The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Dolphin Edition

Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 Contents......Page 4 Preface......Page 20 About the Authors......Page 24 Peopling New Worlds......Page 26 CHRONOLOGY 13,000 B.C.–A.D. 1500......Page 28 Archaic Societies......Page 29 Mesoamerica and South America......Page 30 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS The Origins and Spread of Agriculture......Page 33 The Southwest......Page 35 The Eastern Woodlands......Page 37 Nonfarming Societies......Page 39 Kinship and Gender......Page 41 Spiritual and Social Values......Page 42 Conclusion......Page 44 West Africa: Tradition and Change......Page 46 CHRONOLOGY, 1400–1625......Page 48 European Culture and Society......Page 50 Religious Upheavals......Page 53 The Reformation in England, 1533–1625......Page 55 Europe and the Atlantic World, 1400–1600......Page 56 The "New Slavery" and Racism......Page 57 To America and Beyond, 1492–1522......Page 59 Spain's Conquistadors, 1492–1536......Page 60 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Sugar Production in the Americas......Page 61 The Columbian Exchange......Page 63 Spain's Northern Frontier......Page 65 France: Colonizing Canada......Page 69 England and the Atlantic World, 1558-1603......Page 70 Failure and Success in Virginia, 1603–1625......Page 72 New England Begins, 1614–1625......Page 74 Conclusion......Page 76 State and Church in Virginia......Page 78 State and Church in Maryland......Page 79 CHRONOLOGY, 1625–1700......Page 80 Death, Gender, and Kinship......Page 81 Tobacco Shapes a Region, 1630–1675......Page 82 Bacon's Rebellion, 1676......Page 83 From Servitude to Slavery......Page 85 Building a City upon a Hill, 1625–1642......Page 87 New England Ways......Page 88 Towns, Families, and Farm Life......Page 91 Economic and Religious Tensions......Page 93 Expansion and Native Americans......Page 94 Salem Witchcraft, 1691–1693......Page 97 Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies......Page 100 Rice and Slaves: Carolina......Page 101 Precursors: New Netherland and New Sweden......Page 103 English Conquests: New York and New Jersey......Page 105 Quaker Pennsylvania......Page 106 France Claims a Continent......Page 108 New Mexico: The Pueblo Revolt......Page 110 Florida and Texas......Page 111 Conclusion......Page 112 Royal Centralization, 1660–1688......Page 113 CHRONOLOGY, 1660–1750......Page 114 The Glorious Revolution, 1688–1689......Page 115 A Generation of War, 1689–1713......Page 117 Mercantilist Empires in America......Page 118 Population Growth and Diversity......Page 121 Rural White Men and Women......Page 126 Colonial Farmers and the Environment......Page 127 The Urban Paradox......Page 128 Slavery......Page 129 The Rise of Colonial Elites......Page 131 France and the American Heartland......Page 132 Native Americans and British Expansion......Page 134 British Expansion in the South: Georgia......Page 135 Spain's Borderlands......Page 136 The Return of War, 1739–1748......Page 137 Colonial Politics......Page 139 The Enlightenment......Page 141 The Great Awakening......Page 143 Conclusion......Page 146 A Fragile Peace, 1750–1754......Page 148 CHRONOLOGY, 1750–1776......Page 150 The Seven Years' War in America, 1754–1760......Page 151 The End of French North America, 1760–1763......Page 152 Anglo-American Friction......Page 154 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Public Sanitation in Philadelphia......Page 155 Frontier Tensions......Page 157 The Sugar Act, 1764......Page 158 The Stamp Act Crisis, 1765–1766......Page 160 Ideology, Religion, and Resistance......Page 164 Opposing the Quartering Act, 1766–1767......Page 166 Crisis over the Townshend Duties, 1767–1770......Page 167 Women and Colonial Resistance......Page 169 Customs "Racketeering," 1767–1770......Page 170 "Wilkes and Liberty," 1768–1770......Page 171 The Boston Massacre, 1770......Page 172 The Committees of Correspondence, 1772–1773......Page 173 Conflicts in the Backcountry......Page 174 The Tea Act, 1773......Page 176 Toward Independence, 1774–1776......Page 177 The "Intolerable Acts"......Page 178 From Resistance to Rebellion......Page 180 Common Sense......Page 181 Declaring Independence......Page 182 Conclusion......Page 185 Loyalists and Other British Sympathizers......Page 186 CHRONOLOGY, 1776–1788......Page 188 The Opposing Sides......Page 190 Shifting Fortunes in the North, 1776–1778......Page 192 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS The American Revolution as an International War......Page 195 The War in the West, 1776–1782......Page 197 Victory in the South, 1778–1781......Page 198 Peace at Last, 1782–1783......Page 200 Egalitarianism Among White Men......Page 201 White Women in Wartime......Page 203 A Revolution for Black Americans......Page 204 Forging New Governments, 1776–1787......Page 206 From Colonies to States......Page 207 Finance, Trade, and the Economy, 1781–1786......Page 210 The Confederation and the West, 1785–1787......Page 212 Shays's Rebellion, 1786–1787......Page 216 The Philadelphia Convention, 1787......Page 217 The Struggle over Ratification, 1787–1788......Page 221 Conclusion......Page 223 Implementing Government......Page 225 CHRONOLOGY, 1788–1800......Page 226 The Federal Judiciary and the Bill of Rights......Page 227 Establishing the Nation's Credit......Page 228 Creating a National Bank......Page 231 Emerging Partisanship......Page 232 The Whiskey Rebellion......Page 233 The United States in a Wider World, 1789–1796......Page 234 Spanish Power in Western North America......Page 235 France and Factional Politics, 1793......Page 236 Diplomacy and War, 1793–1796......Page 238 Ideological Confrontation, 1793–1794......Page 240 The Republican Party, 1794–1796......Page 241 The Election of 1796......Page 242 The French Crisis, 1798–1799......Page 243 The Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798......Page 244 The Election of 1800......Page 246 Producing for Markets......Page 247 White Women in the Republic......Page 249 Land and Culture: Native Americans......Page 252 African-American Struggles......Page 254 Conclusion......Page 257 Jefferson and Jeffersonianism......Page 258 Jefferson's "Revolution"......Page 259 CHRONOLOGY, 1801–1824......Page 260 Jefferson and the Judiciary......Page 262 The Louisiana Purchase, 1803......Page 263 The Lewis and Clark Expedition......Page 265 Challenges on the Home Front......Page 267 The Suppression of American Trade and Impressment......Page 268 The Embargo Act of 1807......Page 269 James Madison and the Failure of Peaceable Coercion......Page 270 Tecumseh and the Prophet......Page 272 Congress Votes for War......Page 273 The War of 1812......Page 274 The British Offensive......Page 275 The Hartford Convention......Page 277 Madison's Nationalism and the Era of Good Feelings, 1817–1824......Page 278 John Marshall and the Supreme Court......Page 279 The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821......Page 281 Foreign Policy Under Monroe......Page 282 The Monroe Doctrine, 1823......Page 283 Conclusion......Page 284 The Sweep West......Page 286 Western Society and Customs......Page 287 The Far West......Page 288 The Removal of the Indians......Page 290 The Agricultural Boom......Page 292 The Growth of the Market Economy......Page 293 Federal Land Policy......Page 294 The Panic of 1819......Page 295 The Transportation Revolution: Steamboats, Canals, and Railroads......Page 296 The Growth of Cities......Page 298 Industrial Beginnings......Page 299 Causes of Industrialization......Page 300 Textile Towns in New England......Page 301 Artisans and Workers in Mid-Atlantic Cities......Page 303 Urban Inequality: The Rich and the Poor......Page 304 Free Blacks in the North......Page 305 The "Middling Classes"......Page 307 The Attack on the Professions......Page 309 The Challenge to Family Authority......Page 310 Wives and Husbands......Page 311 Horizontal Allegiances and the Rise of Voluntary Associations......Page 313 Conclusion......Page 314 The Rise of Democratic Politics, 1824–1832......Page 315 CHRONOLOGY, 1824–1840......Page 316 The Election of 1824......Page 317 The Rise of Andrew Jackson......Page 318 The Election of 1828......Page 319 Jackson in Office......Page 320 Nullification......Page 321 The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832......Page 324 The War on the Bank......Page 325 The Rise of Whig Opposition......Page 327 The Election of 1836......Page 328 The Panic of 1837......Page 329 The Second Party System Matures......Page 330 The Second Great Awakening......Page 331 Eastern Revivals......Page 332 Critics of Revivals: The Unitarians......Page 333 The Rise of Mormonism......Page 334 The Shakers......Page 335 The War on Liquor......Page 336 Public-School Reform......Page 338 Abolition......Page 339 Women's Rights......Page 342 Penitentiaries and Asylums......Page 344 Utopian Communities......Page 345 Conclusion......Page 347 Agricultural Advancement......Page 348 Technology and Industrial Progress......Page 349 CHRONOLOGY, 1840–1860......Page 350 The Railroad Boom......Page 352 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Guns and Gun Culture......Page 353 Rising Prosperity......Page 356 Dwellings......Page 357 Conveniences and Inconveniences......Page 359 Disease and Health......Page 360 Phrenology......Page 361 Newspapers......Page 362 The Theater......Page 363 Minstrel Shows......Page 364 P. T. Barnum......Page 365 Roots of the American Renaissance......Page 366 Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Whitman......Page 367 Hawthorne, Melville, and Poe......Page 370 Literature in the Marketplace......Page 371 American Landscape Painting......Page 372 Conclusion......Page 374 The Lure of Cotton......Page 376 The North and South Diverge......Page 378 CHRONOLOGY, 1830–1860......Page 379 Planters and Plantation Mistresses......Page 382 The Small Slaveholders......Page 384 The Yeomen......Page 385 The People of the Pine Barrens......Page 386 Conflict and Consensus in the White South......Page 387 Conflict over Slavery......Page 388 The Proslavery Argument......Page 389 The Code of Honor and Dueling......Page 390 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS Slavery as a Global Institution......Page 391 The Southern Evangelicals and White Values......Page 393 The Maturing of the Plantation System......Page 394 Work and Discipline of Plantation Slaves......Page 395 The Slave Family......Page 397 The Longevity, Diet, and Health of Slaves......Page 398 Life on the Margins: Free Blacks in the Old South......Page 399 Slave Resistance......Page 401 African-American Religion......Page 403 Black Music and Dance......Page 406 Conclusion......Page 407 Expectations and Realities......Page 408 CHRONOLOGY, 1840–1848......Page 410 The Germans......Page 411 The Irish......Page 412 Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Labor Protest......Page 413 Immigrant Politics......Page 414 The West and Beyond......Page 415 The Far West......Page 416 Far Western Trade......Page 417 The American Settlement of Texas to 1835......Page 418 The Texas Revolution, 1836......Page 419 The Overland Trails......Page 420 The Politics of Expansion, 1840–1846......Page 421 The Whig Ascendancy......Page 422 The Election of 1844......Page 423 Manifest Destiny, 1845......Page 424 Polk and Oregon......Page 426 The Origins of the Mexican-American War......Page 427 The Mexican-American War......Page 429 The War's Effects on Sectional Conflict......Page 432 The Election of 1848......Page 433 The California Gold Rush......Page 435 Conclusion......Page 436 The Compromise of 1850......Page 437 Zachary Taylor at the Helm......Page 438 Henry Clay Proposes a Compromise......Page 439 Assessing the Compromise......Page 441 Enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act......Page 442 Uncle Tom's Cabin......Page 443 The Collapse of the Second Party System, 1853–1856......Page 445 The Kansas-Nebraska Act......Page 446 The Ebbing of Manifest Destiny......Page 447 The Whigs Disintegrate, 1854–1855......Page 448 The Rise and Fall of the Know-Nothings, 1853–1856......Page 449 The Republican Party and the Crisis in Kansas, 1855–1856......Page 450 The Election of 1856......Page 453 The Crisis of the Union, 1857–1860......Page 454 The Dred Scott Case, 1857......Page 455 The Lecompton Constitution, 1857......Page 456 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858......Page 457 The Legacy of Harpers Ferry......Page 459 The South Contemplates Secession......Page 460 The Election of 1860......Page 461 The Movement for Secession......Page 463 The Search for Compromise......Page 465 Conclusion......Page 466 Recruitment and Conscription......Page 468 CHRONOLOGY, 1861–1865......Page 470 Financing the War......Page 471 Political Leadership in Wartime......Page 472 In Battle, 1861–1862......Page 474 Armies, Weapons, and Strategies......Page 475 Stalemate in the East......Page 478 The War in the West......Page 479 The Soldiers'War......Page 481 Ironclads and Cruisers: The Naval War......Page 482 The Diplomatic War......Page 483 From Confiscation to Emancipation......Page 484 Black Soldiers in the Union Army......Page 486 Slavery in Wartime......Page 488 The Turning Point of 1863......Page 489 The War's Economic Impact: The North......Page 492 The War's Economic Impact: The South......Page 493 Dealing with Dissent......Page 495 The Medical War......Page 496 The War and Women's Rights......Page 498 The Eastern Theater in 1864......Page 499 The Election of 1864......Page 500 Sherman's March Through Georgia......Page 501 Toward Appomattox......Page 502 The Impact of the War......Page 503 Conclusion......Page 504 Reconstruction Politics, 1865–1868......Page 506 Lincoln's Plan......Page 507 CHRONOLOGY, 1865–1877......Page 508 Presidential Reconstruction Under Johnson......Page 509 Congress Versus Johnson......Page 510 The Fourteenth Amendment, 1866......Page 511 Congressional Reconstruction, 1866–1867......Page 512 The Impeachment Crisis, 1867–1868......Page 513 The Fifteenth Amendment and the Question of Woman Suffrage, 1869–1870......Page 515 Reconstruction Governments......Page 517 A New Electorate......Page 518 Republican Rule......Page 520 Counterattacks......Page 521 Confronting Freedom......Page 522 African-American Institutions......Page 523 Land, Labor, and Sharecropping......Page 525 Toward a Crop-Lien Economy......Page 527 Grantism......Page 528 The Liberals' Revolt......Page 529 The Panic of 1873......Page 530 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE The Sewing Machine......Page 531 Republicans in Retreat......Page 534 "Redeeming" the South......Page 535 The Election of 1876......Page 537 Conclusion......Page 539 Native Americans and the Trans-Mississippi West......Page 541 CHRONOLOGY, 1860–1900......Page 542 The Plains Indians......Page 543 The Assault on Nomadic Indian Life......Page 544 Custer's Last Stand, 1876......Page 547 "Saving" the Indians......Page 549 The Ghost Dance and the End of Indian Resistance on the Great Plains, 1890......Page 550 The First Transcontinental Railroad......Page 551 Settlers and the Railroad......Page 552 Homesteading on the Great Plains......Page 553 New Farms, New Markets......Page 554 Building a Society and Achieving Statehood......Page 555 The Spread of Mormonism......Page 556 Southwestern Borderlands......Page 557 The Mining Frontier......Page 559 Cowboys and the Cattle Frontier......Page 561 Bonanza Farms......Page 563 The Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889......Page 564 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS Cattle-Raising in the Americas......Page 565 The American Adam and the Dime-Novel Hero......Page 567 Revitalizing the Frontier Legend......Page 568 Beginning a National Parks Movement......Page 569 Conclusion......Page 570 The Character of Industrial Change......Page 572 Railroad Innovations......Page 573 Consolidating the Railroad Industry......Page 574 Applying the Lessons of the Railroads to Steel......Page 577 The Trust: Creating New Forms of Corporate Organization......Page 579 Stimulating Economic Growth......Page 580 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Electricity......Page 581 The Triumph of Technology......Page 583 Specialized Production......Page 584 Economic Growth: Costs and Benefits......Page 585 Obstacles to Economic Development......Page 586 The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization......Page 587 The Southern Mill Economy......Page 588 The Southern Industrial Lag......Page 590 The Hardships of Industrial Labor......Page 591 Immigrant Labor......Page 592 Women and Work in Industrial America......Page 594 Hard Work and the Gospel of Success......Page 595 Organizing Workers......Page 597 Strikes and Labor Violence......Page 601 Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives......Page 603 Conclusion......Page 605 The New American City......Page 606 Migrants and Immigrants......Page 607 CHRONOLOGY, 1860–1900......Page 608 Adjusting to an Urban Society......Page 611 Fashionable Avenues and Suburbs......Page 613 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Flush Toilets and the Invention of the Nineteenth-Century Bathroom......Page 614 Manners and Morals......Page 616 Department Stores......Page 617 The Transformation of Higher Education......Page 618 Political Bosses and Machine Politics......Page 620 Battling Poverty......Page 621 New Approaches to Social Reform......Page 622 The Moral-Purity Campaign......Page 623 The Settlement-House Movement......Page 624 Working-Class Leisure in the Immigrant City......Page 625 Streets, Saloons, and Boxing Matches......Page 626 The Rise of Professional Sports......Page 627 Vaudeville, Amusement Parks, and Dance Halls......Page 629 Ragtime......Page 630 The Genteel Tradition and Its Critics......Page 631 Modernism in Architecture and Painting......Page 633 From Victorian Lady to New Woman......Page 634 Public Education as an Arena of Class Conflict......Page 636 Conclusion......Page 638 Contested Political Visions......Page 640 CHRONOLOGY, 1877–1900......Page 642 Patterns of Party Strength......Page 643 Regulating the Money Supply......Page 644 Civil Service Reform......Page 645 Politics of Privilege, Politics of Exclusion, 1884–1892......Page 646 A Democrat in the White House: Grover Cleveland, 1885–1889......Page 647 Big Business Strikes Back; Benjamin Harrison, 1889–1893......Page 648 Agrarian Protest and the Rise of the People's Party......Page 649 African-Americans After Reconstruction......Page 652 1892: Populists Challenge the Status Quo......Page 656 Capitalism in Crisis: The Depression of 1893–1897......Page 657 Business Leaders Respond......Page 658 1894: Protest Grows Louder......Page 659 Silver Advocates Capture the Democratic Party......Page 660 1896: Republicans Triumphant......Page 661 Roots of Expansionist Sentiment......Page 663 Pacific Expansion......Page 665 Crisis over Cuba......Page 666 The Spanish-American War, 1898......Page 667 Critics of Empire......Page 668 Guerrilla War in the Philippines, 1898–1902......Page 669 Conclusion......Page 671 The Many Faces of Progressivism......Page 673 CHRONOLOGY, 1900–1917......Page 674 Intellectuals Offer New Social Views......Page 676 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS Progressive Reformers Worldwide Share Ideas and Strategies......Page 677 Novelists, Journalists, and Artists Spotlight Social Problems......Page 680 Reforming the Political Process......Page 681 Regulating Business, Protecting Workers......Page 682 Making Cities More Livable......Page 684 Moral Control in the Cities......Page 686 Battling Alcohol and Drugs......Page 687 Immigration Restriction and Eugenics......Page 688 Racism and Progressivism......Page 690 Revival of the Woman-Suffrage Movement......Page 692 Enlarging "Woman's Sphere"......Page 694 Workers Organize; Socialism Advances......Page 696 Roosevelt's Path to the White House......Page 697 Labor Disputes, Trustbusting, Railroad Regulation......Page 698 Environmentalism Progressive-Style......Page 699 Taft in the White House, 1909–1913......Page 701 The Four-Way Election of 1912......Page 702 Tariff and Banking Reform......Page 704 Regulating Business; Aiding Workers and Farmers......Page 705 1916:Wilson Edges Out Hughes......Page 706 Conclusion......Page 707 The "Open Door": Competing for the China Market......Page 708 CHRONOLOGY, 1902–1920......Page 710 The Panama Canal: Hardball Diplomacy......Page 711 Roosevelt and Taft Assert U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia......Page 712 Wilson and Latin America......Page 714 The Perils of Neutrality......Page 716 The United States Enters the War......Page 719 Raising, Training, and Testing an Army......Page 720 Organizing the Economy for War......Page 721 With the American Expeditionary Force in France......Page 723 Turning the Tide......Page 724 Advertising the War......Page 726 Wartime Intolerance and Dissent......Page 728 Suppressing Dissent by Law......Page 730 Blacks Migrate Northward......Page 731 Women in Wartime......Page 732 The War and Progressivism......Page 733 Wilson's Fourteen Points; The Armistice......Page 735 The Versailles Peace Conference, 1919......Page 736 The Fight over the League of Nations......Page 737 Racism and Red Scare, 1919–1920......Page 739 The Election of 1920......Page 740 Conclusion......Page 741 Booming Business, Ailing Agriculture......Page 743 CHRONOLOGY, 1920–1929......Page 744 New Modes of Producing,Managing, and Selling......Page 745 Women in the New Economic Era......Page 747 Struggling Labor Unions in a Business Age......Page 748 Standpat Politics in a Decade of Change......Page 749 Republican Policy Making in a Probusiness Era......Page 750 Independent Internationalism......Page 751 Women and Politics in the 1920s: A Dream Deferred......Page 752 Cities, Cars, Consumer Goods......Page 753 Soaring Energy Consumption and a Threatened Environment......Page 755 Mass-Produced Entertainment......Page 756 Celebrity Culture......Page 758 The Jazz Age and the Postwar Crisis of Values......Page 759 Alienated Writers......Page 760 Architects, Painters, and Musicians Confront Modern America......Page 761 The Harlem Renaissance......Page 762 Needed Workers/Unwelcome Aliens: Hispanic Newcomers......Page 764 Nativism, Antiradicalism, and the Sacco- Vanzetti Case......Page 765 Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial......Page 766 The Ku Klux Klan......Page 767 The Garvey Movement......Page 768 Prohibition: Cultures in Conflict......Page 769 The Election of 1928......Page 770 Herbert Hoover's Social Thought......Page 772 Conclusion......Page 773 Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression......Page 774 Hoover's Response......Page 775 CHRONOLOGY, 1929–1939......Page 776 Mounting Discontent and Protest......Page 777 The Election of 1932......Page 779 Roosevelt and His Circle......Page 780 The Hundred Days......Page 781 Problems and Controversies Plague the Early New Deal......Page 784 1934–1935: Challenges from Right and Left......Page 785 Expanding Federal Relief......Page 787 Aiding Migrants, Supporting Unions, Regulating Business, Taxing the Wealthy......Page 788 The Social Security Act of 1935; End of the Second New Deal......Page 789 The 1936 Roosevelt Landslide and the New Democratic Coalition......Page 790 The Environment and the West......Page 791 The New Deal's End Stage, 1937–1939......Page 793 The Roosevelt Recession......Page 794 Final Measures; Growing Opposition......Page 795 Social Change and Social Action in the 1930s......Page 796 The Depression's Psychological and Social Impact......Page 797 Industrial Workers Unionize......Page 798 Black and Hispanic Americans Resist Racism and Exploitation......Page 801 A New Deal for Native Americans......Page 803 Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies......Page 804 The Later 1930s: Opposing Fascism; Reaffirming Traditional Values......Page 805 Streamlining and a World's Fair: Corporate America's Utopian Vision......Page 807 Conclusion......Page 808 Nationalism and the Good Neighbor......Page 810 The American Mood: No More War......Page 811 CHRONOLOGY, 1933–1945......Page 812 America and the Jewish Refugees......Page 813 From Isolation to Intervention......Page 815 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS Refugees from Fascism: The Intellectual Migration to the United States......Page 816 Pearl Harbor and the Coming of War......Page 819 Organizing for Victory......Page 822 The War Economy......Page 823 "A Wizard War"......Page 826 Propaganda and Politics......Page 827 Liberating Europe......Page 828 War in the Pacific......Page 831 War and American Society......Page 833 The Home Front......Page 834 Racism and New Opportunities......Page 837 War and Diversity......Page 839 The Internment of Japanese- Americans......Page 841 The Yalta Conference......Page 842 Victory in Europe......Page 843 The Holocaust......Page 844 The Atomic Bombs......Page 845 Conclusion......Page 847 Demobilization and Reconversion......Page 849 CHRONOLOGY, 1945–1952......Page 850 The GI Bill of Rights......Page 851 Truman's Domestic Program......Page 853 Polarization and Cold War......Page 855 The Iron Curtain Descends......Page 856 Containing Communism......Page 857 Confrontation in Germany......Page 859 The Cold War in Asia......Page 860 The Korean War, 1950–1953......Page 862 The Eightieth Congress, 1947–1948......Page 866 The Politics of Civil Rights and the Election of 1948......Page 867 The Fair Deal......Page 869 Loyalty and Security......Page 870 The Anticommunist Crusade......Page 871 Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs......Page 872 McCarthyism......Page 873 The Election of 1952......Page 874 Conclusion......Page 875 "Dynamic Conservatism"......Page 877 CHRONOLOGY, 1952–1960......Page 878 The Downfall of Joseph McCarthy......Page 879 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE The Interstate Highway System......Page 880 Jim Crow in Court......Page 882 The Laws of the Land......Page 883 Ike and Dulles......Page 885 CIA Covert Actions......Page 886 The Vietnam Domino......Page 887 Troubles in the Third World......Page 888 The Affluent Society......Page 889 The New Industrial Society......Page 890 The Costs of Bigness......Page 891 Blue-Collar Blues......Page 892 Prosperity and the Suburbs......Page 893 Consensus and Conservatism......Page 895 Domesticity......Page 896 Religion and Education......Page 897 The Culture of the Fifties......Page 898 The Television Culture......Page 899 Poverty and Urban Blight......Page 902 Blacks' Struggle for Justice......Page 903 Latinos and Latinas......Page 904 Native Americans......Page 906 A Different Beat......Page 907 Portents of Change......Page 908 Conclusion......Page 909 A New Beginning......Page 911 CHRONOLOGY, 1960–1968......Page 912 Cold War Activism......Page 914 To the Brink of Nuclear War......Page 915 The Thousand-Day Presidency......Page 916 Nonviolence and Violence......Page 917 The African-American Revolution......Page 918 The March on Washington, 1963......Page 919 The Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts......Page 920 Fire in the Streets......Page 922 "Black Power"......Page 923 Liberalism Ascendant, 1963–1968......Page 925 The 1964 Election......Page 926 Triumphant Liberalism......Page 928 Native American Activism......Page 929 Hispanic-Americans Organize......Page 930 Asian-American Activism......Page 931 A Second Feminist Wave......Page 932 Women's Liberation......Page 933 Kennedy and Vietnam......Page 934 TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE The Pill......Page 935 Escalation of the War......Page 937 Doves Versus Hawks......Page 939 Conclusion......Page 941 The Youth Movement......Page 942 From Protest to Resistance......Page 943 CHRONOLOGY, 1968–1974......Page 944 Kent State and Jackson State......Page 945 Legacy of Student Frenzy......Page 947 Musical Revolution......Page 948 The Sexual Revolution......Page 949 Gay Liberation......Page 950 A Shaken President......Page 951 Assassinations and Turmoil......Page 952 Conservative Resurgence......Page 954 Vietnamization......Page 955 America's Longest War Ends......Page 957 Détente......Page 958 Shuttle Diplomacy......Page 959 A Troubled Economy......Page 960 Law and Order......Page 961 The Southern Strategy......Page 962 The Election of 1972......Page 963 The Watergate Upheaval......Page 964 Conclusion......Page 966 Personal Pursuits and Diversions......Page 968 CHRONOLOGY, 1974–1989......Page 970 Changing Gender Roles and Sexual Behavior......Page 971 The Persistence of Social Activism......Page 972 Grass-Roots Conservatism......Page 974 Evangelical Protestants Mobilize......Page 976 A Changing Economy......Page 977 The Two Worlds of Black America......Page 978 Brightening Prospects for Native Americans......Page 979 New Patterns of Immigration......Page 980 The Caretaker Presidency of Gerald Ford, 1974–1977......Page 981 The Outsider as Insider: President Jimmy Carter, 1977–1981......Page 982 Troubles and Frustration as Carter's Term Ends......Page 984 Roots of the Reagan Revolution......Page 985 Reaganomics......Page 987 The "Evil Empire" and Crises in the Middle East......Page 989 Military Buildup and Antinuclear Protest......Page 991 Reagan Reelected......Page 992 Supreme Court Appointments, Budget Deficits, the Iran-Contra Scandal......Page 993 The Middle East: Tensions and Terrorism......Page 995 Assessing the Reagan Years......Page 996 Conclusion......Page 997 The Election of 1988......Page 999 CHRONOLOGY, 1988–2000......Page 1000 The Cold War Ends......Page 1001 The Persian Gulf War, 1991......Page 1002 Home-Front Problems and Domestic Policies......Page 1005 1992: Clinton Versus Bush, and a Third- Party Challenge......Page 1007 Shaping a Domestic Agenda......Page 1008 A Sharp Right Turn: 1994–1996......Page 1010 The Economic Boom of the 1990s......Page 1012 An Uneven Prosperity......Page 1013 America and the Global Economy......Page 1014 The Balkans, Russia, and Eastern Europe in the Post-Soviet Era......Page 1015 The Middle East: Seeking an Elusive Peace, Combating a Wily Foe......Page 1016 BEYOND AMERICA—GLOBAL INTERACTIONS The Challenge of Globalization......Page 1017 Nuclear Proliferation, Terrorism, and Peacekeeping Challenges......Page 1019 A New World Order Painfully Emerges......Page 1020 The Clinton Era Ends: Domestic Politics, Impeachment, Disputed Election, 1996–2000......Page 1022 Campaign 1996 and After: Battling Big Tobacco; Balancing the Budget......Page 1023 Scandal Grips the