The Dead Sea Genesis Apocryphon: A New Text and Translation with Introduction and Special Treatment of Columns 13-17 (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah)

The so-called Genesis Apocryphon (1Q20) from Qumran Cave 1 has suffered from decades of neglect, due in large part to its poor state of preservation. As part of a resurgent scholarly interest in the Apocryphon, and its prominent position among the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls, this volume presents a fresh transcription, translation, and exstenive textual notes drawing on close study of the original manuscript, all available photographs, and previous publications. In addition, a detailed analysis of columns 13-15 and their relation to the oft-cited parallel in the Book of Jubilees reveals a number of ways in which the two works differ, thereby highlighting several distinctive features of the Genesis Apocryphon. The result is a reliable text edition and a fuller understanding of the message conveyed by this fragmentary but fascinating retelling of Genesis. --From publisher's description CONTENTS 8 Tables and Maps 12 Acknowledgements 14 Abbreviations 16 Map: New Reconstruction of a World Map Like That Underlying Jubileesand the Genesis Apocryphon 17 SECTION ONE THE BACKGROUND AND TEXT OF THE GENESIS APOCRYPHON 18 Chapter One. The Genesis Apocryphon: Issues and Objectives 20 1.1. Objectives 20 1.2. Current Issues in Study of the Genesis Apocryphon 21 1.2.1. Literary Genre 21 1.2.2. Relationship to Genesis 24 1.2.2.1. Theological Tendenz 25 1.2.2.2. Variation in Exegetical Expansion 26 1.2.2.3. 1QapGen 21.23 26 1.2.3. Qumran Origins? 26 1.2.4. Relationship to Other Ancient Jewish Texts 27 1.2.4.1. 1 Enoch and Jubilees 27 1.2.4.1.1. 1 Enoch 28 Excursus: The Date of 1 Enoch 106–107 31 1.2.4.1.2. Jubilees 32 Excursus: The Date of Jubilees 34 1.2.4.2. Other Dead Sea Scrolls 36 1.2.4.2.1. 1Q19 (1Q Livre de Noé) 36 1.2.4.2.2. 4Q534 (4Q Mess ar; 4Q Naissance de Noéa ar) 36 1.2.4.2.3. 4Q535–536 (4Q Naissance de Noé ar) 37 1.2.4.2.4. 6Q8 37 1.2.4.3. Additional Texts 38 1.2.4.3.1. Other “Rewritten” Biblical Works 38 1.2.4.3.2. Rabbinic Midrashim and the Targumim 38 Chapter Two. Text, Translation, and Notes 40 2.1. Introduction to The Present Edition 40 2.1.1. History and Previous Editions 40 2.1.1.1. Pre-publication History 40 2.1.1.2. Milik (Mil)—1955 41 2.1.1.3. Avigad and Yadin (AY)—1956 41 2.1.1.4. Fitzmyer—1966 41 2.1.1.5. Fitzmyer—1971 42 2.1.1.6. Jongeling, Labuschagne, and van der Woude ( J)—1976 42 2.1.1.7. Beyer (B1/2)—1984/1994 42 2.1.1.8. Wise and Zuckerman—1991 42 2.1.1.9. Qimron (Qim1/2)—1992/1999 43 2.1.1.10. Greenfield and Qimron (GQ)—1992 43 2.1.1.11. Morgenstern, Qimron, and Sivan (MQS)—1995 43 2.1.1.12. García Martínez and Tigchelaar (GMT)—1997 43 2.1.1.13. Fitzmyer (F)—2004 44 2.1.1.14. Beyer (B3)—2004 44 2.1.1.15. Abegg and Wise (AW)—2005 44 2.1.1.16. Falk (Flk)—2007 44 2.1.1.17. Other Commentators 45 2.1.2. The Present Edition 45 2.1.2.1. The Need for a New Edition 45 2.1.2.2. Spacing 45 2.1.2.3. Diacritical Marks 45 2.1.2.4. Reconstruction and Tenuous Readings 46 2.1.2.5. Translation 46 2.1.3. Textual Notes 46 2.1.3.1. Photographs 46 2.1.3.2. List of Abbreviations for Sources Consulted in theTextual Notes 47 2.1.4. The Manuscript 48 2.1.4.1. Description, Length, and Dimensions 48 2.1.4.2. Present Condition 48 2.2. Aramaic Transcription with English Translation 50 SECTION TWO THE DIVISION OF THE EARTH IN GENESIS APOCRYPHON 16–17: A CASE STUDY ON ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE BOOK OF JUBILEES 104 Chapter Three. The Background of Genesis Apocryphon 16–17 106 3.1. External Background I: Genesis 10 and Other Biblical Texts 106 3.2. External Background II: The Ionian Map of the Inhabited Earth(oikoumene) 108 Excursus: Babylonian Geography 111 3.3. Internal Background I: The Geographic Substructure of the Genesis Apocryphon 111 3.3.1. Getting to Know Noah 112 3.3.1.1. Genesis Apocryphon 3.17 112 3.3.1.2. Genesis Apocryphon 7.1–2 112 3.3.1.3. Genesis Apocryphon 11.9–12 112 3.3.1.4. Genesis Apocryphon 11.16–17 113 3.3.1.5. Genesis Apocryphon 16–17 113 3.3.2. Abram, Heir of Arpachshad’s Share 113 3.3.2.1. Genesis Apocryphon 19.12–13 113 3.3.2.2. Genesis Apocryphon 21.8–22 114 3.3.3. Summary 114 3.4. Internal Background II: Noah’s Arboreal Dream in GenesisApocryphon 13–15 115 3.4.1. What can we say about Columns 13–15? 115 3.4.2. Some Associated Traditions 117 3.4.2.1. The “Dream of the Garden” 117 3.4.2.2. “Cursed be Canaan” 119 3.4.3. The Setting and Import of the Dream in the GenesisApocryphon 120 3.4.3.1 : “And it was revealed” 123 3.4.4. Summary 125 Chapter Four. A Comparative Commentary on the Earth’s Division in Jubilees 8:11–9:15 and Genesis Apocryphon 16–17 126 4.1. Jubilees 8:11–9:15 127 4.1.1. Noah’s Division among his Sons: Jubilees 8:10–30 128 4.1.1.1. Shem’s Portion: 8:12–21 128 Excursus 1: The Tina River 128 Excursus 2: Karas 129 Excursus 3: The Branch of the Egyptian Sea 131 Excursus 4: The Mouth of the Great Sea 132 Excursus 5: Afra/Fara 132 4.1.1.2. Ham’s Portion: 8:22–24 134 Excursus 6: The Mauq Sea 134 4.1.1.3. Japheth’s Portion: 8:25–30 135 Excursus 7: Aferag 135 4.1.2. The Subdivision among Noah’s Grandsons: Jubilees 9:1–15 136 4.1.2.1. Ham’s Sons: 9:1 136 4.1.2.2. Shem’s Sons: 9:2–6 137 Excursus 8: The Mountains of Asshur 138 4.1.2.3. Japheth’s Sons: 9:7–13 139 Excursus 9: The Islands of Caphtor/Kamaturi 140 4.1.3. Summary: Jubilees’ Division of the Earth 141 4.2. Genesis Apocryphon 16–17 141 4.2.1. Noah’s Division among his Sons: Genesis Apocryphon 16 142 4.2.1.1. Japheth’s Portion: 16.8–12 142 4.2.1.2. Shem’s Portion: 16.14–25 143 4.2.1.3. Ham’s Portion: 16.26 ff. 143 4.2.2. The Subdivision among Noah’s Grandsons: GenesisApocryphon 17 144 4.2.2.1. Ham’s Sons? 144 4.2.2.2. Shem’s Sons: 17.7–15 144 4.2.2.3. Japheth’s Sons: 17.16–19 146 4.2.3. Summary: The Genesis Apocryphon’s Division of the Earthand its Relation to Jubilees 147 Chapter Five. Conclusions 152 5.1. The Exegetical Nature of the Genesis Apocryphon 152 5.1.1. Relationship to Genesis 152 5.1.2. Exegetical Unevenness: Noah and Abram 152 5.1.3. The Exalted Status of Noah (and Abram) 153 5.1.4. Apocalypticism and Heavenly Wisdom 153 5.1.5. Dreams 153 5.1.6. Rights to the Land of Israel 154 5.1.7. Hellenistic Influence 154 5.1.8. Purpose 154 5.2. Provenance and Date 155 5.2.1. The Judean Compositional Setting 155 5.2.2. A non-Qumran (but Qumran-friendly) Work 156 5.2.3. Is 1Q20 the Autograph of the Genesis Apocryphon? 157 5.2.4. Date of the Present Manuscript (1Q20) 157 5.2.5. Language 158 5.2.6. Relationship to Jubilees, 1 Enoch, and Other Works 161 5.2.7. Summary: A Second Century bce Companion to Genesis 163 Illustrations 164 Aramaic Concordance 276 Bibliography 328 Indices 336 Author Index 336 Place Index 337 Ancient Sources Index 339 Subject Index 346 9789004168145 1. The Backgound And Text Of The Genesis Apocryphon . The Genesis Apocryphon : Issues And Objectives -- Text, Translation And Notes -- 2. The Division Of The Earth In Genesis Apocryphon 16-17 : A Case Study Of Its Relationship To The Book Of Jubilees. The Background Of Genesis Apocryphon 16-17 -- A Comparative Commentary On The Earth's Division In Jubilees 8:11-9:15 And Genesis Apocryphon 16-17 -- Conclusions -- Illustrations -- Aramaic Concordance. By Daniel A. Machiela. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [307]-313) And Indexes. As part of a resurgent scholarly interest in the Genesis Apocryphon, this volume presents a fresh transcription and translation of the scroll, along with exstenive textual notes. In addition, a detailed analysis of columns 13-15 highlights several distinctive features of the Apocryphon