions The science behind Mars and Venus, including the surprising link between the extreme male brain and autism The subject of essential sex differences in the mind is clearly very deli .