The East: Buddhists, Hindus and the Sons of Heaven (Architecture in Context Series)

Continuing the Architecture in Context series, this second volume narrates the development of architecture across a huge swathe of the world, from the Indian subcontinent to the Japanese archipelago, over a period extending from prehistory to the arrival of Islam and its distinct traditions from the eleventh century onwards. Fantastically illustrated, with over 1,000 photographs and drawings, Christopher Tadgell covers the major architectural traditions of India, China, Thailand and Japan as well as the spectacular architecture of Sri Lanka, Nepal, Korea, Myenmar, Bhutan and Tibet. As with the first volume - Antiquity - The East presents not only the buildings themselves, but the cultures and peoples that they are a part of. Unprecedented in its scope, this volume is a beautiful guide to the fascinating history of Eastern architecture. Cover Dedication Title Copyright CONTENTS PART 1 BUDDHIST AND BRAHMANICAL 1.1 THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT Prologue: progenitors Vedic creators Kingship and caste Brahmanism Transmigration and liberation The Mahavira and the Buddha Settlement 1 The Mauryas and their successors India’s earliest imperial work Mauryan sanctuaries and shrines Stupa and monastery under the Mauryas’ successors 2 Helenistic intruders and the Mahayana The transformation of Buddhism: veneration to worship The ‘Great Transformation’: manifestation Transformation in the north: town and monastery Mahayana in the south 3 The pantheon of the gods The advent of Hinduism Tantrism Worship 4 Hindu empire and the fruits of dynastic rivalry Gupta foundations Excavation Classic structure Chalukyan experiments in structure 5 The south and the great Dravidian vimana Pallavan experiments Structures of the restored Chalukyas The culmination of excavation Chola inheritance Chola legacy Vijayanagaran empire and its successors 6 The north and the ‘Nagara’ temple mountain Bengal Kashmir The Pratiharas and the early northern temple After the Pratiharas The Solankis and Jaina patronage in western India The Chandellas and their neighbours The Paramaras and their neighbours Orissa 7 Central synthesis Cross-fertilization The Later Chalukyas The Hoysalas 8 Forts 9 Sri Lanka Orthodox and heterodox The Anuradhapura era: the monastic complex The Anuradapura dagoba The palace and Sigiriya The Tooth, the Tamils and the temple From Anuradhapura to Polonnaruwa Polonnaruwa monuments Interior realms and Kandy 10 Nepal Lichchhavis Kingdom and city-states Vernacular building Court and square The vihara The temple 1.2 SOUTH-EAST ASIA 11 Java and its neighbours Religions and central dynasties Monuments of syncretic faith The Great Stupa Mountain The great Hindu candi Eastern supremacy East Javan monuments From Java to Bali 12 The Advent of the Khmer Funan Zhenla Elevation of the Khmer 13 Angkor Suryavarman ii 14 The Cham and the late ascent of the Mahayana at Angkor The Chams Cham reversal at Angkor 15 Mons and Myenmar The land of the Irrawaddi and the Chao Phraya Pyu legacy From Sriksetra to Bagan Bagan and its monuments After Bagan The stupa The temple The monastery The palace 16 Thais and their eastern neighbours Thai vernacular and monumental types Sukhothai monuments From Sukhothai to Ayutthaya Ayutthayan monuments The Ayutthayan legacy Early Bangkok Lanna Luang Prabang Phnom Penh PART 2 HEAVEN’S EMPIRES 2.1 CHINA AND ITS ORBIT 1 The generation of conservative traditions Opening history Zhou Confucianism and Daoism Town and country planning The Qin and the Han Han burial Palaces and houses Conclusion 2 Interregnum and the impact of Buddhism Three Kingdoms: moving capitals The origin of the temple 3 Middle age, Sui,Tang and Song Tombs Temples and monasteries Elementary structure Early northern works Elements Colour From Tang to Song Tombs Religious buildings and their distribution Northern survivals Southern variants 4 The Yuan interregnum and Tibet Tibet and the emergence of Lamaism A new generation of lamaseries Lamaism at Dadu 5 Ming and the Qing: longevity and sclerosis From Ming to Qing Tombs Temples Southern style abroad Town houses Private gardens, their houses and retreats Imperial garden retreats 6 Himalayan theocracy and imperial Lamaism Tibet after the Yuan Tibetan building Bhutan Bhutanese building Imperial Lamaism 7 Korea Architecture: introduction Temples The secular tradition: early palaces Building standards and Confucian colleges The Yi palace 2.2 JAPAN 8 Origins Introduction Early buildings Burial practices The spirit house Local variations 9 From Asuka to Heian The advent of Buddhism Asukadera and the advent of the Buddhist temple The Buddhist temple and its parts Construction Materials Conservative tradition Experimental planning The Fujiwara Heijo-kyo Monastery and state Imperial temples Heian-kyo (Kyoto) and the advent of feudalism Esoteric retreat Developments in temple building Temple and jinja The court and the Western Paradise House and palace in Heian-kyo The garden 10 Kamakura and Muromachi Military dictatorship and Zen Muromachi Materials and the manipulation of form Temple styles Wayo Daibutsu Zenshuyo Zen foundations The Zen garden: wilderness, abstraction and tea Muromachi palaces 11 From Momoyama to Edo The Tokugawa period Castles and their towns Mansions and palaces The garden Temples and shrines Imperial restoration GLOSSARY FURTHER READING MAPS South-east Asia Empires of the Indian subcontinent China: States China: Dynasties Cambodia Korea Japan INDEX "The East, the second in a series of five books that describe and illustrate the seminal architectural traditions of the world, is a survey of unparalleled range. The journey starts on the Indian subcontinent with the Vedic and native cultures of the 2nd millennium BCE. Modified by the changing demands of worship, they produced the characteristic forms of Buddhist and Hindu temples in all their spacial and sculptural variety - and helped to shape palaces and even towns in a complex line of development." "The second part of the book examines the long but conservative architectural histories of China, Korea and Japan and their spheres of influence, a story of absorption and transformation centred on the walled enclosures of China and the Japanese predilection for informality and artful simplicity." "Not simply a profusely illustrated catalogue of buildings, the book also describes their political, technological, social and cultural contacts. It functions equally well as a detailed and comprehensive narrative, as a collection of the great buildings of the region, and as an archive of themes across time and place."--Jacket This beautifully illustrated volume narrates the development of architecture across a huge swathe of the world and over a period extending from prehistory to the arrival of Islam and its distinct traditions from the eleventh century onwards