The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future : The World of Medusa and Her Sisters

This volume presents a broad panorama of the current status of research of invertebrate animals considered belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, such as hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, and coral. In this book the Cnidarians are traced from the Earth{u2019}s primordial oceans, to their response to the warming and acidifying oceans. Due to the role of corals in the carbon and calcium cycles, various aspects of cnidarian calcification are discussed. The relation of the Cnidaria with Mankind is approached, in accordance with the Editors{u2019} philosophy of bridging the artificial schism between science, arts and Humanities. Cnidarians' encounters with humans result in a broad spectrum of medical emergencies that are reviewed. The final section of the volume is devoted to the role of Hydra and Medusa in mythology and art. Part I. Genesis, Evolution, And Systematics. 1. Emergence And Evolution Of Early Life In The Geological Environment / Barbara Cavalazzi And Roberto Barbieri ; 2. Integrated Evolution Of Cnidarians And Oceanic Geochemistry Before And During The Cambrian Explosion / Jian Han, Xingliang Zhang, And Tsuyoshi Komiya ; 3. Origin And Early Diversification Of Phylum Cnidaria : Key Macrofossils From The Ediacaran System Of North And South America / Heyo Van Iten, Juliana M. Leme, Mírian L.a.f. Pacheco, Marcello G. Simões, Thomas R. Fairchild, Fábio Rodrigues, Douglas Galante, Paulo C. Boggiani, And Antonio C. Marques ; 4. The New Systematics Of Scleractinia : Integrating Molecular And Morphological Evidence / Marcelo V. Kitahara, Hironobu Fukami, Francesca Benzoni, And Danwei Huang ; 5. Ceriantharia In Current Systematics : Life Cycles, Morphology And Genetics / Sérgio N. Stampar, Maximiliano M. Maronna, Marcelo V. Kitahara, James D. Reimer, Julia S. Beneti, And André C. Morandini ; 6.^ Origin And Evolution Of The Nervous System Considered From The Diffuse Nervous System Of Cnidarians / Osamu Koizumi -- Part Ii. Zoogeography. 7. Zoogeography Of Hydrozoa : Past, Present And A Look To The Future / Cinzia Gravili ; 8. Diversity And Distribution Of Octocorallia / Carlos Daniel Pérez, Bárbara De Moura Neves, Ralf Tarciso Cordeiro, Gary C. Williams, And Stephen D. Cairns ; 9. Diversity And Distribution Of Actiniaria / Paula Braga Gomes, Alessandra Gomes Targino, Rafael Antônio Brandão, And Carlos Daniel Pérez ; 10. Cnidarian Alien Species In Expansion / Manuel María González-duarte, Cesar Megina, Pablo J. López-gonzález, And Bella Galil --^ Part Iii. Calcification. 11. Calcification In The Cnidaria Through Time : An Overview Of Their Skeletal Patterns From Individual To Evolutionary Viewpoints / Jean-pierre Cuif ; 12. A Non-traditional Stable Isotope Perspective On Coral Calcification / Casey Saenger And Jonathan Erez ; 13. Influences Of Coral Intra-skeletal Organic Matrix On Calcium Carbonate Precipitation / Michela Reggi, Simona Fermani, Oren Levy, Zvy Dubinsky, Stefano Goffredo, And Giuseppe Falini ; 14. From Molecules To Morphologies, A Multiscale Modeling Approach To Unravel The Complex System Of Coral Calcification / Eva S. Deutekom, Pirom Konglerd, Paula Ramos-silva, And Jaap A. Kaandorp --^ Part Iv. Reproduction And Population Ecology. 15. Reproduction Of Sea Anemones And Other Hexacorals / Ekaterina Bocharova ; 16. Sexual Reproduction In Stony Corals And Insight Into The Evolution Of Oogenesis In Cnidaria / Shinya Shikina And Ching-fong Chang ; 17. Sexual Reproduction Of Mediterranean Scleractinian Corals / Valentina Airi, Francesca Gizzi, Chiara Marchini, And Stefano Goffredo ; 18. Brooding Corals : Planulation Patterns, Larval Behavior, And Recruitment Dynamics In The Face Of Environmental Change / Gretchen Goodbody-gringley And Samantha J. De Putron ; 19. Larval Dispersal And Population Connectivity In Anthozoans / Márcio A.g. Coelho And Howard R. Lasker ; 20. Population Dynamics Of Temperate Corals In A Changing Climate / Erik Caroselli And Stefano Goffredo --^ Part V. Symbiosis. 21. Microbial Interactions On Coral Surfaces And Within The Coral Holobiont / Max Teplitski, Cory J. Krediet, Julie L. Meyer, And Kim B. Ritchie ; 22. Association Of Coral-microbes, And The Ecological Roles Of Microbial Symbionts In Corals / Wei Sun, Ramasamy Anbuchezhian, And Zhiyong Li ; 23. From One To Many : The Population Genetics Of Cnidarian-symbiodinium Symbioses / Scott R. Santos ; 24. General Ecological Aspects Of Anthozoan-symbiodinium Interactions In The Mediterranean Sea / Pilar Casado-amezúa, Alejandro Terrón-sigler, Jorge H. Pinzón, Paola Furla, Didier Forcioli, Denis Allemand, Marta Ribes, And Rafel Coma ; 25. Cnidarians And Their Polychaete Symbionts / Tina N. Molodtsova, Temir A. Britayev, And Daniel Martin ; 26. Cassiopea And Its Zooxanthellae / Kathrin P. Lampert ; 27. Sea Anemones And Anemonefish : A Match Made In Heaven / Karen Burke Da Silva And Anita Nedosyko --^ Part Vi. Immune System. 28 Cnidarian Immunity : From Genomes To Phenomes / Laura D. Mydlarz, Lauren Fuess, Whitney Mann, Jorge H. Pinzón, And Deborah J. Gochfeld -- Part Vii. Photobiology And Circadian Clock. 29. Corals And Light : From Energy Source To Deadly Threat / Zvy Dubinsky And David Iluz ; 30. The Photobiology Of Symbiodinium Spp. : Linking Physiological Diversity To The Implications Of Stress And Resilience / Mark E. Warner And David J. Suggett ; 31. Current Understanding Of The Circadian Clock Within Cnidaria / Kenneth D. Hoadley, Peter D. Vize, And Sonja J. Pyott --^ Part Viii. Global Climate Change. 32. Survey Of Cnidarian Gene Expression Profiles In Response To Environmental Stressors : Summarizing 20 Years Of Research, What Are We Heading For? / Keren Maor-landaw And Oren Levy ; 33. Thermal-stress Response Of Coral Communities To Climate Change / R. Van Woesik, C. Cacciapaglia, And C.j. Randall ; 34. Ecological And Evolutionary Considerations Regarding Corals In A Rapidly Changing Environment / Paul W. Sammarco And Kevin B. Strychar ; 35. The Impact Of Climate Change And The Environment On Coral Growth / M. James C. Crabbe ; 36. Cold-water Corals In An Era Of Rapid Global Change : Are These The Deep Ocean's Most Vulnerable Ecosystems? / J. Murray Roberts, Fiona Murray, Eleni Anagnostou, Sebastian Hennige, Andrea Gori, Lea-anne Henry, Alan Fox, Nick Kamenos, And Gavin L. Foster --^ Part Ix. Medical Aspects And Applications. 37. Unusual Cnidarian Envenomations / Özgür Deniz Tezcan ; 38. Envenomation By Cnidarians And Renal Injuries / Masashi Mizuno ; 39. Cubozoan Envenomations : Clinical Features, Pathophysiology And Management / Angel Anne Yanagihara, Christie Wilcox, Jason Smith, And Gerald Wayne Surrett ; 40. The Role Of Cnidaria In Drug Discovery / Gian Luigi Mariottini ; 41. How Venom From The Magnificent Sea Anemone, Heteractis Magnifica, Kills Breast And Lung Cancer Cells / Barbara J.s. Sanderson, Karen Burke Da Silva, And Mahnaz Ramezanpour ; 42. Leveraging Nematocysts Toward Human Care / Tamar Lotan ; 43. Coral Scaffolds In Bone Tissue Engineering And Bone Regeneration / Mathieu Manassero, Adeline Decambron, Nane Guillemin, Hervé Petite, Rena Bizios, And Véronique Viateau --^ Part X. Management And Conservation. 44. Population Genetic Structure Of Corallium Rubrum In The Mediterranean Sea : Diversity, Phylogeography, And Bathymetric Patterns / Federica Costantini, Didier Aurelle, Jean-baptiste Ledoux, And Marco Abbiati ; 45. Molecular Forensics Into The Sea : How Molecular Markers Can Help To Struggle Against Poaching And Illegal Trade In Precious Corals? / Jean-baptiste Ledoux, Agostinho Antunes, Anne Haguenauer, Marine Pratlong, Federica Costantini, Marco Abbiati, And Didier Aurelle ; 46. Advances In Management Of Precious Corals To Address Unsustainable And Destructive Harvest Techniques / Andrew W. Bruckner ; 47. Conservation And Restoration Of Coral Reefs Under Climate Change : Strategies And Practice / Suchana Chavanich And Voranop Viyakarn --^ Part Xi. In Myth And Art. 48. The Myth Of The Lernaean Hydra / Carl A.p. Ruck ; 49. The Myth Of Medusa : Benvenuto Cellini And The Loggia De' Lanzi In Florence / Ugo Bardi ; 50. Medusa And Perseus, And The Relationship Between Myth And Science / Margaret M. Toscano ; 51. Beheading The Gorgon : Myth, Symbolism And Appropriation / Susan Deacy, Pauline Hanesworth, Greta Hawes, And Daniel Ogden. Stefano Goffredo, Zvy Dubinsky, Editors. This Springer Imprint Is Published By Springer Nature--verso Of Title Page. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xx Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Emergence and Evolution of Early Life in the Geological Environment....Pages 3-13 Integrated Evolution of Cnidarians and Oceanic Geochemistry Before and During the Cambrian Explosion....Pages 15-29 Origin and Early Diversification of Phylum Cnidaria: Key Macrofossils from the Ediacaran System of North and South America....Pages 31-40 The New Systematics of Scleractinia: Integrating Molecular and Morphological Evidence....Pages 41-59 Ceriantharia in Current Systematics: Life Cycles, Morphology and Genetics....Pages 61-72 Origin and Evolution of the Nervous System Considered from the Diffuse Nervous System of Cnidarians....Pages 73-91 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 Zoogeography of Hydrozoa: Past, Present and a Look to the Future....Pages 95-107 Diversity and Distribution of Octocorallia....Pages 109-123 Diversity and Distribution of Actiniaria....Pages 125-138 Cnidarian Alien Species in Expansion....Pages 139-160 Front Matter....Pages 161-161 Calcification in the Cnidaria Through Time: An Overview of Their Skeletal Patterns from Individual to Evolutionary Viewpoints....Pages 163-179 A Non-traditional Stable Isotope Perspective on Coral Calcification....Pages 181-205 Influences of Coral Intra-skeletal Organic Matrix on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation....Pages 207-222 From Molecules to Morphologies, a Multiscale Modeling Approach to Unravel the Complex System of Coral Calcification....Pages 223-236 Front Matter....Pages 237-237 Reproduction of Sea Anemones and Other Hexacorals....Pages 239-248 Sexual Reproduction in Stony Corals and Insight into the Evolution of Oogenesis in Cnidaria....Pages 249-268 Sexual Reproduction of Mediterranean Scleractinian Corals....Pages 269-278 Brooding Corals: Planulation Patterns, Larval Behavior, and Recruitment Dynamics in the Face of Environmental Change....Pages 279-289 Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity in Anthozoans....Pages 291-315 Population Dynamics of Temperate Corals in a Changing Climate....Pages 317-328 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Microbial Interactions on Coral Surfaces and Within the Coral Holobiont....Pages 331-346 Association of Coral-Microbes, and the Ecological Roles of Microbial Symbionts in Corals....Pages 347-357 From One to Many: The Population Genetics of Cnidarian-Symbiodinium Symbioses....Pages 359-373 General Ecological Aspects of Anthozoan-Symbiodinium Interactions in the Mediterranean Sea....Pages 375-386 Cnidarians and Their Polychaete Symbionts....Pages 387-413 Sea Anemones and Anemonefish: A Match Made in Heaven....Pages 415-423 Front Matter....Pages 425-438 Cnidarian Immunity: From Genomes to Phenomes....Pages 439-439 Front Matter....Pages 441-466 Corals and Light: From Energy Source to Deadly Threat....Pages 467-467 The Photobiology of Symbiodinium spp.: Linking Physiological Diversity to the Implications of Stress and Resilience....Pages 469-487 Current Understanding of the Circadian Clock Within Cnidaria....Pages 489-509 Front Matter....Pages 511-520 Survey of Cnidarian Gene Expression Profiles in Response to Environmental Stressors: Summarizing 20 Years of Research, What Are We Heading for?....Pages 521-521 Thermal-Stress Response of Coral Communities to Climate Change....Pages 523-543 Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations Regarding Corals in a Rapidly Changing Environment....Pages 545-552 The Impact of Climate Change and the Environment on Coral Growth....Pages 553-576 Cold-Water Corals in an Era of Rapid Global Change: Are These the Deep Ocean’s Most Vulnerable Ecosystems?....Pages 577-591 Front Matter....Pages 593-606 Unusual Cnidarian Envenomations....Pages 607-607 Envenomation by Cnidarians and Renal Injuries....Pages 609-622 Cubozoan Envenomations: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology and Management....Pages 623-635 The Role of Cnidaria in Drug Discovery....Pages 637-652 Front Matter....Pages 653-668 How Venom from the Magnificent Sea Anemone, Heteractis magnifica, Kills Breast and Lung Cancer Cells....Pages 607-607 Leveraging Nematocysts Toward Human Care....Pages 669-681 Coral Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering and Bone Regeneration....Pages 683-690 Front Matter....Pages 691-714 Population Genetic Structure of Corallium rubrum in the Mediterranean Sea: Diversity, Phylogeography, and Bathymetric Patterns....Pages 715-715 Molecular Forensics into the Sea: How Molecular Markers Can Help to Struggle Against Poaching and Illegal Trade in Precious Corals?....Pages 717-728 Advances in Management of Precious Corals to Address Unsustainable and Destructive Harvest Techniques....Pages 729-745 Conservation and Restoration of Coral Reefs Under Climate Change: Strategies and Practice....Pages 747-786 Front Matter....Pages 787-792 The Myth of the Lernaean Hydra....Pages 793-793 The Myth of Medusa: Benvenuto Cellini and the “Loggia de’ Lanzi” in Florence....Pages 795-803 Medusa and Perseus, and the Relationship Between Myth and Science....Pages 805-814 Beheading the Gorgon: Myth, Symbolism and Appropriation....Pages 815-821 Back Matter....Pages 823-834 ....Pages 835-855