پروندهٔ اینشتین: جنگ مخفی FBI علیه مشهورترین دانشمند جهان

Einstein arrived in the United States in 1933, the year the Nazis rose to power in Germany. From that moment until he died in 1955, J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI—with other agencies—feverishly collected “derogatory information” to undermine the renowned scientist’s influence and destroy his reputation. With material accessed under the Freedom of Information Act, Fred Jerome reveals the depth of, and the reasons for, this massive anti-Einstein campaign. He also uncovers Einstein’s strong political commitments that have been conveniently buried under the image of the absent-minded icon genius. Whereas Einstein said on several occasions, “My life is divided between equations and politics,” Jerome delves into his little-known political half-life. Einstein, Hoover... Trump Jerome’s preface to this new enriched edition of__The Einstein File,__traces the path of surveillance from J. Edgar Hoover, through McCarthyism, to the Trump era. The preface also presents new information gathered about the things that the FBI hated so much about Einstein: his very close friendship with Paul Robeson and their collaboration in fighting racism; and his studied position on Israel and Zionism that Israeli polticians do everything to hide. Contents 9 Einstein and McCarthyism – Old and New 11 Squelching Scientists Then and Now 15 Preface 19 Introduction 27 PART 1 31 Discovering America 31 1. “What’s This, an Inquisition?” 33 2. Flashback 44 3. Refugee 54 4. Banned from the Bomb 66 WHY EINSTEIN? 72 PART II 83 Postwar Fallout 83 5. Emergency Committee 85 DESTROY 60 PCT. OF CITY! 89 6. American Crusade to End Lynching 99 7. The Einstein Watch 115 8. Right Time 123 PART III 147 Guilt by Associations 147 9. The List 149 10. Du Bois and Robeson 154 11. How Red? 165 PART IV 179 Operation “Get Einstein” 179 12. “Eleanor Could Have Triggered It...” 181 13. Spy Hunt: Fuchs 189 14. Far Out 210 15. Spy Hunt 2: Operation Cable-Drop 216 MYSTERY WITNESS 228 16. “Undesirable Alien” 239 PART V 251 Denouement 251 17. Turning Tides 253 18. The Unraveling 275 19. Einstein the Spy? 285 Conclusion 295 Postscript 303 Appendix 305 Author’s Update 307 What’s New? 312 Einstein the anti-racist and the people of Witherspoon Street 313 Einstein, a cultural Zionist opposed to political Zionism and the Founding of a Jewish State 317 Einstein’s got mail (and there’s a lot to learn) 319 2018 and Going Forward 326 Einstein as Organizer 328 “If this be Treason....” 331 Einstein is Subject of an FBI “Treason” File 331 Notes 337 PREFACE 337 INTRODUCTION 337 1. “WHAT’S THIS, AN INQUISITION?” 338 2. FLASHBACK 340 3. REFUGEE 341 4. BANNED FROM THE BOMB 343 5. EMERGENCY COMMITTEE 345 6. AMERICAN CRUSADE TO END LYNCHING 349 7. THE EINSTEIN WATCH 351 8. RIGHT TIME 351 9. THE LIST 353 10. DU BOIS AND ROBESON 354 11. HOW RED? 355 12. “ELEANOR COULD HAVE TRIGGERED IT...” 359 13. SPY HUNT 1: FUCHS 360 14. FAR OUT 361 15. SPY HUNT 2: OPERATION CABLE-DROP 361 16. “UNDESIRABLE ALIEN” 364 17. TURNING TIDES 365 18. THE UNRAVELING 368 19. EINSTEIN THE SPY? 369 CONCLUSION 370 POSTSCRIPT 371 Sources on Einstein 373 Acknowledgments 385 Index 389 Einstein arrived in the United States in 1933, the year the Nazis rose to power in Germany. From that moment until he died in 1955, J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI—with other agencies—feverishly collected “derogatory information” to undermine the renowned scientist’s influence and destroy his reputation. With material accessed under the Freedom of Information Act, Fred Jerome reveals the depth of, and the reasons for, this massive anti-Einstein campaign. He also uncovers Einstein’s strong political commitments that have been conveniently buried under the image of the absent-minded icon genius. Whereas Einstein said on several occasions, “My life is divided between equations and politics,” Jerome delves into his little-known political half-life. Einstein, Hoover... Trump Jerome’s preface to this new enriched edition of The Einstein File, traces the path of surveillance from J. Edgar Hoover, through McCarthyism, to the Trump era. The preface also presents new information gathered about the things that the FBI hated so much about Einstein: his very close friendship with Paul Robeson and their collaboration in fighting racism; and his studied position on Israel and Zionism that Israeli polticians do everything to hide. A look at how the FBI, with the help of other government agencies, set out to collect information to use against Einstein