حوزه‌های هویت: چارچوبی برای درک سیستم‌های هویتی در جامعه معاصر (تأثیر آنتهم)

"The Domains of Identity" defines sixteen simple and comprehensive categories of transactions which cause personally identifiable information to be stored in databases. This research, which builds on the synthesis of over 900 academic articles, addresses the challenges of identity management that involve interactions of almost all people in almost all institutional/organizational contexts. Enumerating the sixteen domains and describing the characteristics of each domain clarifies which problems can arise and how they can be solved within each domain. Discussions of identity management are often confusing because they mix issues from multiple domains, or because they try unsuccessfully to apply solutions from one domain to problems in another. This book is an attempt to eliminate the confusion and enable clearer conversations about identity management problems and solutions. Who owns our digital identity? Is ownership even a relevant concept here? Who controls our digital identity (or pieces of it)? What is the correct relationship between the individual, the state, and private actors and organizations, with respect to one's identity? What do emerging technical architectures do to potentially create alignment? What identity is required to get identity documents? Kaliya Young guides us through these and other questions we need to be asking to solve our society's complex identity challenges. | "The Domains of Identity" defines sixteen simple and comprehensive categories of interactions which cause personally identifiable information to be stored in databases. This research, which builds on the synthesis of over 900 academic articles, addresses the challenges of identity management that involve interactions of almost all people in almost all institutional/organizational contexts. Enumerating the sixteen domains and describing the characteristics of each domain clarifies which problems can arise and how they can be solved within each domain. Discussions of identity management are often confusing because they mix issues from multiple domains, or because they try unsuccessfully to apply solutions from one domain to problems in another. This book is an attempt to eliminate the confusion and enable clearer conversations about identity management problems and solutions. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Series information......Page 4 Title page......Page 7 Copyright information......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 Table of Contents......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Introduction......Page 15 1. Me and My Identity......Page 23 What Is Identity?......Page 24 What Is My Digital Identity?......Page 25 Who Owns My Digital Identity? Is Ownership Even a Relevant Concept Here?......Page 26 User-Centric Identity......Page 27 Digital Human Rights......Page 28 What Is the Correct Relationship between the Individual, the State, and Private Actors and Organizations, with Respect to My Identity?......Page 29 What Are the Gaps between How Delegation Is Managed with and without Digital Technology?......Page 30 2. You and My Identity (Delegated Relationships)......Page 31 Who Is a Natural Person?......Page 32 How Is Document Signing Managed in the Digital World?......Page 33 Gaps Delegation Management......Page 34 Gaps with Person-to-Entity Delegation in the Digital World......Page 36 Gaps with Entity-to-Person Delegation in the Digital World......Page 37 3. Government Registration......Page 39 How Do Citizens Get Registered with the State?......Page 40 What Are Contemporary Birth Registration Processes?......Page 41 The Purpose of Identification Numbers and Their Usefulness......Page 42 What Are Alternatives That the Digital Technologies Provide to One Number?......Page 43 Identity Required to Get Identity Documents?......Page 44 What Role Do Biometrics Play in Government Registration?......Page 45 Enrollment and Authentication, They Are Different......Page 46 Identity for Development and Birth Registration Challenges......Page 47 What Are Alternatives to Government Registration Systems?......Page 49 What Are Self-Sovereign Identity Systems?......Page 50 The Transition from Feudalism to the Church......Page 51 What Are the Origins of States (Governments)?......Page 52 What Are the Origins of Identity Papers?......Page 53 What Are the Origins of Birth Registration?......Page 54 How did We Get to Universal Birth Registration?......Page 55 4 Government Transactions......Page 57 Detailed Description and Relevant Literature......Page 58 Can Individuals Sign Documents in These Transactions?......Page 59 What Role Does Authentication Play in Supporting Individuals Transacting with Governments?......Page 60 5 Civil Society Registration......Page 63 What Is the Process of Enrollment?......Page 64 How Do You “Prove” Attributes That the Government Has Authority Over Digitally?......Page 65 Delegation and the Role It Plays with This Activity......Page 66 6 Civil Society Transactions......Page 67 How Are They Managed Now Digitally?......Page 68 How Does One Prove Current Membership in an Organization?......Page 69 Relationship to Other Domains......Page 71 What Is the Explicit Process of Enrollment in Person?......Page 72 What Is the Second Stage of Enrollment?......Page 73 What Are Examples of Implicit Commercial Registration?......Page 74 How Do Individuals Un-Enroll?......Page 75 8 Commercial Transactions......Page 77 What Happens to the Records and the Data?......Page 78 What Regulation Is Coming in Europe?......Page 79 9 Government Surveillance......Page 81 What Are the Power Dynamics of Surveillance?......Page 82 How Has Technology Changed Surveillance?......Page 83 Voluntary Surveillance by Government......Page 84 Semi-Known Involuntary Surveillance by Government......Page 85 Unknown Surveillance by Government......Page 86 Relationship to Other Domains......Page 87 Can Civil Society Conduct Sousveillance?......Page 88 Relationship to Other Domains......Page 91 What Is Surveillance in the Context of Commercial Enterprises?......Page 92 Forms of Known Involuntary Surveillance by Commercially Entities......Page 93 Forms of Unknown Involuntary Surveillance by Commercially Entities......Page 94 The Grey Zone......Page 95 12 Employment Registration......Page 97 Identity Proofing and Credential Verification......Page 98 How Does Onboarding in the Digital Systems Work?......Page 99 What Happens When Employees Stop Being Employees?......Page 100 13 Employment Transactions......Page 101 Description......Page 102 How Is It Similar to or Different from Government Transactions?......Page 103 Relationship to Other Domains......Page 105 Description......Page 106 What Is the Connection between Self-Tracking and Employment Surveillance?......Page 108 15 Data Broker Industry......Page 109 Description......Page 110 What Are the Types of Data Brokers?......Page 111 What Are the Data Sources from the Commercial Sector?......Page 112 How Much Data Do Data Brokers Have?......Page 113 Data Brokers and Data Breaches......Page 114 What Are Consumer Scores?......Page 115 What Rights Do Consumers Have to Access the Data That Brokers Have about Them?......Page 116 16 Illicit Market......Page 117 Description of the Illicit Market......Page 118 Conclusion......Page 121 Bibliography......Page 123 Index......Page 139 The Domains of Identity defines sixteen simple and comprehensive categories of transactions which cause personally identifiable information to be stored in databases. This research, which builds on the synthesis of over nine hundred academic articles, addresses the challenges of identity management that involve interactions of almost all people in almost all institutional/organizational contexts. Enumerating the sixteen domains and describing the characteristics of each domain clarifies which problems can arise and how they can be solved within each domain. Discussions of identity management are often confusing because they mix issues from multiple domains, or because they try unsuccessfully to apply solutions from one domain to problems in another. This book is an attempt to eliminate the confusion and enable clearer conversations about identity management problems and solutions. Who owns our digital identity? Is ownership even a relevant concept here? Who controls our digital identity (or pieces of it)? What is the correct relationship between the individual, the state, and private actors and organizations, with respect to one's identity? What do emerging technical architectures do to potentially create alignment? What identity is required to get identity documents? Kaliya Young guides us through these and other questions we need to be asking to solve our society's complex identity challenges “The Domains of Identity” defines sixteen coherent yet comprehensive categories of interactions which cause personally identifiable information to be stored in databases. Discussions of identity management are often confusing; enumerating these domains and describing their characteristics clarifies which problems arise and how they can be solved within each domain. Discussions of identity management are often confusing because they mix issues from multiple domains, or because they try unsuccessfully to apply solutions from one domain to problems in another. This book is an attempt to eliminate the confusion and enable clearer conversations about identity management problems and solutions.