˜Theœ Crucial Role of Mindsets in Innovation Efforts Opening the Black Box in the Context of Frugal Innovation

Innovation research has investigated the relevance of innovations for organizational competitiveness and the role of innovations for social as well as economic welfare. Accordingly, scholars and practitioners frequently emphasize the innovation processes that lead to desired innovative outcomes. Nevertheless, these innovation processes have to be carried out by motivated individuals. Increasingly, academic literature takes the mindsets of these actors into consideration. However, diverging conceptualizations limit our understanding of the term "mindset" and the role of individuals’ mindsets in organizational innovation efforts. This book aims at opening the “black box” of innovation as a mindset. Linking mindset theories from social psychology to the context of frugal innovation, the author provides rigorous conceptual work on mindsets in innovation. This conceptual research is supported by findings from two empirical studies. This book makes important contributions to theory and practice: to academic research by developing conceptual clarity on understanding innovation as a mindset and providing supportive empirical evidence, and to innovation practice by showing how a detailed understanding of individuals’ mindsets can inform evidence-based change interventions. Foreword Acknowledgements Contents Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Motivation and Objective 1.2 Research Approach and Contribution 1.3 Structure of the Dissertation 2 Conceptual and Theoretical Foundation 2.1 Mindsets—Mapping the Field 2.1.1 Mindsets in Social Psychology 2.1.2 Mindsets in Educational Psychology 2.1.3 Mindsets in Organizational Leadership 2.1.4 Mindsets in Entrepreneurship 2.1.5 Mindsets in Innovation Management 2.1.6 A Taxonomy of Mindsets 2.1.7 Innovative Behavior and Innovation Promoters 2.2 Theory of Planned Behavior 2.2.1 The Link of Mindset and Intention Research 2.2.2 Attitudes 2.2.3 Subjective Norms 2.2.4 Perceived Behavioral Control 2.2.5 Background Factors 2.2.6 Intention 2.2.7 Behavior 2.3 Frugal Innovation 2.3.1 Innovation for the Bottom of the Economic Pyramid 2.3.2 Innovation for the Global Middle Class 2.3.3 Frugal Innovation—Outcome, Process, and Mindset 2.3.4 The Frugal Mindset—A Systematic Literature Review 2.4 Research Gap and Research Questions 2.5 Overall Research Approach 2.6 Chapter Summary 3 Action Research Study 3.1 Methodology and Data Collection 3.2 Project Context and Results 3.2.1 Pre-step—Project Context and Purpose 3.2.2 Project Stakeholders 3.2.3 Project Activities 3.3 Discussion and Reflection of the Action Research Project 3.3.1 Engagement in and Support of the Innovation Process 3.3.2 Mindsets in the Innovation Process 3.4 Chapter Summary 4 Main Study Path Model 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Research Process 4.3 Specifying Structural Model and Hypotheses 4.4 Measurement Model Development 4.4.1 Conceptualization of Scale 4.4.2 Specifying the Measurement Model 4.4.3 Item Generation 4.5 Model Refinement 4.5.1 Pilot Study 1 4.5.2 Pilot Study 2 4.6 Final Items 4.7 Final Structural Model 4.8 Chapter Summary 5 Main Study Findings 5.1 Data Collection and Examination 5.1.1 Selection of Companies and Participants 5.1.2 Data Collection 5.1.3 Data Examination 5.1.4 Data Distribution 5.1.5 Bias Treatment 5.2 Main Study Results 5.2.1 Sample Characteristics and Descriptive Results 5.2.2 PLS-SEM Path Model Estimation 5.3 Chapter Summary 6 Discussion 6.1 The Crucial Role of Mindsets in the Organizational Innovation Process 6.2 Mindsets—Adaptive, Process-Wise Developing Phenomena 6.3 Desirability and Feasibility Elaboration for Frugal Innovation Projects 6.4 A Call for Longitudinal Research on Understanding Innovation as a Mindset 7 Conclusion 7.1 Contribution to Theory 7.1.1 Contribution to Frugal Innovation and Individual-Level Path Research 7.1.2 Contribution to Innovation Management Research 7.1.3 Contribution to Mindset and Intention Research 7.2 Managerial Implications 7.3 Limitations and Future Research References