The Computerized Greenhouse : Automatic Control Application in Plant Production

The aim of this book is to open up research areas in automatic control engineering for crop production systems in horticulture and agriculture, and to explain the principle ideas of advanced automatic control in plant production. The text includes detailed discussions of: - Fundamental systems engineering concepts - Modeling - Control for agricultural systems - Optimal control and its applications - Artificial intelligence for agricultural applications Front Cover......Page 1 The Computerized Greenhouse: Automatic Control Application in Plant Production......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Section 1: System, Modelling, Identification and Control......Page 12 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 14 2. TF MODELS IN THE z-1 AND δ OPERATORS......Page 17 3. MODEL IDENTIFICATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION......Page 19 4. PIP CONTROL DESIGN FOR THE z-1 OPERATOR MODEL......Page 25 5. PIP CONTROL DESIGN FOR THE δ OPERATOR MODEL......Page 30 6. THE TDC COMPUTER AIDED CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN (CACSD) PACKAGE......Page 32 7. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GLASSHOUSE HORTICULTURE......Page 35 8. CONCLUSIONS......Page 56 REFERENCES......Page 57 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 62 II. GENERAL ASPECTS......Page 64 III. PHYSICAL PROCESSES......Page 65 IV. DYNAMIC MODEL......Page 78 REFERENCES......Page 82 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 86 II. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR BIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS......Page 87 III. MODEL BASED PREDICTIVE CONTROL......Page 90 IV. INFORMATION CONTENT OF MEASUREMENTS......Page 91 V. APPLICATION TO A BIOTECHNICAL PROCESS IN A TOWER REACTOR......Page 94 REFERENCE......Page 103 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 106 II. SIGNIFICANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE......Page 107 III. SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF THE IN VITRO ENVIRONMENT......Page 109 IV. PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANTLET IN VITRO......Page 118 V. ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC MICROPROPAGATION OVER CONVENTIONAL MICROPROPAGATION METHOD......Page 122 REFERENCES......Page 123 Section 2: Optimal Control......Page 128 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 130 II. OPTIMAL CONTROL, AN ANALYSIS......Page 132 III. OPTIMAL CONTROL, A SYNTHESIS......Page 137 IV. CONCLUSIONS......Page 145 REFERENCES......Page 146 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 150 II. CONCEPTION OF PRODUCTION CONTROL......Page 151 III. CONTROL OF PLANT PRODUCTION......Page 154 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL......Page 157 V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 159 REFERENCES......Page 160 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 164 II. METHODS......Page 166 III. RESULTS......Page 168 IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 179 REFERENCES......Page 182 NOTATION......Page 183 Section 3: Computer Applications and Artificial Intelligence......Page 184 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 186 II. PROCESS CONTROL FOR GREENHOUSE AND PLANT FACTORY......Page 188 III. CONTROL FOR MECHANIZATION......Page 189 IV. OPTIMIZATION BASED ON PLANT RESPONSES [SPEAKING PLANT APPROACH TO CULTIVATING PROCESS CONTROL]......Page 190 V. COMPUTER SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CONTROL, HORTICULTURAL OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT......Page 198 VI. COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEM......Page 199 REFERENCES......Page 202 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 208 II. GREENHOUSE DECISION AND COMPUTING FRAMEWORKS......Page 210 III. BASIC KNOWLEDGE INVOLVED IN THE DETERMINATION OF CLIMATIC SETPOINTS......Page 211 IV. THE SERRISTE SYSTEM......Page 217 V. DISCUSSION......Page 230 REFERENCES......Page 234 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 236 II. IMAGE ANALYSIS......Page 237 III. CROP MODELS AND OPTIMISATION......Page 240 IV. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON FARMS......Page 243 V. CONCLUSION......Page 248 REFERENCES......Page 249 Section 4: Relating Plant Sciences......Page 252 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 254 II. SIGNALING AND ITS RECEPTION......Page 255 III. CHEMICAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNALS......Page 263 IV. REGURATION......Page 266 V. GENETIC REGULATION......Page 269 VI. CONCLUSIONS......Page 272 REFERENCES......Page 273 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 278 II. PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WATER MOVEMENT THROUGH THE PLANT......Page 279 III. WATER MOVEMENT THROUGH STOMATA......Page 282 IV. GROWTH–INDUCED WATER POTENTIALS......Page 296 V. ORIGIN OF GROWTH–INDUCED WATER POTENTIALS......Page 299 VI. GROWTH REGULATION UNDER WATER STRESS......Page 302 REFERENCES......Page 307 I. INTRODUCTION......Page 314 II. GROWTH INHIBITION AND WATER STATUS......Page 315 III. THEORY OF PLANT GROWTH......Page 317 IV. GROWTH–INDUCED WATER POTENTIAL FIELDS......Page 320 V. PRACTICAL ESTIMATION OF THE GROWTH–INDUCED WATER POTENTIAL FIELD......Page 322 VI. CELL WALL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH......Page 324 VII. MEASUREMENTS OF CELL WALL PROPERTIES......Page 328 VIII. GROWTH REGULATION UNDER SALT STRESS, COLD STRESS AND HEAT STRESS......Page 333 IX. DISCUSSION......Page 336 X. CONCLUSION......Page 339 REFERENCES......Page 340 INDEX......Page 344 The aim of this book is to open up research areas in automatic control engineering for crop production systems in horticulture and agriculture, and to explain the ideas of automatic control in plant production. Detailed discussions of modelling and artificial intelligence are included.