The English Emblem Tradition : Volume 3: Emblematic Flag Devices of the English Civil Wars, 1642-1660

Preface into regimental history. These same scholars have often also been the inspiration behind those by now familiar English cultural events-the re-enactments of Civil War battles. I wish in particular to acknowledge the generous help and encouragement I have received from Stephen Ede-Borrett, author of a number of publications on the English Civil Wars. He read early drafts of my material and consequently helped me avoid many a pitfall. Needless to say, any remaining errors are entirely my own responsibility. Other help that I wish to acknowledge came from a number of fellow students of the emblem, in particular Michael Bath (University of Strathclyde), John Manning (The Queen's University of Belfast), Daniel Russell (University of Pittsburgh), and above all the general editor of this series, Peter Daly (McGill University). To my colleague Beert Verstraete (Acadia University), who assisted me in the translation of the Latin mottoes, I owe a special debt. I also wish to acknowledge the assistance of the following: Rev.

Interest in creating emblematic devices, fashionable during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, did not disappear in England with the demise of the tournament and the Stuart masque. Alan R. Young examines the hundreds of emblematic devices used by the warring parties on their military flags during and immediatley after, the English Civil Wars. To be fully understood, these emblematic devices must be 'read' as part of the massive propaganda war waged by the different factions. This collection throws light on the nature of the conflicts that led to the civil wars, based on the views set forth in the emblems and mottoes designed by the men who risked their lives in the cause of Parliament, king, covenant, or Irish Confederacy.

Unlike earlier volumes in the Index Emblematicus series, which draw on printed emblem books as their sources, The English Emblem Tradition, Volume 3 brings together a corpus of material that was previously scattered widely among a number of surviving manuscripts. Wherever possible, carefully drawn illustrations of details of the flags have been reproduced from the original manuscripts. The flags are listed in alphabetical order by motto ( the mottoes are translated from the original Latin, French, Spanish, and other languages). A series of concordances, indexes, and lists makes the volume extremely accessible. Because of the unusual nature of the source material, a lengthy introductory essay is provided to explain the indexing of the text.

CONTENTS 5 Preface 7 Abbreviations 9 Glossaries 16 Key Events 20 Introduction: The English Civil War Flags 23 THE EMBLEMATIC FLAG DEVICES OF THE ENGLISH CIVIL WARS 69 CONCORDANCES, INDEXES, AND LISTS 340 Picture Index 340 Index of Pictures (Proper Names) 368 Index of Pictures (Inscriptions) 370 Index of Latin Mottoes 372 Index of Latin Mottoes (Proper Names) 379 Index of English Mottoes 381 Index of English Mottoes (Proper Names) 384 Index of French Mottoes 386 Index of French Mottoes (Proper Names) 386 Index of Italian Mottoes 386 Index of Spanish Mottoes 386 Motto Index (Translations) 387 Index of Proper Names (Motto Translations) 395 Alphabetical List of Latin Mottoes (With Translations) 398 Alphabetical List of English Mottoes 405 Alphabetical List of French Mottoes (With Translations) 406 Alphabetical List of Italian Mottoes (With Translations) 406 Alphabetical List of Spanish Mottoes (With Translations) 406 Bearers Index 407 Lists of Flag Devices According to Political Allegiance 411