The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast (The Columbia Guides to American Indian History and Culture)

An overview of the cultures and histories of Northeastern Indian people that surveys the key scholarly debates that shape this field and offers an alphabetical listing of important individuals and places of significant cultural or historic meaning. Descriptions of Indian peoples of the Northeast date to the Norse sagas, centuries before permanent European settlement, and the region has been the setting for a long history of contact, conflict, and accommodation between natives and newcomers. The focus of an extraordinarily vital field of scholarship, the Northeast is important both historically and theoretically: patterns of Indian-white relations that developed there would be replicated time and again over the course of American history. Today the Northeast remains the locus of cultural negotiation and controversy, with such subjects as federal recognition, gaming, land claims, and repatriation programs giving rise to debates directly informed by archeological and historical research of the region. __The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Northeast__ is a concise and authoritative reference resource to the history and culture of the varied indigenous peoples of the region. Encompassing the very latest scholarship, this multifaceted volume is divided into four parts. Part I presents an overview of the cultures and histories of Northeastern Indian people and surveys the key scholarly questions and debates that shape this field. Part II serves as an encyclopedia, alphabetically listing important individuals and places of significant cultural or historic meaning. Part III is a chronology of the major events in the history of American Indians in the Northeast. The expertly selected resources in Part IV include annotated lists of tribes, bibliographies, museums and sites, published sources, Internet sites, and films that can be easily accessed by those wishing to learn more. Contents Acknowledgments Introduction PART I The Northeast: An Overview 1 Overview of the Northeast Culture Area The Region Defined Northeastern Peoples Before Columbus Peoples and Cultures of the Northeast: An Overview 2 The Northeast During the Period of European Exploration and Colonization Initial Contact, Exploration, and Trade 3 The Expanding Frontier Behind the Frontier 4 The Northeast: 1850 to the Present Guardians, Overseers, and Indian Agents Labor Specializations in the Northeast Consolidation of the Upper Great Lakes Cultural Pattern Enfranchisement and Termination Boarding Schools Pan-Indianism Urban Indians Political Activism and Radical Politics, 1950 to the Present Land Claims and Federal Recognition Gaming Language and Cultural Revival Conclusions: The Northeast Culture Area Today References for Part I PART II People, Places, and Events in Northeast Native History PART III Historical TImeline for the Northeast PART IV Resource Guide to Research and Theory Introduction 1. Indian Tribes 2. Primary Sources and the Northeast Archaeology, the Adoption of Agriculture, and the Rise of Complex Chiefdoms and Social Inequality in the Northeast Physical Anthropology First Impressions: Early Contact Period Documents Captivity Narratives Ethnography Language, Language Contact, and Early Linguistic Studies Descriptions of Native Languages Pidgins, Jargons, and Creoles Language Loss 3. Current Issues in Northeast Research Early Encounters: The Impact of Colonization 4. Spirituality and Worldview Traditional Spirituality Changing Native American Religions 5. Politics and Economy Economy and Subsistence, Then and Now Warfare, Diplomacy, and Frontier Studies Iroquois Politics, the League, and the Origins of the Constitution The Middle Ground 6. Women in Native America 7. Ecological Indians? 8. Racial Politics 9. Land Claims, Resistance, Sovereignty, and Federal Recognition 11. Native American Graves Protection Act (NAGPRA) 12. Postmodern Critique and Cultural Studies 13. Cultural Renaissance Language Revitalization The Arts 14. Telling Their Own Story Biographies and Autobiographies 15. General Works Encyclopedias, Compendia, Dictionaries 16. Film 17. Museums and the Northeast 18. Electronic Resources Conclusion Index Part I presents an overview of the cultures and histories of Northeastern Indian people and surveys the key scholarly questions and debates informing this field; part II functions as an encyclopedia, alphabetically listing important individuals, places of significant cultural or historical interest, major treaties negotiated by Southeastern Indians and federal Indian policies, and legislative acts that have affected their lives; part III is a chronology of the major events in the history of American Indians in the Northeast; part IV includes annotated lists of tribes, bibliographies, museums and sites, published sources, Internet sites, and films Covers peoples: Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Erie, Fox, Huron, Illinois, Iroquois, Kickapoo, Mahican, Maliseet, Mascouten, Massachuset, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mohawk, Mohegan, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Neutral Nation, Nipissing, Nipmuc, Nottaway, Ojibwa, Onondaga, Oneida, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Pawtucket, Pennacook, Penobscot, Pequot, Petun, Pokanoket, Potawatomi, Sauk, Seneca, Shawnee, Susquehannock, Tuscarora, Wenro, Winnebago, and Wyandot Overview of the histories, cultures, and contemporary issues facing the region's Native peoples. Includes bibliographies of the most important sources and contact information for Native communities and organizations Chapter 1 summarizes the geographical extent of the Northeast culture area, its present and historic native populations, and the cultural adaptations of the native peoples of the region.