The Cultural History of War in the Twentieth Century and After (Elements in Modern Wars)

This Element is a user's guide to the cultural history of warfare since 1914. It provides summaries of the basic questions historians have posed in what is now a truly global field of research. It is divided into three parts. The first provides an introduction to the cultural history of the state, focusing on the institutions of violence, both political and military, as well as introducing the key concept of the civilianization of war. The second part addresses civil society at war. It asks the question as to how do men and women try to make sense and attach meaning to the violence and cruelty of war. It also explores commemoration, religious life, humanitarianism, painting, cinema and the visual arts, and war literature and testimony. The third part explores the family, gender and migration in wartime, and shows how modern war continues to transform the world in which we live today. Cover Title page Copyright page The Cultural History of War in the Twentieth Century and After Contents Introduction: Making Sense of War The Cultural History of the State at War 1 Political Culture Cultural Mobilization The Cultivation of Hatred Cultural Demobilization 2 Military Culture Forming Armies: Consent to Serve Maintaining Armies: Discipline Proportionality Mutiny 3 The Civilianization of War Total War Revolutionary and Counterrevolutionary War Subnational and Transnational Warfare 4 War and Peace The Cultural History of Civil Society at War 5 Commemoration The Lost Generation The Second World War and After After the Cold War 6 Religious Life and War The Christian World The Muslim World The Jewish World 7 Humanitarianism in War Humanitarian Work in the Two World Wars Postwar 8 The Visual Arts The Visual Arts in War The Effect of War on the Visual Arts War Museums 9 Prose, Poetry, and the Voice of the Witness War Poetry War Books The Witness: Beyond Silence The Cultural History of Families in Wartime 10 Families at War Marriage Families, War, and the Welfare State Family Narratives of War, Separation, and Loss Gender and War: Violence against Women 11 The Double Helix The Great War The Second World War Asymmetric Wars and Gender after 1950 12 Flight The Great War Postwar: 1917–39 The Second World War Postwar: 1945–53 Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide, 1975–95 Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria Conclusion Resources Bibliography Acknowledgments