The Collected Works of C.G. Jung: Volume 4: Freud and Psychoanalysis

Abstracts of the Collected Works of C.G. Jung Volume IV: Freud and Psychoanalysis List of Contents (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n54) 000054 Freud's theory of hysteria: A reply to Aschaffenburg. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 3-9). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n55) 000055 The Freudian theory of hysteria. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 10-24). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n56) 000056 The analysis of dreams. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (P. 25-34). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n57) 000057 A contribution to the psychology of rumour. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 35-47). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n58) 000058 On the significance of number dreams. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 48-55). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n59) 000059 Morton Prince's "The mechanism and interpretation of dreams": a critical review. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 56-73). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n60) 000060 On the criticism of psychoanalysis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p.74-77). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n61) 000061 Concerning psychoanalysis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 78-81). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n62) 000062 The theory of psychoanalysis. Foreword. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 83-87). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n63) 000063 The theory of psychoanalysis. 1. A review of the early hypotheses. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 88-101). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n64) 000064 The theory of psychoanalysis. 2. The theory of infantile sexuality. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 102-110). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n65) 000065 The theory of psychoanalysis 3. The concept of libido. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 111-128). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n66) 000066 The theory of psychoanalysis. 4. Neurosis and aetiological factors in childhood. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 129-138). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n67) 000067 The theory of psychoanalysis. 5. The fantasies of the unconscious. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 139-150). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n68) 000068 The theory of psychoanalysis. 6. The Oedipus complex. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol.4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 151-156). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n69) 000069 The theory of psychoanalysis. 7. The aetiology of neurosis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 157-180). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n70) 000070 The theory of psychoanalysis. 8. Therapeutic principles of psychoanalysis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 181-204). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n71) 000071 The theory of psychoanalysis. 9. A case of neurosis in a child. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 204-226). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n72) 000072 General aspects of psychoanalysis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 229-242). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n73) 000073 Psychoanalysis and neurosis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 243-251). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n74) 000074 Some crucial points in psychoanalysis: A correspondence between Dr. Jung and Dr. Loy. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 252-289). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n75) 000075 Prefaces to "Collected papers on analytical psychology." In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 290-297). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n76) 000076 The significance of the father in the destiny of the individual. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 301-323). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n77) 000077 Introduction to Kranefeldt's "secret ways of the mind." In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 324-332). (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#n78) 000078 Freud and Jung: Contrasts. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 333-340). 000054 Freud's theory of hysteria: A reply to Aschaffenburg. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 3-9). Freud's theory of hysteria is defended against Aschaffenburg's criticism of the role assigned to sexuality in the formation of the psychoneuroses. This criticism is directed specifically at Freud's psychology of sexuality, the determinants of hysterical symptoms, and the early methods of his psychoanalysis. Aschaffenburg accepts the view, now generally supported, that hysteria is a psychogenic illness; that surely an essential component of the psyche is sexuality. Aschaffenburg's claims that there are entirely traumatic hysterias prove only that not all cases of hysteria have sexual roots. His point is not valid unless it is demonstrated by the psychoanalytic method. He asserts that this method is autosuggestion on the part of both doctor and patient, but again there is no proof. The association experiments, which uphold the results of psychoanalysis, have nothing to do with autosuggestion, and can be repeated by anyone Aschaffenburg considers exploration of the patient for sexual ideas immoral in many cases. The decision on the use of sexual enlightenment in treatment can be made only on the basis of whether it harms or helps the individual, not on the basis of "higher" considerations. It is concluded that Freud's theory of hysteria has not yet been proved erroneous; that such proof could be supplied only by psychoanalysis; that psychoanalysis has not produced results other than Freud's; and that psychoanalysis itself has not been discredited. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000055 The Freudian theory of hysteria. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 10-24). The development of Freud's theoretical formulations on hysteria is traced. They are defined as working hypotheses that agree with his experience, rather than a formal theory. By 1895 Freud and Breuer had concluded that psychogenic symptoms arise from feeling toned complexes of ideas that have a traumatic effect by conversion into abnormal somatic innervations (classical hysteria) or by displacement to a less significant complex (obsessional neurosis). The traumatic affect is not abreacted as in a normal person because it is incompatible with the consciousness and is repressed. The following year, the results of 13 analyses led Freud to announce that the etiology of hysteria is found in sexual traumas of early childhood. After extensive research into general sexual psychology and dream psychology, and refinement of his psychoanalytic techniques, his present views have been formulated: a. Certain perverse infantile sexual activities, which do not lead at first to symptoms of hysteria, are retained. b. At puberty, the fantasies tend in the direction of the infantile sexual activity, leading to complexes of ideas that are incompatible with the consciousness and are repressed. c. With the transfer of the libido to a love object, the struggle of the libido against the repression causes the outbreak of actual illness. It is not known whether Freud's schema can be applied to all forms of hysteria, but his findings are true of a large number of cases. Further investigation is recommended. 3 references. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000056 The analysis of dreams. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (P. 25-34). In a discussion of Freud's work on the analysis of dreams, the dream is defined as a product of psychic activity susceptible to analysis. It is far from meaningless or a result of somatic sensation. Freud calls the confused images typical of dreams the manifest content; behind this is the essential latent content. In a dream, he asks why this particular person dreams this particular thing, since the dream is individual an in agreement with the psychological disposition of the subject. Gretchen's song in ``Faust,'' telling of a faithful king, clearly reflects her concern with Faust's fidelity. Freud says every dream represents the fulfillment of a repressed wish. In Gretchen's song, the pain of dwelling on the real characters -- herself and Faust -- is too strong to be openly admitted. Similarly, wishes that form the dream thought are desires repressed because of their painful character. The mechanism that prevents the repressed thought from showing itself clearly is called the censor. Direct questioning is not useful in getting beyond the manifest content. A full association exercise may be used, or the subject may be questioned about associations attaching to the striking portions of the dream. It is difficult to get the subject to associate freely without arousing resistances. The method of overcoming resistance gradually, by finding small associations, one at a time, is illustrated by analyzing a young bachelor's dream of a dinner in company with the Pope and several attractive young ladies, in which the dreamer was constantly obliged to leave the party because of a need to urinate. The analyst asked about the dinner, the seating arrangements, the dream characters' features, etc. and the subject associated to each of these until analysis of more major elements could proceed. Study of the psychoanalytic method is recommended not only for psychiatrists and neurologists but also for psychologists. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000057 A contribution to the psychology of rumour. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 35-47). The case of a 13-year-old girl who had been expelled from school for starting an ugly rumor about her male teacher sheds light on the psychology of rumor and shows how rumor figured in the interpretation of a dream. The youngster had simply reported a dream to her classmates. In the dream she and a sister changed into bathing suits in the presence of boys, because of lack of room; then went swimming with their teacher; rode on a steamer; took part in a wedding; went on a journey ''like a honeymoon"; spent the night in a barn, again for lack of room; and the dream ended with the teacher's becoming the godfather of a woman's child. The versions of the classmates, as they identified with S in her repressed desire for sexual relations with the teacher, function as interpretations of the dream. Some are more explicit than others. Some of the versions have S riding on the teacher's back while swimming, rather than riding on a steamer; others introduce two unknown fat men (the teacher was plump) for the swim. Many other versions, reported by S's classmates who had heard her tell it, refer to ''indecent'' parts of the dream that the children refused to describe. S had been troublesome to the teacher, of whom she had originally been fond. After the teacher had given her a bad report, S's dream operated first as an expression of her repressed wish for sexual union with him, compensating for the hate consciously felt; and then, in the retelling as a means of getting back at him. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000058 On the significance of number dreams. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 48-55). Examples show that number dreams reveal the unconscious roots of number symbolism, rather than conscious speculations on the symbolic relations between numbers. One example is that of a middle-aged man engaged in an extramarital love affair, whose dream involved a large number, analyzed to represent the total of important dates and ages for his family. Severe conflicts were apparent due to the patient's attachment to his family and love for his mistress. Another dream involving a number showed the patient's repressed tendency to reckon the costs of his affair. In his waking life the patient gave free rein to number fantasies, for instance celebrating, when he was 35, their hundredth birthday with his 65-year-old mother. He played with the numbers appearing in his dreams, and by association, related them to expressions of envy and wish fulfillment. Another example is given by the dream of the patient's wife. Her entire dream was: Luke 137, alluding, in various chapter/verse combinations, to passages from that book. The number has a dual representation, expressing how many children she would have had if all (including miscarriages) were living, and a repressed fantasy desiring the death of her husband. Although the patient herself was quite unfamiliar with the Bible, the content of the material found in Luke 1:37, in Luke 13:7, and in Luke 7:13, can be interpreted as expressing wishes for more children, rejection of her husband, resentment of his impotence, and the wish for him to be cured of his impotence.(http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000059 Morton Prince's "The mechanism and interpretation of dreams": a critical review. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 56-73). Morton Prince's article on an analysis of six dreams of a patient is criticized as being unscientific, although Prince is commended for his interest in the controversial subject of dream analysis. Prince agrees with Freud that dreams have a meaning, that the meaning is hidden in symbols, and that memory material is needed to find the meaning. He disagrees, however, with Freud's view that every dream represents a wish fulfillment, finding that some dreams represent fear or anxiety. These dreams clearly illustrate transference to the analyst on the part of the patient, a middle aged woman suffering from hysteria! dissociation, but Prince does not interpret them that way. Dream I has not been sufficiently analyzed, as Prince ignores the significance of a man in a dressing gown, bringing firewood. Dream 2, which Prince interprets as the patient's fear that she will become ill again, can be seen as the desire to fall ill again to retain the analyst's attention. Prince sees the third dream, in which the doctor pounds the patient with a stone to hammer it into her head that he cannot be bothered with her, as nonfulfillment of her wish for his attention, but it actually represents an erotic wish. The fourth dream has been censored by Prince, unscientifically deleting "intimacy." In the fifth dream, which Prince has made no attempt to analyze, offering instead a general impression, the patient is forced to walk through cats without making a sound. Although S had a cat phobia, the dream cats represent love, and the aphonia that persisted after the dream was a symptom with which to interest the analyst. Prince does not see any repressed wish or conflict in the sixth dream, but it concerns vengeful tortures that the patient probably desires for the analyst who is abandoning her. These dreams are insufficiently analyzed or misinterpreted because some elements are ignored and the meaning is too often taken literally instead of symbolically. It is concluded that Prince has no basis for a serious criticism of Freud's dream theory when his own methods are so lacking in scientific thoroughness. 1 reference. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000060 On the criticism of psychoanalysis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p.74-77). A discussion of criticism of psychoanalysis notes that the strongest antagonism comes from physicians and psychologists. Most laymen understand the truths of psychoanalysis and realize that a psychological proof must be different from a physical one. The violent resistance of professionals usually arises from scientific prejudices based on a different way of thinking. These critics attack the psychoanalytic method as if it rested on a priori principles, whereas it is actually purely empirical. Occasionally, however, the critic's scientific attitude is warped by his personal feeling. A sarcastic review by Kurt Mendel, presented in entirety, expresses repugnance at the latest work on anal eroticism, the sexuality of children, and the exposure of the vulgar aspects of sex in general. Mendel believes that Freudian teaching has opened up many new and valuable perspectives, but finds it filled with exaggeration and fantasy and questions the concept of the universality of sexual feelings. It is felt that such criticism has scientific value and deserves reading. 2 references. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000061 Concerning psychoanalysis. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 78-81). A letter to an editor defends psychoanalysis against some of the charges brought against it. No reply is offered to critics who say the theory is wrong because they think the method is morally dangerous, or to those who claim that the facts unearthed by Freudians do not exist, as no one can assert a priori that certain facts do not exist. The sexual indelicacies that appear in psychoanalytic literature are not to be blamed on psychoanalysis itself. Medical work merely brings the fantasies to light; blame for their existence lies with our sexual morality. Psychoanalytic education covers not only sex, but every facet of life, and its goal is not to deliver man to his passions but to help him attain self-control. The concept of libido is taken in a general sense, like the instinct of preservation of the species; it does not mean ''localized sexual excitation." No one should blame psychoanalysis itself because there are some clumsy and irresponsible people who misuse it for their own purposes. 1 reference. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000062 The theory of psychoanalysis. Foreword. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 83-87). A series of lectures on the theory of psychoanalysis is introduced in an attempt to outline the prevailing attitude to the guiding principles evolved by Freud from long experience. In spite of heavy and often premature criticism, psychoanalysis has continued to flourish in Europe and America. As a scientific discipline, psychoanalysis needs to take stock of itself; this attitude has been wrongly interpreted as a ''split" in the psychoanalytic movement. Although present experience does not approach Freud's extraordinary experience and insight, some more modern formulations are felt to express the observed facts better than Freud's version. This moderate criticism is intended to promote continued growth of the psychoanalytic movement. 1 reference. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000063 The theory of psychoanalysis. 1. A review of the early hypotheses. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 88-101). A review of the early psychoanalytic hypotheses shows how some of these concepts have changed over the years. The trauma theory developed by Breuer and Freud held that neuroses were derived from a trauma in early childhood. Normally the excitation was abreacted, but was retained in hysteria. The task of therapy was to release the accumulated excitation. This "cathartic" method was bound up closely with the symptoms, in contrast to psychoanalytic techniques in use today. The concept of repression, the mechanism by which conscious content is displaced into the unconscious, is based on observation of the neurotic capacity for forgetting significant events. The concept of repression is somewhat in contradiction to the trauma theory, as it suggests an etiological theory of environment, while the trauma concept is a theory of predisposition. Pursuit of the solution to this riddle led to the theory that the childhood trauma was sexual. Freud abandoned the idea that all childhood sexual traumas had actually occurred, and it is now assumed that many of these traumas are childhood fantasies. The sexual element in a trauma is, according to Freud, chiefly responsible for its pathological effect. Precocious manifestations of sexual fantasy and their traumatic effect now seemed to be the source of the neurosis an opinion that has met opposition and indignation. The decision as to what is the truth must be left to observation and research. 3 references. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000064 The theory of psychoanalysis. 2. The theory of infantile sexuality. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 102-110). Freud's theory of infantile sexuality is discussed, and the more modern divergence from some of these views is noted. The discovery of precocious sexual fantasies led Freud to assume the existence of a richly developed infantile sexuality. A biological conception of sexuality includes such phenomena as pregnancy, birth, natural selection, and a series of psychological and physiological functions. Sexuality may be identified with the instinct for preservation of the species, in some contrast to the instinct for self-preservation. Some of Freud's conclusions are considered untenable. Freud is inclined to see even in the infant's sucking at the mother's breast a kind of sexual act. This assumes that sexuality -- preservation of the species -- exists apart from the nutritive function -- self-preservation -- as in adults, but it is not possible to separate the two modes of the life instinct at this stage. Both intrauterine and extrauterine periods of infancy belong to an asexual stage of nutrition and growth. Acts such as sucking the fingers, while evidently pleasurable, belong more to the sphere of nutrition. These acts can lead into distinctly sexual acts, as the child derives pleasure from his own body. Freud's belief that the child's sexuality, centered on his own body, is perverse because of analogies with subsequent perversions. He then hypothesized that sexuality is divided into a plurality of several drives, giving rise to the concept of "erogenous zones'' such as mouth, skin, anus, etc. The later "monomorphic" sexuality is thus conceived as consisting of several components. Perversions exist at the expense of normal sexuality; increased application of one form of sexuality follows a decrease in the application of another form. The example of a young man who was homosexual in his teens and heterosexual in his twenties, returning to homosexuality after being jilted, illustrates the mobility of the sexual components. The theory thus far does not explain how such transformations come about. Freud's conception of components was modified, to be replaced by the libido conception of energy. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000065 The theory of psychoanalysis 3. The concept of libido. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 111-128). An extensive discussion of the concept of libido elucidates Freud's accepted definition (a basic sexual need -- hunger-desire) and formulates a total libido theory to include modern research and concepts. Regarded as a dynamic unity, the libido is discussed in context of the energic theory, whereby it is compared with the laws of energy conservation. The unconscious fantasy systems are held to be objects of the libido only in neuroses Conservation of the libido involves the nature of infantile libido and the theory that abnormalities and perversions exist in childhood in latent form. Manifestations and distinctions of the libido in three phases of life -- presexual prepubertal and mature -- are briefly contrasted. Thoughts on sexual terminology point out the difficulty of applying them to prepubertal children, in whom intensity of the libido is not any less than in adults, though the localization of it may be different. Discussion of the libido problem in dementia praecox brings out how the patient's lack of adaptation to reality is compensated by a progressive increase in the creation of fantasies. A genetic conception perceives libido as a type of psychic energy, that manifests itself in the life process and is subjectively perceived as conation and desire. The infantile perversions as a libidinal concept round out the theory on infantile sexuality which, in turn, is important to the theory of neuroses. The nutritive function of the libido (sucking) is one of the child's transitional phases, which develops into normal sexuality at maturity. 2 references. (http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/resources/jung-s-collected-works-abstracts/854-abstracts-of-the-collected-works-of-cg-jung#TableofContents) Return to the Table of Contents 000066 The theory of psychoanalysis. 4. Neurosis and aetiological factors in childhood. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 1970. 368 p. (p. 129-138). To clarify those events of childhood that lay the foundation for later neuroses, the roles of sexual predisposition, the parental complex, and general parental influences Content: Volume 1. Psychiatric studies -- I. On the psychology and pathology of so-called occult phenomena / translated from Zur Psychologie und Pathologie sogenannter occulter Phanomene (Leipzig, 1902) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A case of somnambulism in a girl with poor inheritance (spiritual medium) -- Anamnesis -- Somnambulistic states -- Records of séances -- Development of the somnambulistic personalities -- The romances -- Mystic science -- Termination of the disorder -- 3. Discussion of the case -- The waking state -- Semi-somnambulism -- Automatisms -- The change in character -- Nature of the somnambulistic attacks -- Origin of the unconscious personalities -- Course of the disorder -- Heightened unconscious performance -- 4. Conclusion -- On hysterical misreading / translated from “Uber hysterisches Verlesen,” Archiv fur die gesamte Psychologie (Leipzig), III (1904) -- II. Cryptomnesia / translated from “Kryptomnesie,” Die Zukunft (Berlin), 13th year (1905), L. -- III. On manic mood disorder / translated from “Uber manische Verstimmung,” Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psychiatrie und psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medizin (Berlin), LXI (1903) -- IV. A case of hysterical stupor bei einer untersuchungsgefangenen,” Journal fur Psychologie und Neurologie (Leipzig), I (1902) -- V. On simulated insanity / translated from “Uber Simulation von Geistesstorung,” Journal fur Psychologie und Neurologie (Leipzig), II (1903) -- A medical opinion on a case of simulated insanity / translated from “Arztliches Gutachten uber einen Fall von simulierter geistiger Storung,” Schweizerische Zeitung fur Strafrecht (Zurich), XVII (1904) -- VI. A third and final opinion on two contradictory psychiatric diagnoses / translated from “Obergutachten uber zwei sich widersprechende psychiatrische Gutachten,” Monatsschrift fur Kriminalpsychologie und Strafrechtsreform (Heidelberg), II (1906) -- On the psychological diagnosis of facts / translated from “Zur psychologischen Tatbestandsdiagnostik,” Zentrablatt fur Nervenheilkunde und Psychiatrie (Leipzig), XXVIII (1905) Volume 2. Experimental researches -- part 1. Studies in word association -- The associations of normal subjects / by C.G. Jung and Franz Riklin -- Translated from “Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber Assoziationen gesunder,” Diagnostische Assoziationsstudien, vol. I (1906), I [1904] -- An analysis of the association of an epileptic -- Translated from “Analyse der Assoziationen eines Epileptikers,” Diagnostische Assoziationsstudien, vol. I (1906), III [1905] -- The reaction-time ratio in the association experiment -- Translated from “Uber das Verhalten der Reaktionszeit beim Assoziationsexperimente,” Diagnostische assoziationsstudien, vol. I (1906), IV [1905] -- Experimental observations on the faculty of memory -- Translated from “Experimentelle Beobachtungen uber das Erinnerungsvermogen,” Zentralblatt fur Nervenhelkunde und Psychiatrie (Leipzig), XXVIII (1905) -- Psychoanalysis and association experiments -- Translated from “Psychoanalyse und Assoziationsexperiement,” Diagnostische Assoziationsstudien, vol. I (1906), VI [1906] -- The psychological diagnosis of evidence -- Translated from Die psychologische Diagnose des Tatbestandes (Zurich: Rascher, 1941), reprinted from the 1906 version Association, dream and hysterical symptom -- Translated from “Assoziation, Traum und hysterisches Symptom,” Diagnostische Assoziationsstudien, vol. II (1909), VIII [1906] -- The psychopathological significance of the association experiment / translated from “Die psychopathologische Bedeutung der Assoziationsexperimentes,” Archive fur Kriminalanthropologie und Kriminalistik (Leipzig), XXII (1906) -- Disturbances of reproduction in the association experiment -- Translated from Uber die Reproduktionsstorungen beim Assoziationsexperiment,” Diagnostische Assoziationsstudien, vol. II (1909, IX [1907] -- The association method -- Translated from the German manuscript (1909) -- The family constellation -- Translated from the German manuscript -- part II. Psychophysical researches -- On the psychophysical relations of the association experiment -- Originally published in English in Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Boston), I (1907) -- Psychophysical investigations with the Galvanometer and Pneumograph in normal and insane individuals / by Frederick Peterson and C. G. Jung -- Originally published in English in Brain (London), XXX (1907) -- Further investigations on the galvanic phenomenon and respiration in normal and insane individuals / by Charles Risksher and C. G. Jung -- Originally published in English in Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Boston), II (1907-8) -- Appendix 1. Statistical details of enlistment -- Translated from “Statistisches von der Rekrutenaushebung,” Correspondenz-Blatt fur Schweizer Aerzte (Basel), XXXVI (1906) -- 2. New aspects of criminal psychology -- Translated from “Le nuove vedute della psicologia criminale,” Rivista di psologia applicata (Bologna), IV (1908) -- 3. The psychological methods of investigation used in the psychiatric clinic of the University of Zurich -- Translated from “Die an der psychiatrischen Klinik in Zurich gebrauchlichen psychologischen Untersuchungsmethoden,” Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie (Leipzig), III (1910) -- 4. On the doctrine of complexes -- Originally published in English in Australasian Medical Congress, Transactions of the ninth session [1911] (Sydney, 1913) -- 5. On the psychological diagnosis of evidence : the evidence-experiment in the Naf Trail -- Translated from “Zur psychologischen Tatbestandsdiagnostik : Das Tatbestandsexperiment im Schwurgerichtsprozess naf,” Archiv fur kriminologie (Leipzig), c (1937) Volume 3. The psychogenesis of mental disease -- The psychology of dementia praecox / translated from Uber die Psychologie der Dementia praecox : Ein Versuch (Halle a. S., 1907) -- Foreword -- 1. Critical survey of theoretical views on the psychology of dementia praecox -- 2. The feeling-toned complex and its general effects on the psyche Acute effects of the complex Chronic effects of the complex -- 3. The influence of the feeling-toned complex on the valency of associations -- 4. Dementia praecox and hysteria -- I. Disturbances of the emotions -- II. Abnormalities of character -- III. Intellectual disturbances -- IV. Stereotypy -- Summary -- 5. Analysis of a case of paranoid dementia as a paradigm -- Clinical history -- Simple word associations -- Continuous associations -- a. Wish-fulfilment -- b. The complex of being wronged -- c. The sexual complex -- d. summary -- e. supplement -- Epilogue -- II. The content of the psychoses / translated from Der Inhalt der Psychose (2nd edn., Leipzig and Vienna, 1914) -- On psychological understanding / translated from the supplement to the foregoing -- III. A criticism of Bleuler's theory of schizophrenic negativism / translated from a critique in the Jahrbuch fur psychoanalystische und psychopathologische Forschungen (Vienna and Leipzig), III (1911) -- On the importance of the unconscious in psychopathology / written in English and published in the British Medical Journal (London), II (1914) -- On the problem of psychogenesis in mental disease / written in English and published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine (London), XII (1919) -- Mental disease and the psyche / translated from “Heilbare Geisteskranke?”, Berliner Tageblatt, 1928 -- IV. On the psychogenesis of schizophrenia / written in English and published in the Journal of Mental Science (London), LXXXV (1939) -- Recent thoughts on schizophrenia / written in English and broadcast by the “Voice of America,” December 1956 Schizophrenia / translated from “Die Schizophreniz,” Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie and Psychiatrie (Zurich), LXXXI (1958) -- Appendix: Letter to the Second International Congress of Psychiatry (Symposium on Chemical Concepts of Psychosis), 1957 Volume 4. Freud and psychoanalysis -- Freud's theory of hysteria : a reply to Aschaffenburg / translated from “Die Hysterielehre Freuds : Eine Erwiderung auf die Aschaffenburgsche Kritik,” Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (Munich), LIII (1906) -- The Freudian theory of hysteria / translated from “Die Freud'sche Hysterietheorie,” Monatsschrift fur Psychiatrie und Neurologie (Berlin), XXIII (1908) -- The analysis of dreams / translated from “L'Analyse des reves,“ Annee psychologique (Paris), XV (1909) -- A contribution to the psychology of rumour / translated from “Ein Beitrag zur Psychologie des Geruchtes Zentralblatt fur Psychoanalyse (Wiesbaden), I (190/11) -- On the significance of number dreams / translated from “Ein Beitrag zur Kenntinis des Zahlentraumes,” Zentralblatt fur Psychoanalyse (Wiesbaden), I (1910/11) Morton Prince, “The mechanism and interpretation of dreams” : a critical review / translated from a review in the Jahrbuch fur psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen (Leipzig), III (1911) -- On the criticism of psychoanalysis / translated from “Zur kritik uber psychoanalyse,” Jahrbuch fur psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen (Leipzig), II (1910) -- Concerning psychoanalysis / translated form Zur Psychoanalyse,” Wissen und Leben (Zurich), V (1912) -- II. The theory of psychoanalysis / translated from Versuch einer Darstellung der psychoanalytischen Theorie, 2nd edn. (Zurich: Rasher, 1955) -- 1. A review of the early hypothesis -- 2. The theory of infantile sexuality -- 3. The concept of libido -- 4. Neurosis and aetiological factors in childhood -- 5. The fantasies of the unconscious -- 6. The Oedipus complex -- 7. The aetiology of neurosis -- 8. Therapeutic principles of psychoanalysis -- 9. A case of neurosis in a child -- III. General aspects of psychoanalysis / translated from “Allgemein Aspekte der Psychoanalyse,” the original ms., which was published (in an anonymous translation) in Transactions of the Psycho-Medical Society (Cockermouth, England), 1913 Psychoanalysis and neurosis / originally published in English as “On psychoanalysis” in Collected papers on analytical psychology (London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, 1916) -- Some crucial points in psychoanalysis : a correspondence between Dr. Jung and Dr. Loy / translated from Psychotherapeutische Zeitfragen : Ein Brief-wechsel mit Dr. C. G. Jung, edited by Dr. R. Loy (Leipzig and Vienna: Deuticke, 1914) -- Prefaces to Collected papers on analytical psychology / originally published in the book, edited by Constance E. Long (London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, 1916) -- Some crucial points in psychoanalysis : a correspondence between Dr. Jung and Dr. Loy / translated from Psychotherapeutische Zeitgragen : Ein Briefwechsel mit Dr. C.G. Jung, edited by Dr. R. Loy (Leipzig and Vienna: Deuticke, 1914) -- Prefaces to collected papers on analytical psychology / originally published in the book, edited by Constance E. Long (London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, 1916 2nd edn., 1917) -- IV. The significance of the father in the destiny of the individual / translated from Die Bedeutung des Vaters fur das Schicksal des Einzelnen (3rd revised edn., Zurich: Rascher, 1949), including material from the 1st edn. (1909) -- Introduction to Kranefeldt's Secret ways of the mind / translated from the introduction to W. M. Kranefeldt, Die Psychoanalyse (Berlin and Leipzig: W. de Gruyter, 1930) -- Freud and Jung : contrasts / translated from “Der gegensatz Freud und Jung,” Seelenprobleme der gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931) II Volume 5. Symbols of transformation and analysis of the prelude to a case of schizophrenia -- part 1. -- Introduction -- II. Two kinds of thinking -- III. The Miller fantasies : anamnesis -- IV. The hymn of creation -- V. The song of the moth -- part 2. -- I. Introduction -- II. The concept of libido -- III. The transformation of libido -- IV. The origin of the hero -- V. Symbols of the mother and of rebirth -- VI. The battle for deliverance from the mother -- VII. The dual mother -- VIII. The sacrifice -- IX. Epilogue -- Appendix: The Miller fantasies Volume 6. Psychological types -- Introduction I. The problem of types in the history of classical and medieval thought -- 1. Psychology in the Classical Age : the Gnostics, Tertullian, origin -- 2. The theological disputes of the ancient church -- 3. The problem of transubstantiation -- 4. Nominalism and realism -- a. The problem of universals in antiquity -- c. Abelard's attempt at conciliation -- 5. The holy communion controversy between Luther and Zwingli -- II. Schiller's ideas on the type problem -- 1. Letters on the aesthetic education of man -- a. The superior and the inferior functions -- b. Concerning the basic instincts -- 2. A discussion on naïve and sentimental poetry -- a. The naïve attitude -- b. The sentimental attitude -- c. The idealist and the realist -- III. The apollinian and the Dionysian -- IV. The type problem in human character -- 1. General remarks on Jordan's types -- 2. Special description and criticism of Jordan's types -- a. The introverted woman -- b. The extraverted woman -- c. The extraverted man -- d. The introverted man -- V. The type problem in poetry Carl Spitteler : Prometheus and Epimetheus -- 1. Introductory remarks on Spitteler's typology -- 2. A comparison of Spitteler's with Goethe's Prometheus -- 3. The significance of the uniting symbol -- a. The Brahmanic conception of the problem of opposites -- b. The Brahmanic conception of the uniting symbol -- c. The uniting symbol as the principle of dynamic regulation -- d. The uniting symbol in Chinese philosophy -- 4. The relativity of the symbol -- a. The worship of woman and the worship of the soul -- b. The relativity of the God-concept in Meister Eckhart -- 5. The nature of the uniting symbol in Spitteler -- VI. The type problem in psychopathology -- VII. The type problem in aesthetics -- VIII. The type problem in modern philosophy -- 1. William James' types -- 2. The characteristic pairs of opposites in James' types -- a. Rationalism versus empiricism -- b. Intellectualism versus sensationalism -- c. Idealism versus materialism -- d. Optimism versus pessimism -- e. Religiousness versus irreligiousness -- f. Indeterminism versus determinism -- g. Monism versus pluralism -- h. Dogmatism versus skepticism -- 3. General criticism of James' typology -- IX. The type problem in biography -- X. General description of the types -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The extraverted type -- a. The general attitude of consciousness -- b. The attitude of the unconscious -- c. The peculiarities of the basic psychological functions in the extraverted attitude -- Thinking -- The extraverted thinking type -- Feeling -- The extraverted feeling type -- Summary of the extraverted rational types -- Sensation -- The extraverted sensation type -- Intuition -- The extraverted intuitive type -- Summary of the extraverted irrational types -- 3.a. The general attitude of the consciousness -- b. The attitude of the unconscious -- c. The peculiarities of the basic psychological functions in the introverted attitude -- Thinking -- The introverted thinking type -- Feeling -- The introverted feeling type -- Summary of the introverted rational types -- Sensation -- The introverted sensation type -- Intuition -- The introverted intuitive type -- Summary of the introverted irrational types -- d. The principal and auxiliary functions -- XI. Definitions -- Epilogue -- Appendix: Four papers on psychological typology -- A contribution to the study of psychological types (1913) -- 2. Psychological types (1923) -- 3. A psychological theory of types (1931) -- 4. Psychological typology (1936) -- Table: Correlation of paragraph numbers Volume 7. Two essays on analytical psychology -- I. Psychoanalysis -- II. The eros theory -- III. The other point of view : the will to power -- IV. The problem of the attitude-type -- V. The personal and the collective (or transpersonal) unconscious -- VI. The synthetic or constructive method -- VII. The archetypes of the collective unconscious -- VIII. General remarks on the therapeutic approach to the unconscious -- Conclusion -- II. The relations between the ego and the unconscious -- part 1. The effects of the unconscious upon consciousness -- I. The personal and the collective unconscious -- II. Phenomena resulting from the assimilation of the unconscious -- III. The persona as a segment of the collective psyche -- IV. Negative attempts to free the individuality from the collective psyche -- a. Regressive restoration of the persona -- b. Identification with the collective psyche -- part 2. The relations between the ego and the unconscious -- part 1. The effects of the unconscious upon consciousness -- I. The personal and the collective unconscious -- II. Phenomena resulting from the assimilation of the unconscious -- III. The persona as a segment of the collective psyche -- IV. Negative attempts to free the individuality from the collective psyche -- a. Regressive restoration of the persona -- b. Identification with the collective psyche -- part 2. -- Individuation -- I. The function of the unconscious -- II. Anima and animus -- III. The technique of differentiation between the ego and the figure of the unconscious -- IV. The mana-personality -- Appendices -- I. New paths in psychology -- II. The structure of the unconscious -- 1. The distinction between the personal and the impersonal unconscious -- 2. Phenomena resylting from the assimilation of the unconscious -- 3. The persona as a segment of the collective psyche -- 4. Attempts to free the individuality from the collective psyche -- a. The regressive restoration of the persona -- b. Identification with the collective psyche -- 5. Fundamental principles in the treatment of collective identity -- 6. Summary Volume 9, part 2. Aion : researches into the phenomenology of the self -- The ego -- II. The shadow -- III. The syzygy : anima and animus -- IV. The self -- V. Christ a symbol of the self -- VI. The sign of the fishes -- VII. The prophecies of Nostradamus -- VIII. The historical significance of the fish -- IX. The ambivalence of the fish symbol -- X. The fish in alchemy -- 1. The Medusa -- 2. The fish -- 3. The fish symbol of the Cathars -- XI. The alchemical interpretation of the fish -- XII. Background to the psychology of Christian alchemical symbolism -- XIII. Gnostic symbols of the self -- XIV. The structure and dynamics of the self -- XV. Conclusion Volume 10. Civilization in transition -- The role of the unconscious / translated from “Uber das Unbewusste,” Scheizerland (Zurich), IV (1918) Mind and Earth / translated from “Seele und Erde,” Seelenprobleme der Gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931) -- Archaic man / translated from “Der archaische mensch,” Seelenprobleme der Gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931) -- The spiritual problem of modern man / translated from “Das Seelenproblem des modernen Menschen,” Seelenprobleme der Gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931) -- II. The love problem of a student / translated from an unpublished ms. (1922?) -- Woman in Europe / translated from “Die Frau in Europa, “ Europaische Revue (Berlin), III (1927) -- The meaning of psychology for modern man / translated from “Die Bedeutung der Psychologie fur die Gegenwart,“ Wirklichkeit der Seele (Zurich: Rascher, 1934) -- The state of psychotherapy today / translated from, “Zur gegenwartigen Lage der Psychotherapie,“ Zentralblatt fur Psychotherapie und ihre Grenzgebiete (Leipzig), VII (1934) -- III. Preface to Essays on contemporary events / translated from Vorwort to Aufsatze zur Zeitgeschichte (Zurich: Rascher, 1946) -- Wotan / translated from “Wotan,” Neue Schweizer Rundschau (Zurich), n.s., III (1936) -- After the catastrophe / translated from “Nach der Katastrophe,” Neue Schweizer Rundschau (Zurich), n.s., XIII (1945) -- The fight with the shado / originally published in English in The listener (London), XXXVI (1946) -- Epilogue to Essays on contemporary events / translated from Nachwort to Aufsatze zur Zeitgeschichte (Zurich: Rascher, 1946) -- IV. The undiscovered self (present and future) / translated from Gegenwart und Zukunft (Zurich: Rascher, 1957) -- 1. The plight of the individual in modern society -- 2. Religion as the counter balance to mass-mindedness -- 3. The position of the West on the question of religion -- 4. The individual's understanding of himself -- 5. The philosophical and the psychological approach to life -- 6. Self-knowledge -- 7. The meaning of self-knowledge -- V. Flying saucers a modern myth of things seen in the skies / translated from Ein moderner Mythus : Von Dingen, die am Hummel gesehen werden (Zurich and Stuttgart: Rascher, 1958) -- 1. Ufos as rumours -- 2. Ufos in dreams -- 3. Ufos in modern painting -- 4. Previous history of the Ufo phenomenon -- 5. Ufos considered in a non-psychological light -- VI. A psychological view of conscience / translated from “Das Gewissen in psychologischer Sicht,” in Das Gewissen (Studien aus dem C. G. Jung-Institut, VII Zurich: Rascher, 1958) Good and evil in analytical psychology / translated from “Gut und Bose in der Psychotherapie, ed. By Wilhelm Bitter (Stuttgart: “Arzt und Seelsorger,” 1959) -- Introduction to Toni Wolff's studies in Jungian psychology / translated from the Vorrede to Wolff, Studien zu C. G. Jung's psychologie (Zurich: Rhein, 1959) -- VII. The Swiss line in the European spectrum / translated from “Die Bedeutung der schweizerischen Linie im Spectrum Europas,” Neue Schweizer Rundschau (Zurich), XXIV (1928) -- The rise of a new world / translated from “Der Aufgang einer neuen Welt,” Neue Zurcher Zeitung (Zurich), 1930 -- La Revolution mondiale / translated from “Ein neues Buch von Keyserling,” Balser Nachrichten, XXVIII (1934) -- The complications of American psychology / originally published in English as “Your negroid and Indian behavior,” Forum (New York ), LXXXIII (1930) -- The dreamlike world of India / originally published in English in Asia (New York), XXXIX (1939) -- What India can teach us / originally published in English in Asia (New York), XXXIX (1939) Appendix Editorial / translated from the Zentrablatt, VI (1933) -- A rejoinder to Dr. Bally / translated from the Neue Zurcher zeitung, CLV (1934) -- Circular letter / translated from the Zentralblatt, VII (1934) -- Editorial / translated from the Zentral blatt, VIII (1935) -- Editorial note / translated from the Zentralblatt, VIII (1935) -- Presidential address to the 8th General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy, Bad Nauheim, 1935 / translated from an unpublished ms. -- Contribution to a discussion on psychotherapy / translated from “Votum C.G. Jung,” Schweizerische Aerztezeitung fur Standesfragen (Bern), XVI (1935) -- Presidential address to the 9th International Medical Congress for Psychotherapy, Copenhagen, 1937 / translated from an unpublished ms. Presidential address to the 10th International Medical Congress for Psychotherapy, Oxford, 1938 / written in English not previously published Volume 11. Psychology and religion : West and East -- part 1. Western religion Psychology and religion / originally published in English : the Terry Lectures of 1937 (New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press, and London: Oxford University Press, 1938) here revised and augmented in accordance with the Swiss edition (Zurich: Rascher, 1940) -- 1. The autonomy of the unconscious -- 2. Dogma and natural symbols -- 3. The history and psychology of a natural symbol -- II. A psychological approach to the dogma of the trinity / translated from “Versuch zu einer pscyhologischen deutung des Trinitatsdogmas : symbolic des geistes (Zurich: Rascher, 1948) -- I. Pre-Christian parallels -- I. Babylonia -- II. Egypt -- III. Greece -- 2. Father, son, and spirit -- 3. The symbola -- I. The symbolum apostolicum -- II. The symbolum of Gregory Thaumaturgus -- III. The Nicaenum -- IV. The Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum, the Athanasianum and the Lateranense -- 4. The three persons in the light of psychology -- I. The hypothesis of the archetype -- II. Christ as archetype -- III. The Holy Ghost -- 5. The problem of the fourth -- I. The concept of quaternity -- II. The psychology of the quaternity -- III. General remarks on symbolism -- 6. Conclusion -- III. Transformation symbolism in the mass / translated from “Das wandlungssymbol in der messe,” Von den Wurzeln des bewusstseins (Zurich: Rascher, 1954) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The sequence of the transformation rite -- I. Oblation of the bread -- II. Preparation of the chalice -- III. Elevation of the chalice -- IV. Censing of the substances and the altar -- V. The epiclesis -- VI. The consecration -- VII. The greater elevation -- VIII. The post consecration -- IX. Ed of the canon -- X. Breaking the host (“fractio”) -- XI. Consignatio -- XII. Commixtio -- XIII. Conclusion -- 3. Parallels to the transformation mystery -- I. The Aztec “teoqualo,” -- II. The vision of zosimos -- 4. The psychology of the mass -- I. General remarks on the sacrifice -- II. The psychological meaning of sacrifice -- III. The mass and the individuation process -- IV. Foreword to White's God and the unconscious / originally translated from a manuscript and published in English in the book by Victor White (London: Harvill, 1952 Chicago: H. Regnery, 1953) -- Foreword to Werblowsky's Lucifer and Prometheus / originally translated from a manuscript and published in English in the book by R. J. Zwi Werblowsky (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1952) -- Brother Klaus / translated from a book review in the Neue Schweizer Rundschau (Zurich), new series, I (1933) -- V. Psychotherapists or the clergy / translated from Die beziehungen der psychotherapie zur seelsorge (Zurich: Rascher, 1932) -- Psychoanalysis and the cure of souls / translated from “Psychoanalyse und seelsorge,” Ethik : sexual- und Gesellschafts-Ethik (Halle), V (1928) -- VI. Answer to Job / translated from Antwort auf Hiob (Zurich: Rascher, 1952) -- Prefatory Note, Lectori Benevolo, Answer to Job part -- 2. Eastern Religion -- VII. Psychological commentary on The Tibetan book of great liberation / originally published in English in the book) London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1954) -- 1. The difference between Eastern and Western thinking -- 2. Comments on the text Psychological commentary on The Tibetan book of the dead / translated from “Psychologischer kommentar zum Bardo Thodol,” in Das Tibetanische Toencuch, 5th edition (Zurich: Rascher, 1953) -- VIII. Yoga and the West / originally translated from a manuscript and published in English in Prabuddha Bharata (Calcutta), February 1936 -- Foreword to Suzuki's Introduction to Zen Buddhism / translaged from the foreword to D. T. Suzuki, Die grosse befreiung : Einfuhrung in den Zen-Buddhismus (Leipzig: Curt Weller, 1939) -- The psychology of Easter meditation / translated from “Zur pscyhologie ostlicher meditation,” symbolic des geistes (Zurich: Rascher, 1948) -- The holy men of India / translated from the introduction to Heinrich Zimmer, Der weg zum Selbst (Zurich: Rascher, 1944) -- IX. Foreword to the I Ching / originally translated from a manuscript and published in English in The I Ching, or Book of changes, translated by Cary F. Baynes from the German translation of Richard Wilhelm (New York: Pantheon Books [Bollingen Series XIX] and London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1950) -- This is the Baynes translation of the Foreword with minor revisions Volume 12. Psychology and Alchemy -- part 1. Introduction to the religious and psychological problems of alchemy -- part II. Individual dream symbolism in relation to alchemy -- chapter 1. Introduction -- I. The material -- II. The method -- chapter 2. The initial dreams -- chapter 3. The symbolism of the mandala -- I. Concerning the mandala -- II. The mandalas in the dreams -- III. The vision of the world clock -- IV. The symbols of the self -- part III. Religious ideas in alchemy -- chapter 1. Basic concepts of alchemy -- I. Introduction -- II. The alchemical process and its stages -- III. Conceptions and symbols of the goal -- chapter 2. The psychic nature of the alchemical work -- I. The projection of psychic contents -- II. The mental attitude towards the opus -- III. Meditation and imagination -- IV. Soul and body -- chapter 3. The work -- I. The method -- II. The spirit in matter -- III. The work of redemption -- chapter 4. The prima material -- I. Synonyms for the material -- II. The increatum -- III. Ubiquity and perfection -- IV. The king and the king's son -- V. The myth of the hero -- VI. The hidden treasure -- chapter 5. The Lapis Christ parallel -- I. The renewal of life -- II. Evidence for the religious interpretation of the lapis -- a. Raymond Lully -- b. Tractatus aureus -- c. Zosimos and the doctrine of the anthropos -- d. Petrus Bonus -- e.”Aurora consurgens” and the docrine of sapientia -- f. Melchior cibinensis and the alchemical paraphrase of the mass -- g. Sir George ripley -- h. The epigone -- chapter 6. Alchemical symbolism in the history of religion -- I. The unconscious as the matrix of symbols -- II. The paradigm of the unicorn -- a. The unicorn in alchemy -- b. The unicorn in ecclesiastical allegory -- c. The unicorn in Gnosticism -- d. The one-horned scarabaeus -- e. The unicorn in the Vedas -- f. The unicorn in Persia -- g. The unicorn in Jewish tradition -- h. The unicorn in China -- i. The unicorn cup Volume 13. Alchemical studies -- Commentary on “The secret of the golden flower” / translated from the “Europaischer Kommentar” to Das Geheimnis der goldenen Blute : Ein chinesisches Lebensbuch, 5th edn. (Zurich: Rascher, 1957) -- 1. Difficulties encountered by a European in trying to understand the East -- 2. Modern psychology offers a possibility of understanding -- 3. The fundamental concepts -- a. Tao -- b. The circular movement and the centre -- 4. Phenomena of the way -- a. The disintegration of consciousness -- b. Animus and anima -- 5. The detachment of consciousness from the ob