The Colonial Machine English; French: French Science and Overseas Expansion in the Old Regime

The rise of modern science and European colonial and imperial expansion are indisputably two defining elements of modern world history. James E. McClellan III and Francois Regourd explore these two world-historical forces and their interactions in this comprehensive and in-depth history of the French case in the Old Regime presented here for the first time. The case is key because no other state matched Old-Regime France as a center for organized science and because contemporary France closely rivaled Britain as a colonial power, as well as leading all other nations in commodity production and participating in the slave trade. Based on extensive archival research and vast primary and secondary literatures and sharply reframing the historiography of the field, this landmark volume traces the development and significance for early-modern history of the Colonial Machine of Old-Regime France, an unparalleled agglomeration of institutions geared to the success of the French colonial enterprise, including the Royal Navy, the Academie Royale des Sciences, the Jardin du Roi, and a host of related specialist institutions working together at home and overseas. Mainly supported by the French state, the Colonial Machine reveals itself through its actions from the time of Colbert and Louis XIV as it grappled with fundamental problems facing contemporary European colonialism: cartography and navigation; medical care of sailors, colonists, and slaves; and applied botany and commodity production. Historians of globalization and European overseas expansion, of Old-Regime France, and of science in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries will henceforth take this stimulating volume as a necessary starting point for further reflection and research. Nominated for the Mary Alice and Philip Boucher Book Prize. The rise of modern science and European colonial and imperial expansion are indisputably two defining elements of modern world history. James E. McClellan III and François Regourd explore these two world-historical forces and their interactions in this comprehensive and in-depth history of the French case in the Old Regime presented here for the first time. The case is key because no other state matched Old-Regime France as a center for organized science and because contemporary France closely rivaled Britain as a colonial power, as well as leading all other nations in commodity production and participating in the slave trade.Based on extensive archival research and vast primary and secondary literatures and sharply reframing the historiography of the field, this landmark volume traces the development and significance for early-modern history of the Colonial Machine of Old-Regime France, an unparalleled agglomeration of institutions geared to the success of the French colonial enterprise, including the Royal Navy, the Académie Royale des Sciences, the Jardin du Roi, and a host of related specialist institutions working together at home and overseas. Mainly supported by the French state, the Colonial Machine reveals itself through its actions from the time of Colbert and Louis XIV as it grappled with fundamental problems facing contemporary European colonialism: cartography and navigation; medical care of sailors, colonists, and slaves; and applied botany and commodity production.Historians of globalization and European overseas expansion, of Old-Regime France, and of science in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries will henceforth take this stimulating volume as a necessary starting point for further reflection and research Some of the contents: Introduction: The big-picture background to this study / Historiographical background / Metaphors and reality / Utility as the driving force / Expertise, careers, and Wanderlust / Concluding introductory remarks; Prologue / The colonial machine, 1789; Part I - The metropolitan wheels & gears of a colonial scientific bureaucracy: The sponsoring authorities / the royal navy-la marine royale / the Académie royal des sciences / The jardin du roi and metropolitian botanical gardens / The observatoire royal / The Académie royale de marine at Brest / The société royale de médecine / The Académie royale de chirurgie Some of the contents: Introduction: The big-picture background to this study / Historiographical background / Metaphors and reality / Utility as the driving force / Expertise, careers, and Wanderlust / Concluding introductory remarks; Prologue / The colonial machine, 1789; Part I - The metropolitan wheels & gears of a colonial scientific bureaucracy: The sponsoring authorities / the royal navy-la marine royale / the Académie royal des sciences / The jardin du roi and metropolitian botancial gardens / The observatoire royal / The Académie royale de marine at Brest / The société royale de médecine / The Académie royale de chirurgie