The Encyclopedia Of Addictions And Addictive Behaviors (Facts on File Library of Health and Living)

Millions of Americans - from adolescents to senior citizens - are ruled by addictive behaviors that may destroy their lives as well as the lives of their families, friends, and even strangers. ''The Encyclopedia of Addictions and Addictive Behaviors'' is an A-to-Z reference to addictive behaviors, their signs, symptoms, and causes, as well as how to recognize and treat them. More than 300 entries provide a comprehensive overview of individual addictions as well as overlapping issues, such as emotional problems, family dysfunction, and difficulties with employment. This invaluable resource also provides theoretical and practical information on how people who are addicted to various substances or behaviors can, with hard work and assistance from others, often recover and go on to lead normal, productive lives. Cover Page 1 Title Page 4 ISBN 0816057079 5 CONTENTS 8 FOREWORD 10 INTRODUCTION 12 ENTRIES A–Z 24 A 26 abstinence 26 abuse 26 accidental overdose 26 accidents 26 acknowledgment of addiction 27 addiction 27 addiction medicine 28 addictive behaviors 28 addictive personality 29 Al-Anon 30 Alateen 30 alcohol abuse 30 alcohol addiction 31 alcohol/alcohol consumption 31 alcohol breath tests 32 alcoholic health problems 35 alcoholic hepatitis 38 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) 38 alcoholism 39 alcohol laws 45 alcohol poisoning 45 American Psychiatric Association 46 American Psychological Association 46 amphetamine psychosis 46 amphetamines 47 anabolic steroids 49 anorexia nervosa 50 Antabuse (disulfiram) 53 antianxiety medications 56 antidepressants 56 antismoking laws 56 anxiety disorders 56 athletes 59 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 60 B 64 barbiturates 64 battered partners 64 beer 64 behavior modification 65 benzodiazepines 65 Betty Ford Center 67 binge drinking 67 binge eating disorder 70 bipolar disorder 71 blackouts, alcoholic 73 blood alcohol levels 74 bulimia nervosa 75 buprenorphine 78 C 80 caffeine 80 Campral (acamprosate calcium) 81 cancer 82 carcinogens 83 carisoprodol (Soma) 83 celebrities 84 chewing tobacco 84 child abuse and neglect 84 children, effect of parental substance abuse on 86 cirrhosis 87 club drugs 87 cocaine 88 codependency 93 college students 94 Colombia 99 compulsive shopping 99 Controlled Substances Act 100 cosmetic surgery, addiction to 100 cough syrup 101 crack cocaine 102 crack houses 103 crank 103 craving 103 credit card overspending 103 crime and addiction 103 cross-tolerance 105 crystal meth 105 D 106 Darvon 106 date/acquaintance rape 106 date rape drugs 108 dealers, drug 108 death 108 delirium tremens (DTs) 109 depression 109 designer drugs 114 detoxification 114 diet pills 117 diversion programs 117 drinking games 117 driving, impaired 117 driving while intoxicated/driving under the influ-ence 121 drug abuse 122 drug abuse/addiction and health problems 122 drug addiction 124 drug courts 127 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) 128 drug-free zones 129 drug testing 129 dual diagnosis 131 E 136 Ecstasy 136 education 137 elderly/older adults 137 emergency treatment 139 emphysema 141 employee assistance programs (EAPs) 143 emotions 144 enablers 144 ethanol 145 euphoria 145 exercise addiction/dependence 145 extreme sports, addiction to 147 F 148 false positives 148 fatty liver disease/steatosis 148 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) 149 food addiction 153 G 154 Gamblers Anonymous 154 gambling, pathological 154 genetic predispositions 157 GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)/GHB analogs 158 glue 159 H 160 hallucinations 160 hashish 160 hepatitis 160 heredity 162 heroin 162 homelessness 164 homicide 165 I 166 illegal drugs and health problems 166 impulse control disorder 166 impulsivity 166 incarceration 166 inhalants, abuse of 167 Internet 169 Internet addiction disorder 173 intervention 175 intravenous drug use, illegal 175 K 176 ketamine 176 L 178 liver 178 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) 178 lung cancer 179 M 182 marijuana 182 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) 188 MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) 190 mental illness/psychiatric problems 190 methadone 190 methadone as a drug of abuse 190 methamphetamine 191 Mexico 194 moods 194 mood stabilizers 195 morphine 195 multiple addictions 195 mushrooms/psilocybin 195 N 198 naltrexone 198 narcotics 199 Narcotics Anonymous 199 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alco-holism (NIAAA) 199 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 200 nicotine 200 Nicotine Anonymous 201 nicotine replacement therapy 201 nonnarcotic pain relievers 202 O 204 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 204 opiates 206 oral cancer 206 overdose 207 overeating/obesity 207 over-the-counter medications 213 OxyContin 213 P 216 pain 216 painkilling medications 216 pain management 216 pain management centers 218 pancreatitis, alcoholic 218 PCP (phencyclidine) 219 peer pressure 220 peyote 220 physicians and health care professionals and addic-tion 220 pica 223 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 223 pregnancy 223 prescription drug abuse 227 propoxyphene (Darvon) 230 prostitution 230 psychiatric medications 232 psychiatric problems 232 psychiatrists 232 psychotic break 232 R 234 recovery 234 rehabilitation 234 relapses 234 Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) 234 S 236 scheduled drugs 236 schizophrenia 237 secondhand smoke 239 Sex Addicts Anonymous 239 sexual addiction 239 sex, unplanned 241 shopping addiction 241 smokeless tobacco 241 smoking and health problems 242 smoking cessation 245 smoking, cigarette 247 substance abuse 250 suicide 251 T 256 teenage and youth drinking 256 teenage and youth drug abuse 260 teenage and youth gambling 266 teenage and youth smoking 267 television, addiction to 269 tobacco 270 tobacco settlement law 270 tolerance 270 tramadol (Ultram) 270 treatment contract/medications 270 treatment facilities 272 Twelve Steps 275 U–V 278 Ultram 278 urine tests 278 veterans, military 278 violence 278 W 280 Wernicke’s encephalopathy 280 withdrawal 280 work 283 Z 286 zero-tolerance laws 286 Zyban (bupropion) 286 APPENDIXES 288 APPENDIX I 291 APPENDIX II 296 APPENDIX III 301 APPENDIX IV 305 APPENDIX V 307 APPENDIX VI 312 APPENDIX VII 313 APPENDIX VIII 315 APPENDIX IX 316 APPENDIX X 318 APPENDIX XI 320 APPENDIX XII 322 APPENDIX XIII 324 APPENDIX XIV 326 APPENDIX XV 327 APPENDIX XVI 328 APPENDIX XVII 329 APPENDIX XVIII 330 BIBLIOGRAPHY 332 INDEX (wth page links) 346 A 346 B 350 C 351 D 353 E 355 F,G 356 H 357 I 358 K,L 359 M 360 N 361 O 362 P 363 R 364 S 365 T 367 U,V,W 368 X,Y,Z 369 Cover Page......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 ISBN 0816057079......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 8 FOREWORD......Page 10 INTRODUCTION......Page 12 ENTRIES A–Z......Page 24 accidents......Page 26 addiction......Page 27 addictive behaviors......Page 28 addictive personality......Page 29 alcohol abuse......Page 30 alcohol/alcohol consumption......Page 31 alcohol breath tests......Page 32 alcoholic health problems......Page 35 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)......Page 38 alcoholism......Page 39 alcohol poisoning......Page 45 amphetamine psychosis......Page 46 amphetamines......Page 47 anabolic steroids......Page 49 anorexia nervosa......Page 50 Antabuse (disulfiram)......Page 53 anxiety disorders......Page 56 athletes......Page 59 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)......Page 60 beer......Page 64 benzodiazepines......Page 65 binge drinking......Page 67 binge eating disorder......Page 70 bipolar disorder......Page 71 blackouts, alcoholic......Page 73 blood alcohol levels......Page 74 bulimia nervosa......Page 75 buprenorphine......Page 78 caffeine......Page 80 Campral (acamprosate calcium)......Page 81 cancer......Page 82 carisoprodol (Soma)......Page 83 child abuse and neglect......Page 84 children, effect of parental substance abuse on......Page 86 club drugs......Page 87 cocaine......Page 88 codependency......Page 93 college students......Page 94 compulsive shopping......Page 99 cosmetic surgery, addiction to......Page 100 cough syrup......Page 101 crack cocaine......Page 102 crime and addiction......Page 103 crystal meth......Page 105 date/acquaintance rape......Page 106 death......Page 108 depression......Page 109 detoxification......Page 114 driving, impaired......Page 117 driving while intoxicated/driving under the influ-ence......Page 121 drug abuse/addiction and health problems......Page 122 drug addiction......Page 124 drug courts......Page 127 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)......Page 128 drug testing......Page 129 dual diagnosis......Page 131 Ecstasy......Page 136 elderly/older adults......Page 137 emergency treatment......Page 139 emphysema......Page 141 employee assistance programs (EAPs)......Page 143 enablers......Page 144 exercise addiction/dependence......Page 145 extreme sports, addiction to......Page 147 fatty liver disease/steatosis......Page 148 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)......Page 149 food addiction......Page 153 gambling, pathological......Page 154 genetic predispositions......Page 157 GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)/GHB analogs......Page 158 glue......Page 159 hepatitis......Page 160 heroin......Page 162 homelessness......Page 164 homicide......Page 165 incarceration......Page 166 inhalants, abuse of......Page 167 Internet......Page 169 Internet addiction disorder......Page 173 intravenous drug use, illegal......Page 175 ketamine......Page 176 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)......Page 178 lung cancer......Page 179 marijuana......Page 182 Master Settlement Agreement (MSA)......Page 188 methadone as a drug of abuse......Page 190 methamphetamine......Page 191 moods......Page 194 mushrooms/psilocybin......Page 195 naltrexone......Page 198 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alco-holism (NIAAA)......Page 199 nicotine......Page 200 nicotine replacement therapy......Page 201 nonnarcotic pain relievers......Page 202 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)......Page 204 oral cancer......Page 206 overeating/obesity......Page 207 OxyContin......Page 213 pain management......Page 216 pancreatitis, alcoholic......Page 218 PCP (phencyclidine)......Page 219 physicians and health care professionals and addic-tion......Page 220 pregnancy......Page 223 prescription drug abuse......Page 227 prostitution......Page 230 psychotic break......Page 232 Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)......Page 234 scheduled drugs......Page 236 schizophrenia......Page 237 sexual addiction......Page 239 smokeless tobacco......Page 241 smoking and health problems......Page 242 smoking cessation......Page 245 smoking, cigarette......Page 247 substance abuse......Page 250 suicide......Page 251 teenage and youth drinking......Page 256 teenage and youth drug abuse......Page 260 teenage and youth gambling......Page 266 teenage and youth smoking......Page 267 television, addiction to......Page 269 treatment contract/medications......Page 270 treatment facilities......Page 272 Twelve Steps......Page 275 violence......Page 278 withdrawal......Page 280 work......Page 283 Zyban (bupropion)......Page 286 APPENDIXES......Page 288 APPENDIX I......Page 291 APPENDIX II......Page 296 APPENDIX III......Page 301 APPENDIX IV......Page 305 APPENDIX V......Page 307 APPENDIX VI......Page 312 APPENDIX VII......Page 313 APPENDIX VIII......Page 315 APPENDIX IX......Page 316 APPENDIX X......Page 318 APPENDIX XI......Page 320 APPENDIX XII......Page 322 APPENDIX XIII......Page 324 APPENDIX XIV......Page 326 APPENDIX XV......Page 327 APPENDIX XVI......Page 328 APPENDIX XVII......Page 329 APPENDIX XVIII......Page 330 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 332 A......Page 346 B......Page 350 C......Page 351 D......Page 353 E......Page 355 F,G......Page 356 H......Page 357 I......Page 358 K,L......Page 359 M......Page 360 N......Page 361 O......Page 362 P......Page 363 R......Page 364 S......Page 365 T......Page 367 U,V,W......Page 368 X,Y,Z......Page 369 Containing some 300 alphabetically arranged entries, this reference covers signs, symptoms, and causes of addictive behaviors and discusses treatments and therapies. It is written at a level accessible to general readers, and it may be useful for counselors and others who need basic information or a starting point for research on a broad range of topics. Entries range from a few paragraphs to several pages and include references and cross-references. Tables containing statistical information on addictions among various populations are found in the appendices, as are lists of state substance abuse agencies and other relevant organizations. Gwinnell is a psychiatrist affiliated with Oregon Health Sciences U.; Adamec is a seasoned writer of medical self-help books The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reports that there were nearly 1.7 million admissions to publicly funded substance abuse treatment programs in 2003. More than 20 percent of these admissions were for alcohol treatment, and of admissions related to illicit drug use, those involving marijuana and heroin were the most widespread. The facts make it clear that there is a major problem with substance abuse in the United States, but what is often overlooked is the crisis connected to less common addictions. Shopping, gambling, plastic surgery, weight loss, and food are all the object of addictions experienced by thousands of Americans Alphabetically arranged entries on addiction provide definitions of such compulsive behaviors as drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders, and excessive gambling, shopping or Internet use and offers the latest information on causes, symptoms and treatments Provides More Than Three Hundred Alphabetically Arranged Entries That Cover The Signs, Symptoms, And Causes Of Addictive Behaviors, And Includes Discussions Of Treatments And Therapies.