The Cleansing of the Heart: The Sacraments as Instrumental Causes in the Thomistic Tradition (Thomistic Ressourcement Series)

Recalling the Biblical and Patristic roots of the Church's sacramental identity, the Second Vatican Council calls the Church the 'visible sacrament' of that unity offered through Christ (LG 9). 'Sacrament' in this sense not only describes who the Church is, but what she does. In this regard, the Council Fathers were careful to establish a strong connection between the symbolic nature of the Church's sacraments and their effect on those who received them. Reginald Lynch is concerned with the cleansing of the heart―a phrase borrowed from St. Augustine and employed by Aquinas, which describes the effects that natural elements such as water or bread have on the human person when taken up by the Church as sacramental signs. Aquinas' approach to sacramental efficacy is unique for its integration of diverse theological topics such as Christology, merit, grace, creation and instrumentality. While all of these topics will be considered to some extent, the primary focus of The Cleansing of the Heart is the sacraments understood as instrumental causes of grace. This volume provides the historical context for understanding the development of sacramental causality as a theological topic in the scholastic period, emphasizing the unique features of Aquinas' response to this question. Following this, relevant texts from Aquinas' early and later work are examined, noting Aquinas' development and integration of the idea of sacramental causality in his later work. The Cleansing of the Heart concludes by contrasting alternatives to Aquinas' theory of sacramental causality that subsequently emerged. The rise of humanism introduced many changes within rhetoric and philosophy of language that had a profound effect on some theologians during the Modern period. This book provides historical context for understanding the most prominent of these theories in contrast to Aquinas, and examines some of their theological implications. Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. Historical Considerations The Victorine School Lombard and Scholastic Causality The Development of Interpretive Traditions: The Franciscan School Aquinas and the Thomist Tradition Moral Causality The Tridentine Reform Contemporary Implications 2. Creation, Artistry, and Dispositive Instrumental Causality in Aquinas’ Commentary on the Sentences God and Creation Sacraments as Dispositive Instrumental Causes of Grace The Sacraments as Signs The Received Tradition Grace and Re-creation Christological Instrumentality 3. From the Sentences to the Summa De veritate and De Potentia Dei Summa Theologiae Grace, Instrumentality, and Obediential Potency Sacramental Grace and Instrumentality: John of St. Thomas 4. Early Modern Approaches to the Sacraments: Melchior Cano Humanism and Scholasticism Cano and Renaissance Humanism De Locis Cano on the Sacraments: Moral Causality Bañez Merit De Auxiliis and Modern Theology Conclusion Selected Bibliography Index Historical Considerations -- Creation, Artistry, And Dispositive Causality In Aquinas's Commentary On The Sentences -- From The Sentences To The Summa -- Early-modern Approaches To The Sacraments: Melchior Cano. Reginald M. Lynch, Op. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.