دانشنامهٔ درگیری‌های استعماری آمریکای شمالی تا ۱۷۷۵: تاریخ سیاسی، اجتماعی و نظامی (۳ جلد)

The only multivolume encyclopedia covering all aspects of North American colonial warfare, with special attention paid to the social, political, cultural, and economic affairs that were affected by the conflicts.Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775: A Political, Social, and Military History is the first multivolume resource on the full range of combat and confrontation in the New World prior to the American Revolution—not just rivalries between European empires but Indian conflicts, slave rebellions, and popular uprisings as well.Organized A–Z, the encyclopedia covers all major wars and conflicts in North America from the late-15th to mid-18th centuries, with discussions of key battles, diplomatic efforts, military technologies, and strategies and tactics. Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775 explores the context for conflict, with essays on competing colonial powers, every major Native American tribe, all important political and military leaders, and a range of social and cultural issues. The insights and information contained here will help anyone understand the genesis of North American culture, the plight of Native Americans after European contact, and the beginnings of the United States of America. Cover......Page 1 Copyright......Page 5 About the Editors......Page 7 Contents......Page 10 List of Entries......Page 12 List of Documents......Page 22 List of Maps......Page 26 Preface......Page 28 General Maps......Page 30 General Essays......Page 40 Introduction......Page 42 Overview of the North American Colonial Period......Page 44 Abenakis......Page 64 Abercromby, James......Page 65 Absolutism......Page 66 Acadia......Page 67 Acadia, British Conquest of......Page 69 Acadia, New England Occupation of......Page 70 Acadian Expulsion......Page 71 Acoma Pueblo, Fight at......Page 73 Admiralty Law......Page 75 African Americans......Page 76 Aguayo Expedition......Page 77 Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of......Page 78 Albany Conference......Page 79 Algonquins......Page 80 Amherst, Jeffery......Page 82 Ammunition, Small Arms......Page 83 Andros, Edmund......Page 85 Anglo-Dutch War, First......Page 86 Anglo-Dutch War, Second......Page 88 Anglo-Dutch War, Third......Page 90 Anglo-Powhatan War, First......Page 92 Anglo-Powhatan War, Second......Page 93 Anglo-Powhatan War, Third......Page 94 Anglo-Spanish War......Page 95 Apalachee Revolt......Page 97 Apalachees......Page 98 Appomattocks......Page 99 Arkansas Post......Page 100 Armstrong, John......Page 101 Artillery, Land......Page 102 Artillery, Naval......Page 104 Artillery Projectiles......Page 105 Atkin, Edmond......Page 106 Augusta (Georgia)......Page 107 Augusta, Congress of......Page 108 Ayubale (Florida)......Page 109 Bacon, Nathaniel, Jr.......Page 112 Bacon’s Rebellion......Page 113 Balize Post (Louisiana)......Page 115 Barnwell Township System......Page 116 Bars Fight......Page 117 Bay of Fundy Expedition......Page 118 Beaujeu, Daniel-Hyacinthe Marie Liénard de......Page 120 Beaver Wars......Page 121 Black Point, Attacks on......Page 122 Black Robes......Page 123 Bland, Humphrey......Page 124 Blockhouses......Page 125 Bloody Brook Massacre......Page 126 Boston Massacre......Page 128 Boston Tea Party......Page 129 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, Comte de Bougainville......Page 131 Bouquet, Henry......Page 132 Bourlamaque, François Charles de......Page 133 Bow and Arrow......Page 134 Braddock, Edward......Page 135 Braddock’s Campaign......Page 136 Bradstreet, Anne......Page 138 Bradstreet, John......Page 139 Brant, Joseph (Thayendanega)......Page 140 Brims of Coweta......Page 141 Brookfield, Siege of......Page 142 Burd, James......Page 143 Burnet, William......Page 144 Bushy Run, Battle of......Page 145 Caddoes......Page 146 Cahokia-Fox Raid......Page 147 California......Page 148 Calusas......Page 149 Calvert, George, First Lord Baltimore......Page 150 Campbell, John, Earl of Loudoun......Page 151 Canada, British Expedition against......Page 152 Canada, New England Expedition against......Page 155 Cannon Founding......Page 157 Canoe......Page 159 Canso, Battle of......Page 160 Captivity Narratives......Page 161 Captivity of Europeans by Indians......Page 163 Captivity of Indians by Europeans......Page 164 Carleton, Sir Guy, First Baron Dorchester......Page 165 Cartagena, Expedition against......Page 166 Casco Bay (Maine)......Page 167 Castillo de San Marcos (Florida)......Page 168 Castle William (Massachusetts)......Page 169 Caughnawaga (Kahnawaké since 1980)......Page 170 Cavalry and Cavalry Tactics......Page 171 Chabert de Joncaire, Louis-Thomas......Page 173 Chabert de Joncaire, Philippe Thomas......Page 174 Chacato Troubles......Page 175 Champlain, Samuel de......Page 176 Charles Town (South Carolina)......Page 177 Charles Town, Attack on......Page 178 Cherokees......Page 179 Cherokee War......Page 181 Chesapeake, Virginia and Maryland Conflict over......Page 183 Chickasaws......Page 185 Chickasaw Wars......Page 186 Chignecto Isthmus......Page 188 Choctaw Civil War......Page 189 Choctaws......Page 190 Church, Benjamin......Page 192 Clark’s Garrison, Battle of......Page 194 Cockacoeske, Queen of the Pamunkeys......Page 195 Columbian Exchange......Page 196 Committee of Militia (Massachusetts Bay)......Page 198 Connecticut......Page 200 Converse, James......Page 201 Coode’s Rebellion......Page 202 Cooper, James Fenimore......Page 203 Cornstalk......Page 204 Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de......Page 205 Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville, Joseph......Page 207 Council of the Indies......Page 208 Covenant Chain......Page 209 Craven, Charles......Page 210 Creek-Cherokee Wars......Page 211 Creek-Choctaw Wars......Page 212 Creeks......Page 213 Croghan, George......Page 215 Crown Point (New York)......Page 216 Cuming, Alexander......Page 217 Decanisora......Page 218 Deerfield (Massachusetts)......Page 219 Deerfield, Massachusetts, Attack on......Page 220 Delaware......Page 221 Delawares (Lenni Lenape)......Page 222 Desertion, Army......Page 224 Desertion, Navy......Page 225 Detroit......Page 226 Dieskau, Jean Armand, Baron de......Page 227 Dinwiddie, Robert......Page 228 Discipline, Army......Page 229 Discipline, Navy......Page 230 Dominion of New England......Page 232 Dongan, Thomas, Second Earl Limerick......Page 233 Drake, Sir Francis......Page 234 Dry Docks......Page 235 Dudley, Joseph......Page 236 Dummer’s Treaty......Page 237 Dunmore’s War......Page 238 Duston, Hannah......Page 239 Dutch-Indian Wars......Page 240 Dutch-Mohawk Treaty......Page 242 Easton Conference and Treaty......Page 244 Edged Weapons......Page 245 Edwards, Jonathan......Page 247 Encomienda......Page 248 Endicott, John......Page 249 Endicott Expedition......Page 250 English Bend (Louisiana)......Page 251 English Bill of Rights......Page 252 English Civil War, Impact on America......Page 253 Esopus Wars......Page 254 Falls Fight......Page 256 Falmouth, Battle of......Page 257 Firearms Trade......Page 258 Florida......Page 259 Florida, British Invasion of......Page 261 Forbes Campaign......Page 262 Forbes, John......Page 263 Forks of the Ohio......Page 264 Fort......Page 265 Fort Allen (Pennsylvania)......Page 267 Fort Among the Apalachicolas (Alabama)......Page 268 Fort Amsterdam (New York)......Page 269 Fort Argyle (Georgia)......Page 270 Fort at Number Four (New Hampshire)......Page 271 Fort Augusta (Maine)......Page 272 Fort Barrington (Georgia)......Page 273 Fort Beaufort (South Carolina)......Page 274 Fort Bedford (Pennsylvania)......Page 275 Fort Biloxi (Mississippi)......Page 276 Fort Bull (New York)......Page 277 Fort Burlington Island (New Jersey)......Page 278 Fort Casimer (Delaware)......Page 279 Fort Charles (Virginia)......Page 281 Fort Chartres (Illinois)......Page 282 Fort Christanna (Virginia)......Page 283 Fort Condé (Alabama)......Page 284 Fort Conti (New York)......Page 285 Fort Crèvecoeur (Illinois)......Page 286 Fort Cumberland (Maryland)......Page 287 Fort de la Presque Isle (Pennsylvania)......Page 288 Fort Detroit (Michigan)......Page 289 Fort Detroit (Michigan), Siege of......Page 290 Fort Dinwiddie (Virginia)......Page 291 Fort Dorchester (South Carolina)......Page 292 Fort Dummer (Vermont)......Page 293 Fort Duquesne (Pennsylvania)......Page 294 Fort Ebenezer (Georgia)......Page 295 Fort Edisto (South Carolina)......Page 296 Fort Elfsborg (New Jersey)......Page 297 Fort Frederick (Maryland)......Page 298 Fort Frederick (South Carolina)......Page 299 Fort Frontenac (Ontario)......Page 300 Fort Garrison (Maryland)......Page 302 Fort George (Virginia)......Page 303 Fort Good Hope (Connecticut)......Page 304 Fort Granville (Pennsylvania)......Page 305 Fort Half-Moon (New York)......Page 306 Fort Hardy (New York)......Page 307 Fort Henry (Virginia)......Page 308 Fort Hunter (New York)......Page 309 Fort Hyde (North Carolina)......Page 310 Fort James (New York)......Page 311 Fort James (Virginia)......Page 312 Fort Johnson (New York)......Page 313 Fort Johnston (North Carolina)......Page 314 Fort King George (Georgia)......Page 315 Fort La Pointe (Wisconsin)......Page 316 Fort Lawrence (Nova Scotia)......Page 317 Fort Le Boeuf (Pennsylvania)......Page 318 Fort Lévis (New York)......Page 319 Fort Ligonier (Pennsylvania)......Page 320 Fort Loudoun (Tennessee)......Page 321 Fort Louis (Alabama)......Page 322 Fort Lyttelton (Pennsylvania)......Page 323 Fort Machault (Pennsylvania)......Page 324 Fort Massachusetts (Massachusetts)......Page 325 Fort Matanzas (Florida)......Page 326 Fort Maurepas (Mississippi)......Page 327 Fort Michilimackinac (Michigan)......Page 328 Fort Moore (South Carolina)......Page 329 Fort Nassau (New Jersey)......Page 330 Fort Necessity (Pennsylvania), and Battle of......Page 331 Fort New Korsholm (Pennsylvania)......Page 333 Fort Niagara (New York), Siege of......Page 334 Fort Nohoroco (North Carolina)......Page 335 Fort of the Six Nations (New York)......Page 336 Fort Orange (New York)......Page 337 Fort Oswego (New York)......Page 339 Fort Pelham (Massachusetts)......Page 340 Fort Picolata (Florida)......Page 341 Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)......Page 342 Fort Pleasant (West Virginia)......Page 344 Fort Prince George-Keowee (South Carolina)......Page 345 Fort Prince William (Georgia)......Page 346 Fort Richmond (Maine)......Page 347 Fort Rosalie (Mississippi)......Page 348 Fort Royal (Virginia)......Page 349 Fort San Francisco de Pupo (Florida)......Page 350 Fort San Mateo (Florida)......Page 351 Fort Sault Ste. Marie (Michigan)......Page 352 Fort Saybrook (Connecticut)......Page 353 Fort Shantok (Connecticut)......Page 354 Fort Shirley (Massachusetts)......Page 355 Fort St. Andrews (Georgia)......Page 356 Fort Stanwix (New York)......Page 357 Fort St. Frédéric (New York)......Page 358 Fort St. George’s (Maine)......Page 359 Fort St. Joseph (Michigan)......Page 360 Fort St. Louis at Pimiteoui (Illinois)......Page 361 Fort St. Peter (Mississippi)......Page 362 Fort Swanendael (Delaware)......Page 363 Fort Ticonderoga (New York)......Page 364 Fort Ticonderoga (New York), Battle of......Page 365 Fort Tombeché (Alabama)......Page 366 Fort Toulouse (Alabama)......Page 367 Fort Upper Tract (West Virginia)......Page 368 Fort West (Virginia)......Page 369 Fort William (Massachusetts)......Page 370 Fort William and Mary (New Hampshire)......Page 371 Fort William Henry (Maine)......Page 372 Fort William Henry (New York), Siege of......Page 373 Fort Wolstenholme (Virginia)......Page 375 Fox Fort (Illinois), and Siege of......Page 376 Fox Wars......Page 377 France......Page 380 France, Army......Page 383 France, Navy......Page 385 Franciscan Order......Page 387 Franklin, Benjamin......Page 389 French and Indian War, Land Campaigns......Page 390 French and Indian War, Naval Campaigns......Page 396 Frontenac, Louis de Buade de, Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau......Page 398 Frontier, Northern......Page 399 Frontier, Southern......Page 402 Gage, Thomas......Page 404 Garrison Houses......Page 406 Gaspée, Burning of the......Page 407 George II, King......Page 408 George III, King......Page 410 Georgia......Page 411 Gist, Christopher......Page 413 Glorious Revolution in America......Page 414 Goffe, John......Page 415 Grand Pré, Battle of......Page 417 Great Britain......Page 418 Great Britain, Army......Page 422 Great Britain, Navy......Page 424 Great Carrying Place (New York)......Page 426 Great Swamp Fight......Page 427 Grenadiers......Page 428 Guales......Page 429 Gun Merchant of Okchai......Page 430 Gyles, John......Page 431 Haigler, King of the Catawbas......Page 432 Haldimand, François-Louis-Frédéric......Page 433 Halifax (Nova Scotia)......Page 434 Harmon, Johnson......Page 436 Harris, John......Page 437 Hartford, Treaty of......Page 438 Havana (Cuba)......Page 439 Henrico Forts (Virginia)......Page 440 Howe, Sir William......Page 441 Hudson Bay......Page 442 Hudson River......Page 444 Hungry March......Page 445 Hurons......Page 446 Île-aux-Noix......Page 448 Illinois......Page 449 Impressment, Army......Page 450 Impressment, Navy......Page 451 Indian Presents......Page 452 Infantry......Page 453 Infantry Tactics......Page 455 Intercolonial Relations......Page 457 Iroquois......Page 459 Iroquois Confederation......Page 461 Iroquois Treaties of 1700 and 1701......Page 462 Jamestown......Page 464 Jesuits......Page 466 Johnson, Sir William......Page 467 Jumonville’s Glen, Action at......Page 469 Just War Theory......Page 470 Karankawas......Page 472 Kieft, Willem......Page 473 Kieft’s War......Page 474 King George’s War, Land Campaigns......Page 476 King George’s War, Naval Campaigns......Page 479 King Philip’s War......Page 481 King William’s War, Land Campaigns......Page 484 King William’s War, Naval Campaigns......Page 487 Kittanning, Battle of......Page 489 La Belle Famille, Battle of......Page 490 Lachine, Battle of......Page 491 La Corne, Luc de......Page 492 Lake George......Page 493 Lake George, Battle of......Page 495 Lake Ontario......Page 496 Lance......Page 497 La Prairie, Battle of......Page 498 La Salle, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de......Page 499 Laudonnière, René Goulaine de......Page 500 Leisler, Jacob......Page 501 Leisler’s Rebellion......Page 502 Le Loutre, Jean-Louis......Page 503 Le Moyne de Bienville, Jean-Baptiste......Page 504 Le Moyne d’Iberville et d’Ardillières, Pierre......Page 505 Lévis, François Gaston de, Duc de Lévis......Page 506 Litchfield Forts (Connecticut)......Page 507 Logan, John (Tachnedorus)......Page 508 Logistics......Page 509 Long Island......Page 510 Lord Dunmore’s War......Page 512 Louisbourg (Nova Scotia)......Page 514 Louisbourg, Siege of......Page 515 Louisbourg Expedition......Page 518 Louisiana......Page 520 Lovewell’s Fight......Page 522 Lyttelton, William Henry......Page 523 Mabila, Battle of......Page 526 Mahicans......Page 527 Maine......Page 528 March, John......Page 529 Marines......Page 530 Maryland......Page 531 Maryland, Protestant-Catholic Conflict in......Page 533 Mason, John......Page 535 Massachusetts......Page 536 Massasoit......Page 538 Mather, Cotton......Page 539 Menéndez, Francisco......Page 540 Menéndez de Avilés, Pedro......Page 541 Mercantilism......Page 542 Metacom (King Philip)......Page 544 Miantonomo......Page 546 Middle Plantation, Treaty of......Page 547 Military and Naval Medicine......Page 548 Militias......Page 549 Mingos......Page 552 Minuit, Peter......Page 553 Mississippi River......Page 554 Mog......Page 555 Mohawks......Page 556 Mohegans......Page 558 Molasses Act......Page 559 Monongahela River......Page 560 Montcalm-Gozon de Saint Veran, Louis-Joseph de, Marquis de......Page 562 Montreal......Page 564 Moore, James......Page 565 Moore, James, Jr.......Page 566 Morris, Robert Hunter......Page 567 Mosley, Samuel......Page 568 Moulton, Jeremiah......Page 569 Murray, James......Page 570 Murray, John, Fourth Earl of Dunmore......Page 571 Musgrove, Mary......Page 572 Muskets......Page 573 Mutiny, Navy......Page 577 Mystic Fort Fight......Page 578 Nairne, Thomas......Page 580 Narragansetts......Page 581 Narváez, Pánfilo de......Page 583 Natchez......Page 584 Natchez Revolt......Page 585 Natchez War......Page 586 Native Americans......Page 587 Native Americans, Alliances with Europeans......Page 588 Native American Trade......Page 589 Native American Warfare......Page 590 Naval Warfare......Page 592 Navigation Acts......Page 595 Netherlands......Page 596 New England Confederation......Page 599 Newfoundland......Page 600 New France......Page 601 New Hampshire......Page 604 New Jersey......Page 605 New Mexico......Page 607 New Netherland......Page 608 New Orleans (Louisiana)......Page 611 New Richmond (Louisiana)......Page 612 New Sweden......Page 613 New York......Page 614 New York, Dutch Capture of......Page 617 New York Slave Revolt......Page 618 Nicholson, Sir Francis......Page 620 Nipmucks......Page 621 Norridgewock, Battle of......Page 622 North Carolina......Page 623 Nottoways......Page 625 Nutimus......Page 626 Oconostota......Page 628 Oglethorpe, James Edward......Page 629 Ogoula Tchetoka, Battle of......Page 630 Ohio Company......Page 631 Ohio Expedition......Page 632 Ohio River Valley......Page 637 Ojibwa-Dakota Conflict......Page 638 Ojibwas......Page 639 Old Shawnee Town (Ohio)......Page 641 Oñate, Juan de......Page 642 Oneidas......Page 643 Onondagas......Page 644 Opechancanough......Page 645 Osages......Page 646 Oswego, Battle of......Page 647 Ottawas......Page 648 Ouiatenon Trading Post and Fort (Indiana)......Page 649 Oyster River (New Hampshire)......Page 650 Pacifism......Page 652 Pamunkeys......Page 653 Parade Fort (Connecticut)......Page 654 Paris, Treaty of......Page 655 Paxton Boys Uprising......Page 657 Peach War......Page 658 Penn, William......Page 659 Pennacooks......Page 661 Pennsylvania......Page 662 Pensacola (Florida)......Page 664 Pensacola during the War of the Quadruple Alliance......Page 665 Pepperrell, Sir William, Jr.......Page 666 Pequot War......Page 667 Pequots......Page 670 Pez, Andrés de......Page 671 Philip II, King of Spain......Page 672 Pickawillany Massacre......Page 673 Pilgrims......Page 674 Pima Revolts......Page 676 Piracy......Page 677 Pistols......Page 679 Pitt, William (the Elder), First Earl of Chatham......Page 680 Plymouth Colony......Page 681 Pocahontas......Page 682 Point Pleasant, Battle of......Page 683 Ponce de León, Juan......Page 684 Pontiac (Obwandiyng)......Page 685 Pontiac’s Rebellion......Page 686 Popé (El Popé)......Page 688 Portobello, Attack on......Page 689 Port Royal (Nova Scotia)......Page 690 Port Royal (Nova Scotia), English Attack on......Page 691 Port Royal (South Carolina)......Page 692 Pouchot de Maupas, Pierre......Page 693 Powhatan (Wahunsonacock)......Page 694 Powhatan Confederacy......Page 695 Powhatans......Page 696 Praying Towns and Praying Indians......Page 697 Presidio......Page 698 Presidio Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes (Louisiana)......Page 699 Presidio San Antonio de Béxar (Texas)......Page 700 Presidio San Francisco de Xavier (Texas)......Page 701 Printz, Johan Björnsson......Page 702 Privateering......Page 703 Prize Doctrine......Page 705 Proclamation of 1763......Page 708 Provincial Troops......Page 709 Pueblo Revolt......Page 710 Pueblos......Page 712 Puritans......Page 713 Pynchon, John......Page 715 Quaker Pacifism......Page 716 Quartering......Page 717 Quartering Act Crisis......Page 718 Quartermaster General......Page 719 Quebec......Page 720 Quebec, Attack on......Page 721 Quebec, Battle of......Page 724 Quebec, French Attempt to Recapture......Page 727 Queen Anne’s War, Land Campaigns......Page 728 Queen Anne’s War, Naval Campaigns......Page 731 Râle, Sébastien......Page 734 Raleigh, Sir Walter......Page 736 Rangers......Page 737 Recruitment......Page 738 Redoubt......Page 739 Requisition System......Page 740 Rhett, William......Page 741 Rhode Island......Page 742 Ribault, Jean......Page 743 Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial, Philippe de, Marquis de Vaudreuil......Page 745 Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial, Pierre de, Marquis de Vaudreuil......Page 746 Right of Conquest......Page 747 Roanoke Island (North Carolina)......Page 748 Robertson, James......Page 749 Rogers, Robert......Page 750 Rogers’s Raid on St. Francis......Page 751 Royal Regiment of Artillery......Page 753 Rum Trade......Page 754 Rush, Benjamin......Page 755 Russia......Page 756 Ryswick, Treaty of......Page 758 Sailors......Page 760 Saint Denis, Louis Juchereau de......Page 761 Sainte Thérèse, Battle of......Page 762 Samoset......Page 763 San Antonio (Texas)......Page 764 Santa Elena (South Carolina)......Page 765 Saratoga, Battle of......Page 766 Sauks and Fox......Page 767 Scalp Bounty......Page 768 Scalping......Page 769 Schenectady, Battle of......Page 770 Schuyler, Peter......Page 771 Scout......Page 772 Scurvy......Page 773 Seigneurial System......Page 774 Senecas......Page 775 Senecas, French Attack on......Page 776 Shawnees......Page 777 Shipbuilding in Colonial North America......Page 778 Shirley, William......Page 780 Sickness and Mortality......Page 782 Skulking Way of War......Page 783 Slaughter of the Innocents......Page 784 Slavery......Page 786 Slave Trade and the American Colonies......Page 789 Smallpox......Page 790 Smith, John......Page 791 Smuggling......Page 792 Snowshoes, Battle on......Page 794 Sons of Liberty......Page 795 Soto, Hernando de......Page 796 South Carolina......Page 797 Spain......Page 799 Spain, Army......Page 803 Spain, Navy......Page 806 Spanish Mission System, Southeast......Page 808 Spanish Mission System, Southwest......Page 809 Spotswood, Alexander......Page 811 Squanto......Page 812 Stamp Act......Page 813 Standish, Myles......Page 814 St. Augustine, Battle of......Page 816 St. Augustine, Siege of......Page 817 Stevens, Phineas......Page 818 St. Lawrence River......Page 819 Stono Rebellion......Page 820 Strategy in Colonial North America......Page 822 Stuart, John......Page 824 Stuyvesant, Petrus......Page 825 Sugar Act......Page 826 Supplies......Page 827 Susquehannocks......Page 828 Susquehannock War......Page 829 Sweden......Page 830 Swedes in America......Page 832 Tanaghrisson (Half-King)......Page 834 Teedyuscung......Page 835 Texas......Page 836 Theyanoguin (Chief Hendrick)......Page 837 Timucuan Revolt......Page 838 Tomahawk......Page 840 Townshend Acts......Page 841 Trent, William......Page 843 Triangular Trade......Page 844 Trois-Rivières, Treaty of......Page 845 Troupes de la Marine......Page 846 Tryon, William......Page 847 Tuscaroras......Page 848 Tuscarora War......Page 849 Underhill, John......Page 852 Uprising of 1747......Page 853 Utrecht, Treaty of......Page 854 Vernon, Edward......Page 856 Vetch, Samuel......Page 857 Vincennes (Indiana)......Page 858 Virginia......Page 859 Virginia-Indian Treaty......Page 862 Von Graffenried’s Fort (North Carolina)......Page 863 Waldron, Richard......Page 866 Walking Purchase......Page 867 Wampanoags......Page 868 Wamsutta (Alexander)......Page 870 Wappingers......Page 871 War Club......Page 872 War of the Regulation......Page 873 Warships......Page 875 Washington, George......Page 877 Webb, Daniel......Page 879 Wells (Maine)......Page 880 Wessagusset Raid......Page 881 Western Design......Page 882 Westos......Page 883 Wheatley, Phillis......Page 884 Williams, Roger......Page 885 Wills Creek (Maryland)......Page 886 Winslow, John......Page 887 Winslow, Josiah......Page 888 Winthrop, John......Page 889 Wolfe, James......Page 890 Woodward, Henry......Page 891 Writs of Assistance......Page 892 Wyatt, Francis......Page 893 Yamasees......Page 894 Yamasee War......Page 895 York, Attack on......Page 896 Appendices......Page 898 Rank Structures......Page 900 Army Ranks......Page 905 Navy Ranks......Page 906 Statistical Information......Page 908 Chronology......Page 914 Glossary......Page 922 Selected Bibliography......Page 926 List of Editors and Contributors......Page 934 Categorical Index......Page 938 Documents......Page 946 1. Treaty of Tordesillas, June 7, 1494......Page 948 3. Giovanni da Verrazano, Report on the Voyage of Verrazano, 1524 [Excerpt]......Page 952 4. The First Relation of Jacques Cartier, 1534......Page 957 5. Accounts of Spanish Explorers, 1536, 1539, and 1540 [Excerpts]......Page 958 6. Accounts of the Destruction of Fort Caroline, 1565 [Excerpts]......Page 963 7. The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion, 1571......Page 965 8. Juan Rogel, Account of the Massacre of Spanish Jesuits in Chesapeake Bay, August 28, 1572......Page 970 9. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Letters to the King of Spain regarding the Indians of Florida, 1572 and 1573......Page 972 10. Ordinances for the Discovery, the Population and the Pacification of the Indies, July 13, 1573 [Excerpt]......Page 974 11. Francis Fletcher, Account of Francis Drake on the California Coast, 1579 [Excerpt]......Page 976 12. Edward Haies, Report of the Voyage of Humphrey Gilbert to Newfoundland, 1583......Page 977 13. Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, 1584 [Excerpt]......Page 979 14. Richard Hakluyt, Discourse on Western Planting, 1584 [Excerpt]......Page 980 15. Captain Arthur Barlowe’s Narrative of the First Voyage to the Coasts of America, 1584 [Excerpt]......Page 982 16. Watercolor by John White, ca. 1585......Page 983 18. Philip II, Instructions to Locate the English Colony on Roanoke Island, November 27, 1586......Page 984 19. Ralph Lane, Account of the Englishmen Left at Roanoke Island, 1586 [Excerpt]......Page 985 20. A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia by Thomas Hariot, 1588 [Excerpt]......Page 986 21. John White, Account of the Disappearance of the Inhabitants of Roanoke Island, 1590......Page 989 22. Pedro Fernandez de Chocas, Account of the Guale Uprising, October 4, 1597......Page 990 23. Don Juan de Oñate, Letter from New Mexico, 1599 [Excerpt]......Page 991 25. Virginia Company of London Charter, 1606......Page 994 26. John Smith, The Settlement at Jamestown, 1607......Page 998 27. Relation of a Voyage to Sagadahoc, 1608......Page 1000 28. Samuel de Champlain, Account of the Foundation of Quebec, 1608......Page 1003 29. Johan de Laet, Account of Henry Hudson’s Voyage, 1609......Page 1005 31. Diego de Molina, Account of the English in Virginia, 1613 [Excerpt]......Page 1007 32. Pierre Biard, Account of the English Attack on the French in Maine, May 26, 1614......Page 1009 33. John Smith, Letter to Queen Anne about Pocahontas [Excerpt]......Page 1011 35. William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1648 [Excerpt]......Page 1013 36. Dutch West India Company Charter, 1621 [Excerpt]......Page 1015 37. John Smith, The General History of Virginia, 1624 [Excerpt]......Page 1017 38. John Martin, The Manner Howe to Bringe the Indians into Subjection, December 15, 1622......Page 1019 39. Massachusetts Bay Company Charter, 1629 [Excerpt]......Page 1021 40. John Cotton, God’s Promise to His Plantation, 1630 [Excerpt]......Page 1025 41. John Winthrop, A Modell of Christian Charity, 1630......Page 1027 42. David Pietersz De Vries, Account of the Swanendael Massacre, 1632 [Excerpt]......Page 1032 43. Charter of Maryland, 1632 [Excerpt]......Page 1033 44. Eyewitness Accounts of the Pequot War, 1638 [Excerpts]......Page 1035 45. Engraving of the Attack on the Pequot Fort, 1638......Page 1038 46. Lion Gardiner, Relation of the Pequot Wars, 1660......Page 1039 47. The Trial of Anne Hutchinson, November 1637 [Excerpt]......Page 1044 48. Thomas Morton, New English Canaan, 1637 [Excerpt]......Page 1045 49. Leonard Calvert, Letter to Lord Baltimore, 1638 [Excerpt]......Page 1048 51. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 [Excerpt]......Page 1050 52. New England Confederation Charter, 1643 [Excerpt]......Page 1052 53. Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, fA Short Account of the Mohawk Indians,fl 644 [Excerpt]......Page 1055 54. Johan Printz, Report from New Sweden, 1644 [Excerpt]......Page 1057 55. Roger Williams, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, 1644 [Excerpt]......Page 1060 56. The Westminster Confession of Faith, 1646 [Excerpt]......Page 1061 57. David Pietersz De Vries, Short Historical and Journal Notes, 1655 [Excerpt]......Page 1062 58. Virginia Peace Treaty with the Indians, October 5, 1646 [Excerpt]......Page 1063 59. Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 [Excerpt]......Page 1064 61. Exclusion of Jews from Military Service in New Amsterdam, 1655......Page 1066 62. Roger Williams, Liberty of Conscience Letter, 1655......Page 1067 63. Johan Rising, Relation of the Surrender of New Sweden, 1655......Page 1068 64. Myles Standish, Last Will and Testament, 1655, 1657......Page 1070 65. John Hammond, Leah and Rachel, or, the Two Fruitfull Sisters Virginia and Maryland, 1656 [Excerpt]......Page 1071 66. Navigation Acts, 1660, 1663, and 1696 [Excerpts]......Page 1073 67. Accounts of the Loss of New Amsterdam, 1664–1665 [Excerpts]......Page 1078 68. Daniel Denton, Description of the Indians of Long Island, 1670 [Excerpt]......Page 1081 69. Royal Instructions Concerning Privateering, 1670–1674 [Excerpt]......Page 1082 70. John Eliot, Account of New England Indians’ Conversion to Christianity, ca. 1671......Page 1083 71. William Berkeley, Report on the Dutch Burning of the Tobacco Fleet, July 1673......Page 1085 72. John Gerrard, An Account of the Attack on the Susquehannock Stronghold, 1675......Page 1087 73. Nathaniel Saltonstall, Accounts of King Philip’s War, 1675–1676 [Excerpts]......Page 1088 74. Nathaniel Bacon, fiDeclaation in the Name of the People of Virginia,fl 676......Page 1089 75. William Berkeley, Declaration on Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676......Page 1091 77. Mary Rowlandson, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, 1682 [Excerpt]......Page 1092 78. Accounts of Culpeper’s Rebellion, 1679, 1680......Page 1094 79. Antonio de Otermin, Report on the Pueblo Uprising in New Mexico, 1680 [Excerpt]......Page 1096 80. Count Frontenac, Report on War with the Iroquois, November 2, 1681 [Excerpt]......Page 1097 81. Anne Bradstreet, A Dialogue between Old England and New, Concerning their Present Troubles, 1642......Page 1098 82. John Barbot, fA Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea,fl 682 [Excerpt]......Page 1101 83. William Penn, Pennsylvania Charter of Liberties and Pennsylvania Frame of Government, 1682 [Excerpt]......Page 1103 84. New York Charter of Liberties and Privileges, 1683......Page 1106 85. William Penn, A Further Account of the Province of Pennsylvania, 1685 [Excerpt]......Page 1108 86. Edward Randolph, The Causes and Results of King Philip’s War, 1676 [Excerpt]......Page 1109 87. Commission of Sir Edmund Andros for the Dominion of New England, April 7, 1688 [Excerpt]......Page 1111 88. Nathaniel Byfield, An Account of the Late Revolution in New-England, April 1689 [Excerpt]......Page 1113 89. Declaration of the Reasons and Motives for the present appearing in Arms of their Majesties Protestant subjects in the Provi......Page 1114 90. English Bill of Rights, December 16, 1689 [Excerpt]......Page 1116 91. Diego de Vargas, Account of the Spanish Reconquest of New Mexico, October 12, 1692 [Excerpt]......Page 1117 93. Cotton Mather, The Wonders of the Invisible World, 1693 [Excerpt]......Page 1119 94. Indenture of Servitude for Ship Passage, August

The only multivolume encyclopedia covering all aspects of North American colonial warfare, with special attention paid to the social, political, cultural, and economic affairs that were affected by the conflicts.

School Library Journal

Gr 9 Up

Part one of a projected 14-part series, this expansive set covers the turbulence that dramatically shaped colonial America. An excellent, 19-page introductory essay provides an overview of the period, chronologically covering the era from the founding to the imperial crisis in the 1760s and 1770s. The 875 alphabetically arranged, cross-referenced entries, which cover the political and social ramifications of each conflict, are even in scholarship and overall of high quality. Entries cover all of the major confrontations of the period such as King William's War, the French and Indian War, and Pontiac's Rebellion, and each one is followed by a further reading list. While battles, forts, and military hardware are well represented, much consideration is also given to a wealth of peripheral issues, from absolutism to Quaker pacifism. Richly detailed black-and-white maps, graphs, charts, and photos add to the appeal. Appendixes in volume two present statistics on all the major European powers involved and the colonies themselves. The third volume contains 166 chronologically arranged, primary-source documents that vary from charters and treaties to letters and other firsthand accounts, each of which is prefaced by a brief introduction. While the temporal scope of this work may limit its appeal for smaller collections, it is a worthy purchase for larger libraries.-Brian Odom, Pelham Public Library, AL

Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775: A Political, Social, and Military History is the first multivolume resource on the full range of combat and confrontation in the New World prior to the American Revolutionnot just rivalries between European empires but Indian conflicts, slave rebellions, and popular uprisings as well. Organized AZ, the encyclopedia covers all major wars and conflicts in North America from the late-15th to mid-18th centuries, with discussions of key battles, diplomatic efforts, military technologies, and strategies and tactics. Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775 explores the context for conflict, with essays on competing colonial powers, every major Native American tribe, all important political and military leaders, and a range of social and cultural issues. The insights and information contained here will help anyone understand the genesis of North American culture, the plight of Native Americans after European contact, and the beginnings of the United States of America. Encyclopedia of North American colonial conflicts to 1775: a political, social, and military history is the first multivolume resource on the full range of combat and confrontation in the New World prior to the American Revolution - not just rivalries between European empires but Indian conflicts, slave rebellions, and popular uprisings as well. Organized A-Z, the encyclopedia covers all major wars and conflicts in North America from the late-15th to mid-18th centuries, with discussions of key battles, diplomatic efforts, military technologies, and strategies and tactics. Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775 explores the context for conflict, with essays on competing colonial powers, every major Native American tribe, all important political and military leaders, and a range of social and cultural issues. The insights and information contained here will help anyone understand the genesis of North American culture, the plight of Native Americans after European contact, and the beginnings of the United States of America