The Eagle and the Lion [sound Recording] : the Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations

A thought-provoking exploration of the American-Iranian relationship, from the 1940s through the Iran-Contra affair and its aftermath. James Bill, a well-known authority on the Middle East, has not only lived in Iran but also closely observed U.S. policy-making toward that country. He draws on interviews with many of the key American and Iranian figures, embassy files, Persian sources, archival records, and other sources from both countries to write this definitive analysis of American-Iranian relations. “A surprisingly fresh rendition of events. Bill’s well-constructed narrative will hold the non-expert reader’s interest.”—Jim Hoagland, __Washington Post Book World__ “A searching study of America’s relations with Iran since World War II. A powerful book that should be widely read and taken seriously.”—John C. Campbell, __Foreign Affairs__ “Essential reading.”—Andrew Gowers, __Financial Times__ “By far the most searching study of contemporary United States-Iranian relations I have encountered.”—George W. Ball “A carefully documented hard-hitting case study of the reasons behind America’s trials and tribulations in the Third World.”—Melvin R. Laird “The most detailed and vivid account yet of America’s encounter with Iran.”—Fouad Ajami, __New York Times Book Review__ Selected by __Library Journal__ as one of their Best Books of 1988. Contents 7 Acknowledgments 9 Note on Transliteration 13 Introduction 15 PART I 29 1. America and Iran: Early Entanglements 29 2. Petroleum Politics and the American Intervention of 1953 65 3. The Politics of Reaction and Pahlavi Retrenchment, 1954-1961 112 4. An Interlude of Reform: John F. Kennedy and Iran, 1961-1963 145 5. Counterreform, Lyndon Johnson, and Pahlavi Retrenchment, 1963-1970 168 6. Iran, America, and the Triumph of Repression, 1971-1977 197 7. America and the Iranian Revolution, 1977-1979 230 8. The Islamic Republic and America: Ruptured Relations and a Venture in Rapprochement 275 PART II 333 9. Pahlavism in America: The Informal Politics of Foreign Policy-Making 333 10. The United States in Iran: Diplomats, Intelligence Agents, and Policy- Making 393 11. The Politics of Foreign Policy Failure.- A System of Reinforcing Errors 439 Bibliography 476 Notes 476 Index 524

In this prize-winning book Nathan O. Hatch offers a provocative reassessment of religion and culture in the early days of the American republic, arguing that during this period American Christianity was democratized and common people became powerful actors on the religious scene. Hatch examines five distinct traditions or mass movements that emerged early in the nineteenth century - the Christian movement, Methodism, the Baptist movement, the black churches, and the Mormons - showing how all offered compelling visions of individual potential and collective aspiration to the unschooled and unsophisticated.

Explores the American-Iranian relationship from the 1940s through the Iran-Contra affair