The Cultural Cold War and the Global South: Sites of Contest and Communitas (Routledge Studies in Cultures of the Global Cold War)

"This volume investigates the cultural sites where the global Cold War played out. It brings to view unpredictable encounters that arose as writers, artists, filmmakers, and intellectuals from or aligned with the Third World navigated the ideological and material constraints set by superpowers and emerging regional powers. Often these encounters generated communitas and solidarity, while at times they fed old and new conflicts. Pushing forward recent scholarship that tracks the Cold War in the Global South and draws on postcolonial approaches, our contributors use archival, secondary, and ethnographic sources to trace the afterlives and memories of key figures and to explore meetings that performed cultural diplomacy. Our focus on sites of encounter or exchange underscores the situated, interpersonal, and embodied dimensions through which much of the cultural Cold War was experienced. While the global conflict divided citizens along ideological fault lines, it also linked people through circulating media-novels, film, posters, journals, and theatre-and multinational conferences that brought artists, intellectuals, and political activists together. Such contacts introduced new axes of solidarity and hierarchies of exclusion. Examining these connections and disjunctures, this new and necessary mapping of the cultural Cold War highlights under-addressed locations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America"-- Provided by publisher The Cultural Cold War and the Global South Cover -1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 Figures 9 Table 11 Contributors 12 Acknowledgments 19 Introduction: The Cultural Cold War and the Global South: Sites of Contest and Communitas 20 The Global South and the Cold War 23 Culture: Conflict and Communitas 25 Sites and Archives: Methodological and Conceptual Approaches to the Global Cold War 27 Mapping the Sites: Literary Meetings, Art and Film Festivals, Print Culture Circuits, and Political Performances 30 Conclusion: What Was Not Destroyed but Does Not (Yet) Exist 37 Notes 39 References 41 Part I: Literary and Cultural Conferences and Meetings 46 1. Cultural Bandung or Writerly Cold War? Revisiting the 1956 Asian Writers' Conference from an India-China Perspective 48 Introduction 48 Cold War Politics at Play 50 China's Engagement in the AWC 54 To Know, to Feel, and to Learn: A Site of South-South Literary Exchanges 58 Conclusions 60 Notes 61 References 62 2. Mário Pinto de Andrade, the Cultural Congress of Havana, and the Role of Culture in the Global South 64 Negritude and Black Culture before 1968 65 The Cultural Congress of Havana and the Tricontinental Turn 70 Conclusions: Post-1968 Cultural Revolution and African Nationalism 75 Notes 77 References 78 3. The Limits of Global Solidarity: Reading the 1968 Cultural Congress of Havana through Andrew Salkey's Havana Journal 81 Setting the Scene 83 The Position of Black Americans at the CCH 85 Racial Equality in Revolutionary Cuba 89 Cuban Cultural Politics and the Limits of Solidarity 91 Notes 94 References 95 4. Sovereign Alliances: Reading the Romance between Cuba and the Anglophone Caribbean in the 1970s 97 The Cuban-Caribbean Rapprochement and the Performance of Regional Sovereignty 98 Reading Cuban Cultural Diplomacy: "Caliban" and Carifesta 101 The U.S. Invasion of Grenada and the Decline of Sovereign Imaginaries 106 Notes 108 References 109 5. "We Understand Each Other": Writers from Eastern Europe and the Global South at the International Writing Program (1970s) 111 The International Writing Program and the "Community of Imagination" 113 Reaching into Different Worlds: Global Encounters at the IWP 117 "Let Them Feel Superior": Hosts and Guests 119 Conclusion 124 Notes 124 References 125 Part II: Networks and Festivals of Visual Art and Cinema 128 6. Cinema in the Spirit of Bandung: The Afro-Asian Film Festival Circuit, 1957–1964 130 Between Bandung and the Cultural Cold War 131 Cinematic Sovereignty Across Ideological Lines 134 Contradictions and Legacies 138 Conclusion 142 Notes 143 References 144 7. From Dakar to Diaspora: The Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres as Nexus and Network 148 Toward a New Solidarity 149 African Rhythms: A Soviet Vision 153 The First World Festival of Negro Arts: An African-American Response 156 Legacies: The Voices of FESMAN 159 Notes 163 References 164 8. В Сенегале (In Senegal) and Ритмы Африки (African Rhythms): Soviet Documentaries on Senegal during the Cold War 166 In Senegal: Celebrating Independence, Advocating the Soviet Path 168 African Rhythms: Celebrating African Culture the Soviet Way 174 Notes 180 References 181 9. Ousmane Sembène's Borom Sarret and the Circulation of "Tractor Art": A Cold War Contestation of Soviet Machine Iconography 184 Dovzhenko's Montages of Tractor-Driven Progress 187 The Militaristic Tractor in Pyriev's Stalinist Musical Comedy 190 Contesting the Tractor's Reach: Sembène's Horse-Drawn Cart 192 Notes 197 References 199 10. Networks of South-South Solidarity and Cold War Argentine Filmmaking 201 Background 202 Constructing Political Realities 205 El Bonaerense and "terrible parallel realities" 208 The New Left and Activist Cinema 211 Conclusion 213 Notes 215 References 215 Part III: Literature and Print Culture Itineraries 218 11. War, Famine, and Newsprint: The Making of Soviet India, 1942-1945 220 A Time of War and Famine 221 Newsprint and Nation: The Making of 'Soviet India' 225 Two Fronts: The Bengal Famine and the Battle of Stalingrad 228 Conclusion: People's War and the Horizon of History 232 Notes 236 Works Cited 236 12. The Vatic Bargain: Solidarity and the Futures of the Philippine Cold War 239 From Bandung to Pan Am: Promises of Modernization 242 Philippine Nationalisms 245 Writing the Philippine Imaginary 247 Scripts for the Philippine Character 250 Conclusion: The Vatic Bargain, No Zero-Sum Game 253 Notes 254 References 254 13. Asia's Refugee City: Hong Kong in the Cold War 257 A Cold War Contact Zone 258 The Cultural Politics of Refugee Novels 261 Refugeetude in Cold War Hong Kong 263 Refugees as the Global South 266 Notes 267 References 268 14. Freedom and Development in the Cultural Cold War 271 Temporality and Development Discourse 273 A Slow Unfoldment 277 Conclusion 282 Notes 284 References 285 15. Raindrop on Dusty Ground: Nuruddin Farah, Somalia, and the Cold War 288 African Literature, the Cold War and Questions of Historiography 289 Story-Writing as History-Writing 291 Historiographic Interventions in Variations 296 Notes 302 References 302 Part IV: Spectacular Performances 304 16. Choreographing Ideology: On the Ballet Adaptation of Peter Abrahams' The Path of Thunder in the Soviet Union 306 Conditions of Wild Violence 308 Improper Company 311 Notes 314 References 316 17. "It's like inviting Pinochet to the Fourth of July": The Chilean Ship Esmeralda and Intersecting Spectacles in the Global Cold War 321 The Esmeralda and the Long Chilean Cold War 323 The Esmeralda's International Voyages 324 Intersecting Spectacles: The Esmeralda and the Cultural Cold War of the United States 327 Cutting Out the Dictator: The Pinochet Regime as an "Ugly Detail" 329 Conclusion 331 Note 333 References 333 18. Reenacting Bodily Archives of the Cold War in Lola Arias's Minefield 336 Embodying the Archive of the Cold War 339 Performing Shifts in Alliance of the Cold War 343 Notes 347 References 347 Afterword 350 1 350 2 351 3 352 4 353 5 354 6 355 7 358 Notes 359 References 359 Index 360 Soviet,India;,Soviet,Union;,Cultural,Congress,of,Havana;,Global,South;,Cold,War; Soviet India,Soviet Union,Cultural Congress of Havana,Global South,Cold War