The Crucible of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare and European Transitions to Modern Economic Growth

This book is an collaborative endeavour by senior scholars in European economic history to answer the question of what might be concluded about the nature and significance of economic connections between the long run growth of national economies and their participation in an interlude of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare? Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Contents Maps, Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Preface Chapter 1 Exploring Connections between the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, State Formation and the Growth of European Economies References Chapter 2 Britain’s Wars with France 1793–1815 and Their Contribution to the Consolidation of Its Industrial Revolution 1 Mercantilist Warfare and the Rise of the British Economy 2 Fiscal and Financial Costs of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 3 Labour 1793–1815 4 Capital Formation 1793–1815 5 Agricultural Expansion before, during and after the Wars: 1793–1846 6 Industrial Production and Technological Innovation before, during and after the Wars: 1763–1846 7 Geopolitical and Economic Outcomes from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars References Chapter 3 In the Epicentre of the Storm?: The Effects of the Revolution and Warfare on the French Economy, 1789–1815 1 Institutions 1.1 Disappointing Reforms? 1.2 The Central State 1.3 The Rise of Rural France 2 Structural Change 2.1 Agriculture 2.2 International Trade 2.3 Industry 3 Macroeconomic Trends 4 Conclusion References Chapter 4 War, State Growth, and Germany’s Transition to Post-Malthusian Growth 1 Introduction 2 War and Political Change in the German Lands, 1792–1815 3 The Economic Dimension of the War Effort 4 Economic Consequences of War in the Short Run 5 Long-Term Consequences 5.1 Overview 5.2 Post-War Reconstruction and Climate 5.3 The Continental Blockade (1806–1813) and the Infant Industry Argument 5.4 The Olsonian View in the Narrow Sense: Welfare Effects of French Rule 5.5 The Olsonian View as Defensive Modernization 5.6 Effects of State Size, Increased State Autonomy and Growth in State Capacity 6 Conclusion References Chapter 5 Revolutionary Wars and Economic Change in the New State of the Netherlands, 1795–1815 1 From Federal Republic to Unified State 2 Land and Population: Losses, Gains and De-Urbanisation 3 Trouble in Trade and Finances 4 Challenges in Other Sectors 5 Financial Burdens and Centralisation 6 The Failed Restoration of State Finances and Unsuccessful Unification 7 Failed Mercantilism 8 Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 6 Napoleon in Italy: A Legacy of Institutional Reform? 1 Introduction 2 Economic Performance under Napoleon 3 Short-Run Costs and Benefits of Napoleonic Rule 3.1 Costs 3.1.1 Conscription 3.1.2 Taxation 3.1.3 Trade 3.2 Benefits 3.3 Section Summary 4 Institutional Reforms 5 Napoleon’s Legacy 5.1 Economy 5.2 Institutions 6 Conclusions References Chapter 7 The Napoleonic Wars: A Watershed in Spanish History 1 Introduction 2 The Short-Run Impact 2.1 Population 2.2 Agriculture 2.3 Industry 2.4 Trade 2.5 Finance 2.6 Summing Up 3 The Liberal Revolution 4 The Long-Run Impact 4.1 Were the Napoleonic Wars a Watershed? 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 8 Portugal’s French Wars: Cost, Loss, Missed Opportunities? 1793–1850 1 Introduction 2 The Napoleonic Invasions 3 The Cost of War 4 Defraying the Cost: A Financial Crisis? 5 The Economic Impact of War 5.1 Population 5.2 Agriculture 5.3 Industry 5.4 Transport and Trade 6 Conclusions 6.1 Portugal’s Total War Damage 6.2 A Missed Opportunity, 1815–1825? 6.3 The Great Fracture, 1826–1850 References Chapter 9 The Long-Term Effects of the French and Napoleonic Wars on the Global Economy 1 Geo-Political Context 1.1 Political Changes 1.2 End of the East India Companies 1.3 Naval Power 2 Shipping 3 Intercontinental Trade 3.1 General Structure 3.2 Major Commodities 3.2.1 Sugar 3.2.2 Tea 3.2.3 Cotton 3.2.4 Timber 3.2.5 Indigo 3.3 Commodity Trade: Some General Considerations 3.4 Entrepot Trade 4 Prices 4.1 Effects on Relative Prices in Europe 4.2 Effects on Prices in Europe Relative to Asia 5 Intercontinental Movements of Labour 6 Intercontinental Movements of Capital 7 Concluding Remarks References Index Historiographically this book rests on the fact that European transitions to modern economic growth were obstructed and promoted by the Revolution in France and 15 years of geopolitical conflict sustained by Napoleon in order to establish French Hegemony over the states and economies of Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal and overseas commerce.00The chapters reveal that their authors concerns to analyse both the nature and significance of connections between geopolitical and economic forces lend coherence to a collaborative endeavour utilising comparative methods to address a mega question. What might be plausibly concluded about the economic costs and the benefits of this protracted conjuncture of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare?00Contributors are: Patrick Karl O?Brien, Loïc Charles, Guillaume Daudin, Silvia Marzagalli, Marjolein ?t Hart, Johan Joor, Mark Dincecco, Giovanni Federico, Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Carlos Santiago-Caballero, Cristina Moreira, Jaime Reis, Rita Martins de Sousa, and Peter M.Solar Historiographically this book rests on the fact that European transitions to modern economic growth were obstructed and promoted by the Revolution in France and 15 years of geopolitical conflict sustained by Napoleon in order to establish French Hegemony over the states and economies of Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal and overseas commerce. The chapters reveal that their authors concerns to analyse both the nature and significance of connections between geopolitical and economic forces lend coherence to a collaborative endeavour utilising comparative methods to address a mega question. What might be plausibly concluded about the economic costs and the benefits of this protracted conjuncture of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare? Contributors are: Patrick Karl O'Brien, Loïc Charles, Guillaume Daudin, Silvia Marzagalli, Marjolein 't Hart, Johan Joor, Mark Dincecco, Giovanni Federico, Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Carlos Santiago-Caballero, Cristina Moreira, Jaime Reis, Rita Martins de Sousa, and Peter M.Solar "Historiographically, this book rests on the fact that European transitions to modern economic growth were obstructed and promoted by the Revolution in France and 15 years of geopolitical conflict sustained by Napoleon in order to establish French Hegemony over the states and economies of Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and overseas commerce. The chapters reveal that the nature and significance of connections between geopolitical and economic forces lend coherence to a collaborative endeavour utilising comparative methods to address a mega question: What might be plausibly concluded about the economic costs and the benefits of this protracted conjuncture of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare?"-- Provided by publisher