The 'Civil Society' Problematique: Deconstructing Civility and Southern Nigeria's Ethnic Radicalisation (African Studies (Routledge (Firm)).)

This volume deftly undertakes both a theoretical deconstruction of the concept of civil society (and related themes, including civility) and an empirical analysis of the radicalization process in Southern Nigeria . Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 CHAPTER I Introduction......Page 16 SUMMARY......Page 22 CHAPTER II Overview of Study......Page 25 IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH TO DISCIPLINARY CONCERNS......Page 26 WHY AFRICA AND NIGERIA?......Page 27 Statement of Problem......Page 28 Hypothesis......Page 30 Independent Variable and Definitions......Page 31 Dependent Variable and Definitions......Page 34 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH AND LOCATION OF FIELD WORK......Page 38 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES......Page 41 CHAPTER III Review of Literature......Page 44 PRELUDE TO CIVIL SOCIETY DISCUSSION......Page 45 EVOLUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY......Page 47 Contemporary Conceptualization......Page 50 African Civil Society......Page 52 Pro-Civil Society Arguments......Page 54 Anti-Civil Society Arguments27......Page 57 OVERVIEW OF ETHNICITY......Page 59 Ethnicity in Nigeria......Page 60 THE STATE, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL MALAISE IN NIGERIA (1960–1999)......Page 62 Theme I—Emergence of a Vibrant Civil Society......Page 63 The Media......Page 64 Theme II—State Corruption, Repression and Violence......Page 65 Theme III—Economic and Social Deprivation61......Page 70 CHAPTER IV Summary of Results—Ijaw Youth Council......Page 74 IJAW YOUTH COUNCIL (IYC)......Page 77 BACKGROUND INFORMATION6......Page 78 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION......Page 81 TACTICS......Page 85 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES AND STATEMENTS (1998–2002)......Page 87 SUMMARY......Page 101 CHAPTER V Summary of Results—Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB)......Page 103 BACKGROUND INFORMATION1......Page 104 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION......Page 107 TACTICS......Page 112 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES AND STATEMENTS (1999–2002)......Page 114 SUMMARY......Page 124 CHAPTER VI Summary of Results—Oodua Peoples Congress......Page 125 BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 126 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION......Page 129 FACTIONS19......Page 136 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES, TACTICS AND STATEMENTS (1998–2002)......Page 137 SUMMARY......Page 151 CHAPTER VII Analysis of Theoretical Anomalies and Regime Policy......Page 153 CIVIL SOCIETY AND THEORETICAL ANOMALIES......Page 154 EVALUATION AND PROBLEMATIZATION OF REGIME POLICY......Page 158 Repression7......Page 159 Ijaw Youth Council......Page 162 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra......Page 165 Oodua Peoples Congress......Page 168 Marginalization......Page 170 Underdevelopment......Page 172 Ijaw Youth Council......Page 174 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra......Page 179 Oodua Peoples Congress......Page 182 SUMMARY......Page 186 CHAPTER VIII Analysis of the Process of Radicalization......Page 188 PRELUDE TO RADICALIZATION OVERVIEW......Page 190 MINIMAL RADICALIZATION......Page 192 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra......Page 193 Ijaw Youth Council......Page 196 Oodua Peoples Congress......Page 199 MODERATE RADICALIZATION......Page 202 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra......Page 203 Ijaw Youth Council......Page 205 Oodua Peoples Congress......Page 208 EXPLICIT RADICALIZATION......Page 210 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra......Page 213 Ijaw Youth Council......Page 214 Oodua Peoples Congress......Page 218 SUMMARY......Page 220 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS......Page 228 IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS FOR THE NIGERIAN STATE......Page 231 RELEVANCE TO CONTEMPORARY DISCOURSES ON TERRORISM......Page 237 SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH......Page 239 BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 241 OBJECTIVES/TACTICS/RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER GROUPS......Page 242 BACKGROUND INFORMATION......Page 245 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION......Page 247 TACTICS......Page 249 APPENDIX C Map of Nigeria......Page 251 APPENDIX D Location of Major Ethnic Groups......Page 252 APPENDIX E Economic, Political and Social Data......Page 253 Notes......Page 256 Bibliography......Page 296 Index......Page 337 Social Sciences Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 7 CHAPTER I Introduction 16 SUMMARY 22 CHAPTER II Overview of Study 25 IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH TO DISCIPLINARY CONCERNS 26 WHY AFRICA AND NIGERIA? 27 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM, HYPOTHESIS, VARIABLES AND DEFINITIONS 28 Statement of Problem 28 Hypothesis 30 Independent Variable and Definitions 31 Dependent Variable and Definitions 34 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH AND LOCATION OF FIELD WORK 38 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 41 CHAPTER III Review of Literature 44 PRELUDE TO CIVIL SOCIETY DISCUSSION 45 EVOLUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY 47 CONTEMPORARY MUSINGS ON CIVIL SOCIETY AND AFRICA 50 Contemporary Conceptualization 50 African Civil Society 52 Pro-Civil Society Arguments 54 Anti-Civil Society Arguments27 57 OVERVIEW OF ETHNICITY 59 Ethnicity in Nigeria 60 THE STATE, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION AND SOCIAL MALAISE IN NIGERIA (1960–1999) 62 Theme I—Emergence of a Vibrant Civil Society 63 The Media 64 Pro-Democracy, Human Rights and Professional Organizations 65 Theme II—State Corruption, Repression and Violence 65 Theme III—Economic and Social Deprivation61 70 CHAPTER IV Summary of Results—Ijaw Youth Council 74 IJAW YOUTH COUNCIL (IYC) 77 BACKGROUND INFORMATION6 78 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION 81 TACTICS 85 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES AND STATEMENTS (1998–2002) 87 SUMMARY 101 CHAPTER V Summary of Results—Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) 103 BACKGROUND INFORMATION1 104 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION 107 TACTICS 112 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES AND STATEMENTS (1999–2002) 114 SUMMARY 124 CHAPTER VI Summary of Results—Oodua Peoples Congress 125 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 126 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION 129 FACTIONS19 136 IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES, TACTICS AND STATEMENTS (1998–2002) 137 SUMMARY 151 CHAPTER VII Analysis of Theoretical Anomalies and Regime Policy 153 CIVIL SOCIETY AND THEORETICAL ANOMALIES 154 EVALUATION AND PROBLEMATIZATION OF REGIME POLICY 158 Repression7 159 Ijaw Youth Council 162 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra 165 Oodua Peoples Congress 168 Marginalization 170 Underdevelopment 172 Ijaw Youth Council 174 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra 179 Oodua Peoples Congress 182 SUMMARY 186 CHAPTER VIII Analysis of the Process of Radicalization 188 PRELUDE TO RADICALIZATION OVERVIEW 190 MINIMAL RADICALIZATION 192 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra 193 Ijaw Youth Council 196 Oodua Peoples Congress 199 MODERATE RADICALIZATION 202 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra 203 Ijaw Youth Council 205 Oodua Peoples Congress 208 EXPLICIT RADICALIZATION 210 Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra 213 Ijaw Youth Council 214 Oodua Peoples Congress 218 SUMMARY 220 CHAPTER IX Implications of Findings and Conclusion 228 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 228 IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS FOR THE NIGERIAN STATE 231 RELEVANCE TO CONTEMPORARY DISCOURSES ON TERRORISM 237 SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH 239 APPENDIX A Questionnaire 241 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 241 OBJECTIVES/TACTICS/RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER GROUPS 242 APPENDIX B Summary of MOSOP Interview 245 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 245 OBJECTIVES AND CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION 247 TACTICS 249 APPENDIX C Map of Nigeria 251 APPENDIX D Location of Major Ethnic Groups 252 APPENDIX E Economic, Political and Social Data 253 Notes 256 Bibliography 296 Index 337 Importance of Research to Disciplinary Concerns -- Why Africa and Nigeria? -- Statement of Problem, Hypothesis, Variables and Definitions -- Statement of Problem -- Hypothesis -- Independent Variable and Definitions -- Dependent Variable and Definitions -- Preliminary Research and Location of Field Work -- Methodological Issues -- Prelude to Civil Society Discussion -- Evolution of Civil Society -- Contemporary Musings on Civil Society and Africa -- Contemporary Conceptualization -- African Civil Society -- Pro-Civil Society Arguments -- Anti-Civil Society Arguments -- Overview of Ethnicity -- Ethnicity in Nigeria -- The State, Political Violence, Economic Deprivation and Social Malaise in Nigeria (1960-1999) -- Theme I -Emergence of a Vibrant Civil Society -- The Media -- Pro-Democracy, Human Rights and Professional Organizations -- Theme II - State Corruption, Repression and Violence -- Theme III - Economic and Social Deprivation -- Ijaw Youth Council (IYC) 6, Background Information -- Objectives and Contextual Information -- Tactics -- Important Activities and Statements (1998-2002) -- Summary -- Background Information -- Objectives and Contextual Information -- Tactics -- Important Activities and Statements (1999-2002) -- Summary -- Background Information -- Objectives and Contextual Information 1.13 Factions -- Important Activities, Tactics and Statements (1998-2002) -- Summary -- Civil Society and Theoretical Anomalies -- Evaluation and Problematization of Regime Policy -- Repression -- Ijaw Youth Council -- Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra -- Oodua Peoples Congress -- Marginalization -- Underdevelopment -- Ijaw Youth Council -- Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra -- Oodua Peoples Congress -- Summary -- Prelude to Radicalization Overview -- Minimal Radicalization -- Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra -- Ijaw Youth Council -- Oodua Peoples Congress -- Moderate Radicalization -- Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra -- Ijaw Youth Council -- Oodua Peoples Congress -- Explicit Radicalization -- Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra -- Ijaw Youth Council -- Oodua Peoples Congress -- Summary -- Summary of Findings -- Implications of Findings for the Nigerian State -- Relevance to Contemporary Discourses on Terrorism -- Suggestions for Additional Research -- A. Questionnaire -- B. Summary of MOSOP Interview -- C. Map of Nigeria -- D. Location of Major Ethnic Groups -- E. Economic, Political and Social Data This volume deftly undertakes both a theoretical deconstruction of the concept of civil society, civility and related themes, and an empirical analysis of the radicalisation process in Southern Nigeria Adedayo Oluwakayode Adekson. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 277-314) And Index.