The Crusades: A Reader, Second Edition (Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, 8)

Since The Publication Of The First Edition Of The Crusades: A Reader, Interest In The Crusades Has Increased Dramatically, Fueled In Part By Current Global Interactions Between The Muslim World And Western Nations. The Second Edition Features An Intriguing New Chapter On Perceptions Of The Crusades In The Modern Period, From David Hume And William Wordsworth To World War I Political Cartoons And Crusading Rhetoric Circulating After 9/11. Islamic Accounts Of The Treatment Of Prisoners Have Been Added, As Well As Sources Detailing The Homecoming Of Those Who Had Ventured To The Holy Land-including A Newly Translated Reading On A Woman Crusader, Margaret Of Beverly. The Book Contains Sixteen Images, Study Questions For Each Reading, And An Index. -- Provided By Publisher. I. Background And Origins. The Pilgrimage Of Etheria ; Augustine Of Hippo On The Just War ; The Qur'an ; Al-baladhuri On Early Muslim Conquests ; The Pact Of Omar ; Early Indulgences ; Ibnu Hayyan On Warfare In Spain ; The Song Of Roland ; Declaration Of The Truce Of God ; Matthew Of Edessa On The Seljuk Conquests ; Gregory Vii's Call For Assistance To The Greeks -- Ii. The First Crusade. Urban Ii's Call For A Crusade ; Albert Of Aachen On The Peasants' Crusade ; Solomon Bar Samson On The Massacres Of Jews ; Anna Comnena's Alexiad ; The Deeds Of The Franks ; Letter Of Stephen Of Blois ; Anselm Of Ribemont On Events At Antioch ; Ralph Of Caen On Divisions Among The Crusaders ; Raymond Of Aguilers On The Fall Of Jerusalem ; Letter Of Pope Paschal On The Capture Of Jerusalem ; 'ali Ibn Tahir Al-sulami's The Book Of The Jihad ; Abu L-muzaffar Al-abiwardi On The Fall Of Jerusalem -- Iii. The Crusader States. William Of Tyre's History ; Fulcher Of Chartres's History ; Venetian Treaty ; Laws Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem ; The Travels Of Saewulf ; John Of Würzburg's Pilgrim Guide ; The Travels Of Ibn Jubayr ; Memoirs Of Usamah Ibn Munqidh ; The Itinerary Of Benjamin Of Tudela -- Iv. The Second And Third Crusades. Ibn Al-qalanisi On Zengi And Nur Ad-din ; Ibn Al-athir On The Fall Of Edessa ; Letter Of Bernard Of Clairvaux ; Bernard Of Clairvaux : In Praise Of The New Knighthood ; The Rule Of The Templars ; Odo Of Deuil : The Journey Of Louis Vii To The East ; John Kinnamos : The Deeds Of John And Manuel Comnenus ; Analyses Of The Second Crusade ; Baha Ad-din's Life Of Saladin ; Imad Ad-din On The Battle Of Hattin ; Roger Of Wendover On The Fall Of Jerusalem ; Letters On The Fall Of Jerusalem ; Taxation And Regulations For The Third Crusade ; Islamic Accounts Of The Treatment Of Prisoners ; Accounts Of The Third Crusade. V. Setting Out And Returning Home. Gerald Of Wales On Preaching A Crusade ; Privileges And Indulgences ; Personal Arrangements ; Liturgy For Pilgrims And Crusaders ; Financial Accounts ; Travel Information ; Accounts Of Crusader Homecomings ; Thomas Of Froidmont : The Adventures Of Margaret Of Beverly, A Woman Crusader ; Crusading Songs -- Vi. The Age Of Innocent Iii. Letters Of Innocent Iii ; Accounts Of The Fourth Crusade ; Documents On The Sack Of Constantinople ; Bernard Of Gui's Manual For Inquisitors ; William Of Tudela's Song Of The Cathar Wars ; Accounts Of The Children's Crusade ; Decrees Of The Fourth Lateran Council ; Oliver Of Paderborn On The Fifth Crusade --^ ^^ Vii. Crusades Of The Holy Roman Empire. Charter To German Settlers ; Poem Describing Cistercian Settlement ; Proclamations Of Northern European Crusades ; Helmold's Chronicle Of The Slavs ; The Chronicle Of Henry Of Livonia ; The Rule Of The Teutonic Knights ; Nikolaus Von Jeroschin On The Prussian Crusades ; Philip Of Novara On Frederick Ii's Crusade ; Frederick Ii On His Taking Of Jerusalem And Sibt Ibn Al-jawzi's Recording Of The Event ; Responses To Frederick Ii's Crusade -- Viii. Conflict And Coexistence In Spain. Chronicle Of The Cid ; The Conquest Of Lisbon ; Alfonso Viii's Report On Las Navas De Tolosa ; Muslim-christian Treaty ; Moorish Laws ; Christian Laws ; Constitutions Of The Order Of Merced ; Expulsion Of The Jews From Spain ; Abu Abdilla Mohammed On The Expulsion Of The Muslims --^ ^^ Ix. Crusades At The Crossroads. Joinville's Life Of St. Louis ; Matthew Paris On The Shepherds' Crusade ; Ibn Al-athir On The Mongol Invasion ; Ibn 'abd Al-zahir's Biography Of Baybars ; Ludolph Von Suchem On The Fall Of Acre And Its Aftermath ; Humbert Of Romans On Criticisms Of Crusading ; Ramon Lull's Plan To Convert The Muslims ; Order For The Arrest Of The Templars And Papal Bull Suppressing The Templars ; John Mandeville On Prester John ; Letters Between Pope Innocent Iv And Guyuk Khan ; Johann Schiltberger On The Nicopolis Crusade ; Kritovoulos On The Fall Of Constantinople ; Pius Ii's Commentaries ; Erasmus On The War Against The Turks --^ ^^ X. Modern Perceptions Of The Crusades. David Hume On The Crusades ; Edward Gibbon's Evaluation Of The Crusades ; William Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Sonnets ; Michaud, History Of The Crusades ; William Hillary's Call For A New Crusade ; Sayyid 'ali Hariri's Book Of The Splendid Stories Of The Crusades ; World War I Political Cartoons ; Sayyid Qutb's Social Justice In Islam And Muhammad Asad's Islam At The Crossroads ; The Hamas Covenant ; Pope John Paul Ii's Statements About Past Christian Actions ; Crusading Rhetoric After 9/11 ; Modern Use Of Images Of Saladin ; Umej Bhatia's Analysis Of The Crusades And Modern Muslim Memory. Edited By By S.j. Allen And Emilie Amt. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 427-431) And Index. Cover 1 CONTENTS 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 13 INTRODUCTION 16 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND ORIGINS 24 1 The Pilgrimage of Etheria 25 2 Augustine of Hippo on the Just War 28 3 The Qur’an 31 4 al-Baladhuri on Early Muslim Conquests 35 5 The Pact of Omar 38 6 Early Indulgences 40 7 Ibnu Hayyan on Warfare in Spain 41 8 The Song of Roland 45 9 Declaration of the Truce of God 47 10 Matthew of Edessa on the Seljuk Conquests 51 11 Gregory VII’s Call for Assistance to the Greeks 54 CHAPTER TWO: THE FIRST CRUSADE 56 12 Urban II’s Call for a Crusade 57 13 Albert of Aachen on the Peasants’ Crusade 65 14 Solomon bar Samson on the Massacres of Jews 71 15 Anna Comnena’s Alexiad 74 16 The Deeds of the Franks 79 17 Letter of Stephen of Blois 81 18 Anselm of Ribemont on Events at Antioch 84 19 Ralph of Caen on Divisions among the Crusaders 86 20 Raymond of Aguilers on the Fall of Jerusalem 90 21 Letter of Pope Paschal on the Capture of Jerusalem 95 22 ‘Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami’s The Book of the Jihad 95 23 Abu l-Muzaffar al-Abiwardi on the Fall of Jerusalem 101 CHAPTER THREE: THE CRUSADER STATES 104 24 William of Tyre’s History 105 25 Fulcher of Chartres’s History 108 26 Venetian Treaty 112 27 Laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 114 28 The Travels of Saewulf 120 29 John of Würzburg’s Pilgrim Guide 123 30 The Travels of Ibn Jubayr 127 31 Memoirs of Usamah Ibn Munqidh 130 32 The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela 134 CHAPTER FOUR: THE SECOND AND THIRD CRUSADES 140 33 Ibn al-Qalanisi on Zengi and Nur ad-Din 141 34 Ibn al-Athir on the Fall of Edessa 147 35 Letter of Bernard of Clairvaux 148 36 Bernard of Clairvaux: In Praise of the New Knighthood 151 37 The Rule of the Templars 155 38 Odo of Deuil: The Journey of Louis VII to the East 158 39 John Kinnamos: The Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus 163 40 Analyses of the Second Crusade 165 41 Baha ad-Din’s Life of Saladin 167 42 Imad ad-Din on the Battle of Hattin 173 43 Roger of Wendover on the Fall of Jerusalem 178 44 Letters on the Fall of Jerusalem 180 45 Taxation and Regulations for the Third Crusade 185 46 Islamic Accounts of the Treatment of Prisoners 188 47 Accounts of the Third Crusade 192 CHAPTER FIVE: SETTING OUT AND RETURNING HOME 202 48 Gerald of Wales on Preaching a Crusade 203 49 Privileges and Indulgences 205 50 Personal Arrangements 211 51 Liturgy for Pilgrims and Crusaders 214 52 Financial Accounts 217 53 Travel Information 221 54 Accounts of Crusader Homecomings 222 55 Thomas of Froidmont: The Adventures of Margaret of Beverly, a Woman Crusader 226 56 Crusading Songs 232 CHAPTER SIX: THE AGE OF INNOCENT III 238 57 Letters of Innocent III 239 58 Accounts of the Fourth Crusade 243 59 Documents on the Sack of Constantinople 251 60 Bernard of Gui’s Manual for Inquisitors 257 61 William of Tudela’s Song of the Cathar Wars 262 62 Accounts of the Children’s Crusade 264 63 Decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council 267 64 Oliver of Paderborn on the Fifth Crusade 272 CHAPTER SEVEN: CRUSADES OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE 278 65 Charter to German Settlers 279 66 Poem Describing Cistercian Settlement 280 67 Proclamations of Northern European Crusades 281 68 Helmold’s Chronicle of the Slavs 284 69 The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia 286 70 The Rule of the Teutonic Knights 290 71 Nikolaus von Jeroschin on the Prussian Crusades 293 72 Philip of Novara on Frederick II’s Crusade 298 73 Frederick II on His Taking of Jerusalem and Sibt ibn al-Jawzi’s Recording of the Event 300 74 Responses to Frederick II’s Crusade 304 CHAPTER EIGHT: CONFLICT AND COEXISTENCE IN SPAIN 310 75 Chronicle of the Cid 311 76 The Conquest of Lisbon 315 77 Alfonso VIII’s Report on Las Navas de Tolosa 319 78 Muslim–Christian Treaty 324 79 Moorish Laws 326 80 Christian Laws 329 81 Constitutions of the Order of Merced 336 82 Expulsion of the Jews from Spain 341 83 Abu Abdilla Mohammed on the Expulsion of the Muslims 344 CHAPTER NINE: CRUSADES AT THE CROSSROADS 350 84 Joinville’s Life of St. Louis 351 85 Matthew Paris on the Shepherds’ Crusade 355 86 Ibn al-Athir on the Mongol Invasion 360 87 Ibn ‘Abd al-Zahir’s Biography of Baybars 363 88 Ludolph von Suchem on the Fall of Acre and Its Aftermath 367 89 Humbert of Romans on Criticisms of Crusading 374 90 Ramon Lull’s Plan to Convert the Muslims 376 91 Order for the Arrest of the Templars and Papal Bull Suppressing the Templars 380 92 John Mandeville on Prester John 387 93 Letters between Pope Innocent IV and Guyuk Khan 389 94 Johann Schiltberger on the Nicopolis Crusade 393 95 Kritovoulos on the Fall of Constantinople 395 96 Pius II’s Commentaries 400 97 Erasmus On the War against the Turks 403 CHAPTER TEN: MODERN PERCEPTIONS OF THE CRUSADES 410 98 David Hume on the Crusades 411 99 Edward Gibbon’s Evaluation of the Crusades 415 100 William Wordsworth’s Ecclesiastical Sonnets 418 101 Michaud, History of the Crusades 421 102 William Hillary’s Call for a New Crusade 422 103 Sayyid ‘Ali Hariri’s Book of the Splendid Stories of the Crusades 426 104 World War I Political Cartoons 427 105 Sayyid Qutb’s Social Justice in Islam and Muhammad Asad’s Islam at the Crossroads 430 106 The Hamas Covenant 433 107 Pope John Paul II’s Statements about Past Christian Actions 434 108 Crusading Rhetoric after 9/11 438 109 Modern Use of Images of Saladin 441 110 Umej Bhatia’s Analysis of the Crusades and Modern Muslim Memory 445 SOURCES 450 INDEX OF TOPICS 456