The Codification of Medical Morality : Historical and Philosophical Studies of the Formalization of Western Medical Morality in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Volume Two: Anglo-American Medical Ethics and Medical Jurisprudence in the Nineteenth C

Like many novel ideas, the idea for this volume and its predecessor arose over lunch in the cafeteria of the old Wellcome Institute. On an atternoon in Sept- ber 1988, Dorothy and Roy Porter, and I, sketched out a plan for a set of conf- ences in which scholars from a variety of disciplines would explore the emergence of modern medical ethics in the English-speaking world: from its pre-history in the quarrels that arose as gentlemanly codes of etiquette and honor broke down under the pressure of the eighteenth-century "sick trade," to the Enlightenment ethics of John Gregory and Thomas Percival, to the American appropriation process that culminated in the American Medical Association's 1847 Code of Ethics, and to the British turn to medical jurisprudence in the 1858 Medical Act. Roy Porter formally presented our idea as a plan for two back-to-back c- ferences to the Wellcome Trust, and I presented it to the editors of the PHI- LOSOPHY AND MEDICINE series, H. Tristram Engeihardt, Jr. and Stuart Spicker. The reception from both parties was enthusiastic and so, with the financial backing of the former and a commitment to publication from the latter, Roy Porter, ably assisted by Frieda Hauser and Steven Emberton, - ganized two conferences. The first was held at the Wellcome Institute in - cember 1989; the second was sponsored by the Wellcome, but was actually held in the National Hospital, in December 1990.

The Codification of Medical Morality, the second volume in a two-volume survey of pre-twentieth century modern medical ethics, presents fresh historical research and philosophical analyses of the evolution of medical ethics in nineteenth century America and the development of a different, but parallel, tradition of medical jurisprudence in nineteenth century Britain. These original papers are supplemented by reprints of: the first American Code of medical ethics, the Boston Medical Police of 1808; and an unabridged version of the American Medical Association's 1847 Code of Ethics; and the second (1886) edition of Jukes Styrap's Code of Ethics - a Code which, although officially rejected by the British Medical Association, nonetheless defined the `done thing' for British practitioners in the last decades of the nineteenth century.

This second survey of pre-20th century modern medical ethics presents historical research and philosophical analyses of the evolution of medical ethics in 19th-century America, and the development of a different, but parallel, tradition of medical jurisprudence in 19th-century Britain. Revisionists charge that professional codes of medical ethics amount to little more than trade union regulations wrapped in a fig-leaf of etiquette and puffed up with elevated rhetoric. This volume has emerged from papers delivered at a conference on the History of Medical Ethics, held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, 1 December, 1989. v. 1. Medical ethics and etiquette in the eighteenth century v. 2. Anglo-American medical ethics and medical jurisprudence in the nineteenth century.