The Economics of Health and Medical Care : Proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic Association at Tokyo

life expectancy were very crude proxies for studying the output of various kinds of health and medical care programs. The tone of both papers was essentially optimistic, with both authors concluding that the economists' usual analytical techniques, when applied to sophisticated data, would yield a satisfactory social return on the necessary intellectual investment. Part II. The nine papers in this part were initially conceived as dealing with problems of the national supply and demand for health and medical services. As they turned out, however, there were several denominators -which were by no means common. Two papers dealt with international comparisons. Dr Kleiman studied the public/private split in responsibility for the provision of medical care. His model has a beguiling neatness; his conclusion is a Session I II Front Matter....Pages i-xx Front Matter....Pages 1-1 The Economic History of Medical Care....Pages 3-20 Economic History and Health Care in Industrialized Nations....Pages 21-38 Front Matter....Pages 39-39 The System of Medical Care in Japan and its Problems....Pages 41-56 Proprietary Hospitals in the United States....Pages 57-65 The Determinants of National Outlay on Health....Pages 66-88 Economics of Need: The Experience of the British Health Service....Pages 89-107 Private Patients in N.H.S. Hospitals: Waiting Lists and Subsidies....Pages 108-116 Consumer Protection, Incentives and Externalities in the Drug Market....Pages 117-138 Price and Income Elasticities for Medical Care Services....Pages 139-161 Supplier-Induced Demand: Some Empirical Evidence and Implications....Pages 162-173 Some Economic Aspects of Mortality in Developed Countries....Pages 174-201 Front Matter....Pages 203-203 Health, Hours and Wages....Pages 205-233 A Test of Alternative Demand-Shift Responses to the Medicare Program....Pages 234-247 Demand for Emergency Health Care and Regional Systems for Provision of Supply....Pages 248-280 Front Matter....Pages 281-281 The Role of Technology, Demand and Labor Markets in the Determination of Hospital Costs....Pages 283-301 A Microanalysis of Physicians’ Hours of Work Decisions....Pages 302-325 Modeling the Delivery of Medical Services....Pages 326-360 Measuring the Effectiveness of Health Care Systems....Pages 361-376 Health Indicators and Health Systems Analysis....Pages 377-401 The Quality of Hospital Services: An Analysis of Geographic Variation and Intertemporal Change....Pages 402-427 Front Matter....Pages 281-281 Smoking and the Economics of Government Intervention....Pages 428-441 Allied Health Personnel in Physicians’ Offices: An Econometric Approach....Pages 442-458 Econometric Forecasts of Health Services and Health Manpower....Pages 459-477 Front Matter....Pages 479-479 On the Social Rationality of Health Policies....Pages 481-509 Choice of Technique....Pages 510-537 Back Matter....Pages 539-547 Record of Discussion6 Economics of Need: The Experience of the British Health Service; 7 Private Patients in N.H.S. Hospitals: Waiting Lists and Subsidies; 8 Consumer Protection, Incentives and Externalities in the Drug Market; Summary Record of Discussion; 9 Price and Income Elasticities for Medical Care Services; 10 Supplier-Induced Demand: Some Empirical Evidence and Implications; 11 Some Economic Aspects of Mortality in Developed Countries; Summary Record of Discussion; PART THREE: THE IMPACT OF DEMAND FOR HEALTH SERVICES; 12 Health, Hours and Wages