The Decline Of Military Regimes : The Civilian Influence

Many generous people deserve special thanks for their assistance in the preparation and completion of this project. I wish to express my gratitude to each of the contributors for agreeing to tackle a difficult and inherently controversial subject. I am only sorry that C.I. Eugene Kim did not live long enough to see the fruits of his labor; he will be sorely missed by all of us who knew him. The Third World and the military do not respond easily to scrutiny by social scientists. Many colleagues and referees read all or part of the manuscript; I am grateful to Professors Richard Lane, Roy Christman, and Bob Kumamoto of San Jose State University and Timothy Lukes of Santa Clara University, who offered numerous helpful• comments. My parents, Panos and Athanasia Danopoulos, my brother George and his wife, Niki, my aunt Areti Paraskevopoulou, and my koumbaro George Nikoletopoulos have provided boundless moral support. Polly Taylor's expert typing and coding made the preparation of the typescript possible. Finally, my wife, Vickie, and our two sons, Panos and Andreas, deserve special thanks for their willingness to endure the long hours that writing and manuscript preparation entail. Though helpful, none of these people bear any responsibility for any problems associated with this volume. Responsibility for the accuracy and scholastic quality of what follows belongs to the contributors and myself. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Acknowledgments 10 About the Editor and Contributors 12 1 Military Dictatorships in Retreat: Problems and Perspectives 16 2 Obstacles to Disengagement and Democratization: Military Regimes in Benin and Burkina Faso 40 3 After the Coup: South Korea Creates a New Political Order 60 4 Polish Soldiers in Politics: The Party in Uniform? 90 5 Contemporary Civil-Military Relations Theory and De-Intervention: The Case of Panama 120 6 The Politics of Disengagement in Turkey: The Kemalist Tradition 146 7 Back to the Barracks: The Brazilian Military's Style 162 8 A Postmortem of the Institutional Military Regime in Peru 186 9 Withdrawal in Disgrace: Decline of the Argentine Military 214 10 Beating a Hasty Retreat: The Greek Military Withdraws from Power 240 11 Withdrawal and After: A One-Way Street or a Revolving Door? 274 Index 284 This book presents case studies that highlight the different degrees of civilian supremacy, the forces that prompted military disengagement, the role of the armed forces, as well as difficulties and travails associated with return to the barracks and transition from military to civilian rule. This book demonstrates that the timing as well as the degree to which the armed forces leave the levers of political power and the nature of the successor regime depend on both external, societal, or ecological factors as well as internal, organizational, or institutional ones